[{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We experimentally test a theoretically promising amendment to the ratchet-up mechanism of the Paris Agreement. The ratchet-up mechanism prescribes that parties’ commitments to the global response to climate change cannot decrease over time, and our results show that its effect is detrimental. We design a public goods game to study whether cooperation is promoted by an amendment to the mechanism that stipulates that all agents must contribute at least a collectively chosen minimum based on the principle of the lowest common denominator. We find that binding collective minimum contributions improve the effectiveness of the ratchet-up mechanism. Non-binding minimum contributions, by contrast, do not encourage cooperation. Our data indicate that the difference is attributable to conditional cooperative dynamics. If other participants contribute less than the collective minimum contribution, even initially cooperative participants start to negatively reciprocate this form of non-compliance by contributing less."}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["global public goods","climate change","institutions","ratchet-up mechanism","minimum contributions","laboratory experiment"],"user_id":"46138","department":[{"_id":"791"},{"_id":"681"}],"_id":"47093","citation":{"ama":"Alt M, Kesternich M, Gallier C, Sturm B. Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods. <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>","chicago":"Alt, Marius, Martin Kesternich, Carlo Gallier, and Bodo Sturm. “Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods.” <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>.","ieee":"M. Alt, M. Kesternich, C. Gallier, and B. Sturm, “Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods,” <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>.","apa":"Alt, M., Kesternich, M., Gallier, C., &#38; Sturm, B. (2023). Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods. <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>","short":"M. Alt, M. Kesternich, C. Gallier, B. Sturm, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (2023).","mla":"Alt, Marius, et al. “Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods.” <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i>, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Alt_Kesternich_Gallier_Sturm_2023, title={Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327\">10.2139/ssrn.4288327</a>}, journal={Journal of Environmental Economics and Management}, author={Alt, Marius and Kesternich, Martin and Gallier, Carlo and Sturm, Bodo}, year={2023} }"},"year":"2023","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1556-5068"]},"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4288327","title":"Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods","author":[{"last_name":"Alt","full_name":"Alt, Marius","first_name":"Marius"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Kesternich","id":"98922","full_name":"Kesternich, Martin"},{"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Gallier","full_name":"Gallier, Carlo"},{"full_name":"Sturm, Bodo","last_name":"Sturm","first_name":"Bodo"}],"date_created":"2023-09-16T11:52:21Z","date_updated":"2023-12-04T12:27:27Z"},{"date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:16Z","author":[{"last_name":"Bo","full_name":"Bo, Fu","first_name":"Fu"},{"first_name":"Li","full_name":"Ting, Li","last_name":"Ting"},{"full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","id":"210","last_name":"Hemsel","first_name":"Tobias"}],"date_created":"2019-04-29T11:16:13Z","title":"A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers","doi":"10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801","year":"2008","page":"324-327","citation":{"ama":"Bo F, Ting L, Hemsel T. A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers. In: <i>Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On</i>. ; 2008:324-327. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801\">10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801</a>","ieee":"F. Bo, L. Ting, and T. Hemsel, “A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers,” in <i>Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on</i>, 2008, pp. 324–327.","chicago":"Bo, Fu, Li Ting, and Tobias Hemsel. “A Simple Pre-Stress Estimating Method of Langevin Transducers.” In <i>Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On</i>, 324–27, 2008. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801\">https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801</a>.","apa":"Bo, F., Ting, L., &#38; Hemsel, T. (2008). A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers. In <i>Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on</i> (pp. 324–327). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801\">https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Bo_Ting_Hemsel_2008, title={A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801\">10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801</a>}, booktitle={Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on}, author={Bo, Fu and Ting, Li and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2008}, pages={324–327} }","short":"F. Bo, L. Ting, T. Hemsel, in: Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On, 2008, pp. 324–327.","mla":"Bo, Fu, et al. “A Simple Pre-Stress Estimating Method of Langevin Transducers.” <i>Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On</i>, 2008, pp. 324–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801\">10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801</a>."},"_id":"9568","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"user_id":"55222","keyword":["capacitors","impedance convertors","piezoelectric transducers","stress analysis","Langevin transducers","basic circuit theory","capacitor","impedance converter","piezoelectric equation","pre-stress estimating method","voltmeter","Capacitors","Educational institutions","Equations","Force measurement","Impedance measurement","Manufacturing","Mechatronics","Piezoelectric transducers","Voltage","Voltmeters","Langevin transducer","capacitor","piezoelectric element","pre-stress"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A simple pre-stress estimate method of Langevin transducers is studied. The measurement setup consists of a capacitor, an impedance converter and a voltmeter. Based on the piezoelectric equation and the basic circuit theory, the mathematical expression between the pre-stress and the voltage across the capacitor is derived. The pre-stress level can then be calculated out of the measurement of the capacitor voltage. In order to evaluate the precision of this method, a force washer is used to measure the pre-stress of the Langevin transducer. The result shows the pre-stress level obtained from this method is 30-40\\% higher than the pre-stress level measured by the force washer. This method is simple and can be used to estimate the pre-stress of various Langevin transducers. The precision of this method can be raised if d33 is identified under different pre-stress levels."}],"status":"public"}]