---
_id: '47093'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We experimentally test a theoretically promising amendment to the ratchet-up
mechanism of the Paris Agreement. The ratchet-up mechanism prescribes that parties’
commitments to the global response to climate change cannot decrease over time,
and our results show that its effect is detrimental. We design a public goods
game to study whether cooperation is promoted by an amendment to the mechanism
that stipulates that all agents must contribute at least a collectively chosen
minimum based on the principle of the lowest common denominator. We find that
binding collective minimum contributions improve the effectiveness of the ratchet-up
mechanism. Non-binding minimum contributions, by contrast, do not encourage cooperation.
Our data indicate that the difference is attributable to conditional cooperative
dynamics. If other participants contribute less than the collective minimum contribution,
even initially cooperative participants start to negatively reciprocate this form
of non-compliance by contributing less.
author:
- first_name: Marius
full_name: Alt, Marius
last_name: Alt
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Kesternich, Martin
id: '98922'
last_name: Kesternich
- first_name: Carlo
full_name: Gallier, Carlo
last_name: Gallier
- first_name: Bodo
full_name: Sturm, Bodo
last_name: Sturm
citation:
ama: Alt M, Kesternich M, Gallier C, Sturm B. Collective Minimum Contributions to
Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods. Journal
of Environmental Economics and Management. Published online 2023. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4288327
apa: Alt, M., Kesternich, M., Gallier, C., & Sturm, B. (2023). Collective Minimum
Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public
Goods. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327
bibtex: '@article{Alt_Kesternich_Gallier_Sturm_2023, title={Collective Minimum Contributions
to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods},
DOI={10.2139/ssrn.4288327},
journal={Journal of Environmental Economics and Management}, author={Alt, Marius
and Kesternich, Martin and Gallier, Carlo and Sturm, Bodo}, year={2023} }'
chicago: Alt, Marius, Martin Kesternich, Carlo Gallier, and Bodo Sturm. “Collective
Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision
of Public Goods.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288327.
ieee: 'M. Alt, M. Kesternich, C. Gallier, and B. Sturm, “Collective Minimum Contributions
to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods,”
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2023, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4288327.'
mla: Alt, Marius, et al. “Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet
Effect in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods.” Journal of Environmental
Economics and Management, 2023, doi:10.2139/ssrn.4288327.
short: M. Alt, M. Kesternich, C. Gallier, B. Sturm, Journal of Environmental Economics
and Management (2023).
date_created: 2023-09-16T11:52:21Z
date_updated: 2023-12-04T12:27:27Z
department:
- _id: '791'
- _id: '681'
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4288327
keyword:
- global public goods
- climate change
- institutions
- ratchet-up mechanism
- minimum contributions
- laboratory experiment
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1556-5068
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Collective Minimum Contributions to Counteract the Ratchet Effect in the Voluntary
Provision of Public Goods
type: journal_article
user_id: '46138'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '9568'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A simple pre-stress estimate method of Langevin transducers is studied. The
measurement setup consists of a capacitor, an impedance converter and a voltmeter.
Based on the piezoelectric equation and the basic circuit theory, the mathematical
expression between the pre-stress and the voltage across the capacitor is derived.
The pre-stress level can then be calculated out of the measurement of the capacitor
voltage. In order to evaluate the precision of this method, a force washer is
used to measure the pre-stress of the Langevin transducer. The result shows the
pre-stress level obtained from this method is 30-40\% higher than the pre-stress
level measured by the force washer. This method is simple and can be used to estimate
the pre-stress of various Langevin transducers. The precision of this method can
be raised if d33 is identified under different pre-stress levels.
author:
- first_name: Fu
full_name: Bo, Fu
last_name: Bo
- first_name: Li
full_name: Ting, Li
last_name: Ting
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
id: '210'
last_name: Hemsel
citation:
ama: 'Bo F, Ting L, Hemsel T. A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin
transducers. In: Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications,
2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On. ; 2008:324-327. doi:10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801'
apa: Bo, F., Ting, L., & Hemsel, T. (2008). A simple pre-stress estimating method
of langevin transducers. In Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications,
2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on (pp. 324–327). https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Bo_Ting_Hemsel_2008, title={A simple pre-stress estimating
method of langevin transducers}, DOI={10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801},
booktitle={Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA
2008. Symposium on}, author={Bo, Fu and Ting, Li and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2008},
pages={324–327} }'
chicago: Bo, Fu, Li Ting, and Tobias Hemsel. “A Simple Pre-Stress Estimating Method
of Langevin Transducers.” In Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications,
2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On, 324–27, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801.
ieee: F. Bo, L. Ting, and T. Hemsel, “A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin
transducers,” in Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications,
2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium on, 2008, pp. 324–327.
mla: Bo, Fu, et al. “A Simple Pre-Stress Estimating Method of Langevin Transducers.”
Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008.
Symposium On, 2008, pp. 324–27, doi:10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801.
short: 'F. Bo, L. Ting, T. Hemsel, in: Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device
Applications, 2008. SPAWDA 2008. Symposium On, 2008, pp. 324–327.'
date_created: 2019-04-29T11:16:13Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:16Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/SPAWDA.2008.4775801
keyword:
- capacitors
- impedance convertors
- piezoelectric transducers
- stress analysis
- Langevin transducers
- basic circuit theory
- capacitor
- impedance converter
- piezoelectric equation
- pre-stress estimating method
- voltmeter
- Capacitors
- Educational institutions
- Equations
- Force measurement
- Impedance measurement
- Manufacturing
- Mechatronics
- Piezoelectric transducers
- Voltage
- Voltmeters
- Langevin transducer
- capacitor
- piezoelectric element
- pre-stress
language:
- iso: eng
page: 324-327
publication: Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications, 2008. SPAWDA
2008. Symposium on
status: public
title: A simple pre-stress estimating method of langevin transducers
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2008'
...