---
_id: '64045'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Abstract In this work, we report on an improved cell assembly of cylindrical
    electrochemical cells for 23Na in-situ solid-state NMR (ssNMR) investigations.
    The cell set-up is suitable for using powder electrode materials. Reproducibility
    of our cell assembly is analyzed by preparing two cells containing hard carbon
    (HC) powder as working electrode and sodium metal as reference electrode. Electrochemical
    storage properties of HC powder electrode derived from carbonization of sustainable
    cellulose are studied by ssNMR. 23Na in-situ ssNMR monitors the sodiation/desodiation
    of a Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 1) over a period of 22?days, showing
    high cell stability. After the galvanostatic process, the HC powder material is
    investigated by high resolution 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR. The formation of ionic sodium
    species in different chemical environments is obtained. Subsequently, a second
    Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 2) is sodiated for 11?days achieving
    a capacity of 220?mAh/g. 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR measurements of the HC powder material
    extracted from this cell clearly indicate the presence of quasi-metallic sodium
    species next to ionic sodium species. This observation of quasi-metallic sodium
    species is discussed in terms of the achieved capacity of the cell as well as
    of side reactions of sodium in this electrode material.
author:
- first_name: Edina
  full_name: Šić, Edina
  last_name: Šić
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
  last_name: Schutjajew
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Haagen, Ulrich
  last_name: Haagen
- first_name: Hergen
  full_name: Breitzke, Hergen
  last_name: Breitzke
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Oschatz, Martin
  last_name: Oschatz
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
  last_name: Buntkowsky
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
  id: '118165'
  last_name: Gutmann
citation:
  ama: 'Šić E, Schutjajew K, Haagen U, et al. Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard
    Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from
    In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>. 2023;17:e202301300. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  apa: 'Šić, E., Schutjajew, K., Haagen, U., Breitzke, H., Oschatz, M., Buntkowsky,
    G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2023). Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>, <i>17</i>, e202301300. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Šić_Schutjajew_Haagen_Breitzke_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2023,
    title={Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
    in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR},
    volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>},
    journal={Chemsuschem}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd}, author={Šić, Edina
    and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Haagen, Ulrich and Breitzke, Hergen and Oschatz,
    Martin and Buntkowsky, Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2023}, pages={e202301300}
    }'
  chicago: 'Šić, Edina, Konstantin Schutjajew, Ulrich Haagen, Hergen Breitzke, Martin
    Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage
    in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights
    from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i> 17 (2023): e202301300.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  ieee: 'E. Šić <i>et al.</i>, “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR,” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, p. e202301300, 2023, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  mla: 'Šić, Edina, et al. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes
    Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State
    NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2023, p. e202301300,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  short: E. Šić, K. Schutjajew, U. Haagen, H. Breitzke, M. Oschatz, G. Buntkowsky,
    T. Gutmann, Chemsuschem 17 (2023) e202301300.
date_created: 2026-02-07T16:12:13Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:13:10Z
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202301300
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        17'
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- hard carbon
- electrochemical cells
- in-situ characterization
- sodium
language:
- iso: eng
page: e202301300
publication: Chemsuschem
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1864-5631
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
status: public
title: 'Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
  in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR'
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...