@article{66036,
  abstract     = {{Light-assisted metal oxide-based chemiresistive gas sensors are widely explored for operation at relatively low temperatures, yet the investigation of the role of irradiance, as opposed to wavelength, remains underrepresented. Here, we systematically quantify the irradiance-dependent behavior of ordered mesoporous In2O3 under visible light illumination. Photoconductivity measurements reveal two distinct irradiance regimes consistent with trap-limited transport at low power and recombination- or saturation-limited transport at high power. Gas sensing experiments towards CO and H2 show a pronounced non-monotonic response, reaching maximum responses of 0.74 for 135 ppm CO at 67 mW cm−2 and 0.64 for 90 ppm H2 at 11 mW cm−2, followed by strong suppression at higher irradiance. Illumination also accelerated the response kinetics. At 60 ppm, t90 decreases from 96 to 12 s for CO and 141 to 27 s for H2, corresponding to an 8- and 5-fold faster response time, respectively. Near-ambient pressure-XPS under controlled atmosphere and density functional theory calculations indicate defect-mediated excitation. Oxygen vacancy states and illumination-induced modification of surface oxygen species govern this behavior. The results establish irradiance as a critical mechanistic parameter that determines whether In2O3 operates in a surface-controlled or bulk photoconductive regime. These findings highlight the need to explicitly optimize and report irradiance in illuminated gas sensor studies, and not only the power consumption of the light source.}},
  author       = {{Voth, Sven and Zhao, Zhenyu and Baier, Dominik and Glass, Alexandra and Elgabarty, Hossam and Sandberg, Oskar J. and Grundmeier, Guido and Tiemann, Michael and Smått, Jan-Henrik and Anttu, Nicklas and de los Arcos, Teresa and Weinberger, Christian}},
  issn         = {{2379-3694}},
  journal      = {{ACS Sensors}},
  keywords     = {{resistive gas sensing, indium oxide, photoactivation, irradiance, photoconductivity, charge carrier dynamics, oxygen vacancies}},
  number       = {{7}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acssensors.6c01100}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{21265,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Fast-growing energy demand of the world makes the researchers focus on finding new energy sources or optimizing already-developed approaches. For an efficient use of solar and wind energy in an energy system, correct design and sizing of a power system is of high importance and improving or optimizing the process of data obtaining for this purpose leads to higher performance and lower cost per unit of energy. It is essential to have the most precise possible estimation of solar and wind energy potential and other local weather parameters in order to fully feed the demand and avoid extra costs. There are various methods for obtaining local data, such as local measurements, official organizational data, satellite obtained, and reanalysis data. In this paper, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications dataset version 2 (MERRA-2) dataset provided by NASA is introduced and its performance is evaluated by comparison to various locally measured datasets offered by meteorological institutions such as Meteonorm and Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, or Germany’s National Meteorological Service) around the world. After comparison, correlation coefficients from 0.95 to 0.99 are observed for monthly global horizontal irradiance values. In the case of air temperature, correlation coefficients of 0.99 and for wind speed from 0.81 to 0.99 are observed. High correlation with ground measurements and relatively low errors are confirmed, especially for irradiance and temperature values, that makes MERRA-2 a valuable dataset, considering its world coverage and availability.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Khatibi, Arash and Krauter, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{1996-1073}},
  journal      = {{Energies}},
  keywords     = {{Solar irradiance, MERRA 2, Meteonorm, DWD}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Validation and Performance of Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 for Solar and Wind Applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/en14040882}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}