--- _id: '60300' abstract: - lang: eng text: This study focuses on the phenomenological change in material strength caused by a specific heat treatment and the subsequent analysis of the influence on the clinching process and the resulting joint properties. For this purpose, three series of tests were performed. In the first series of tests, the influence of heat treatment up to 340 °C on the mechanical properties of an age-hardenable AlMgSi alloy was investigated. Holding time and temperature were varied and the material strength was evaluated by tensile and hardness tests. Two strength-increasing and two strength-reducing heat treatment parameters were identified. In the second series of tests, selected heat treatment parameters were applied to a larger number of specimens and the joint strength was investigated by shear and head tensile tests. In the shear tensile test, mainly the properties of the punch-side material have an influence on the resulting joint strength. A change in strength of the die-side material can be neglected. In contrast, the properties of both sheets are important in the head tensile test. The strength of the joint will only increase if the strength of both sheets is increased. In general, a strength increasing heat treatment resulted in higher joint strength. In the third series of tests, the factor of punch displacement was considered, which was demonstrated to directly influence the formation of the clinched joint geometry. article_number: '100263' author: - first_name: Christian full_name: Steinfelder, Christian last_name: Steinfelder - first_name: Dennis full_name: Rempel, Dennis last_name: Rempel - first_name: Alexander full_name: Brosius, Alexander last_name: Brosius citation: ama: Steinfelder C, Rempel D, Brosius A. Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint. Journal of Advanced Joining Processes. 2024;10. doi:10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263 apa: Steinfelder, C., Rempel, D., & Brosius, A. (2024). Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint. Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 10, Article 100263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263 bibtex: '@article{Steinfelder_Rempel_Brosius_2024, title={Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263}, number={100263}, journal={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Steinfelder, Christian and Rempel, Dennis and Brosius, Alexander}, year={2024} }' chicago: Steinfelder, Christian, Dennis Rempel, and Alexander Brosius. “Influence of the Material Properties on the Clinching Process and the Resulting Load-Bearing Capacity of the Joint.” Journal of Advanced Joining Processes 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263. ieee: 'C. Steinfelder, D. Rempel, and A. Brosius, “Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint,” Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, vol. 10, Art. no. 100263, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263.' mla: Steinfelder, Christian, et al. “Influence of the Material Properties on the Clinching Process and the Resulting Load-Bearing Capacity of the Joint.” Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, vol. 10, 100263, Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263. short: C. Steinfelder, D. Rempel, A. Brosius, Journal of Advanced Joining Processes 10 (2024). date_created: 2025-06-23T07:54:23Z date_updated: 2025-06-23T07:57:53Z department: - _id: '630' doi: 10.1016/j.jajp.2024.100263 intvolume: ' 10' keyword: - Joining by forming - Clinching - EN AW-6014 - Heat treatment - Load-bearing capacity language: - iso: eng project: - _id: '130' grant_number: '418701707' name: 'TRR 285: TRR 285: Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten' - _id: '132' name: 'TRR 285 - B: TRR 285 - Project Area B' - _id: '140' name: 'TRR 285 – B01: TRR 285 - Subproject B01' publication: Journal of Advanced Joining Processes publication_identifier: issn: - 2666-3309 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV status: public title: Influence of the material properties on the clinching process and the resulting load-bearing capacity of the joint type: journal_article user_id: '104464' volume: 10 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '19976' abstract: - lang: eng text: The aim to reduce pollutant emission has led to a trend towards lightweight construction in car body development during the last years. As a consequence of the resulting need for multi-material design, mechanical joining technologies become increasingly important. Mechanical joining allows for the combination of dissimilar materials, while thermic joining techniques reach their limits. Self-piercing riveting enables the joining of dissimilar materials by using semi-tubular rivets as mechanical fasteners. The rivet production, however, is costly and time-consuming, as the rivets generally have to be hardened, tempered and coated after forming, in order to achieve an adequate strength and corrosion resistance. A promising approach to improve the efficiency of the rivet manufacturing is the use of high-strength high nitrogen steel as rivet material because these additional process steps would not be necessary anymore. As a result of the comparatively high nitrogen content, such steels have various beneficial properties like higher strength, good ductility and improved corrosion resistance. By cold bulk forming of high nitrogen steels high-strength parts can be manufactured due to the strengthening which is caused by the high strain hardening. However, high tool loads thereby have to be expected and are a major challenge during the production process. Consequently, there is a need for appropriate forming strategies. This paper presents key aspects concerning the process design for the manufacturing of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high-strength steel. The aim is to produce the rivets in several forming stages without intermediate heat treatment between the single stages. Due to the high strain hardening of the material, a two stage forming concept will be investigated. Cup-backward extrusion is chosen as the first process step in order to form the rivet shank without forming the rivet foot. Thus, the strain hardening effects in the area of the rivet foot are minimized and the tool loads during the following process step can be reduced. During the second and final forming stage the detailed geometry of the rivet foot and the rivet head is formed. In this context, the effect of different variations, for example concerning the final geometry of the rivet foot, on the tool load is investigated using multistage numerical analysis. Furthermore, the influence of the process temperature on occurring stresses is analysed. Based on the results of the investigations, an adequate forming strategy and a tool concept for the manufacturing of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high-strength steel are presented. citation: ama: Kuball C-M, Uhe B, Meschut G, Merklein M, eds. Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel. Vol 50.; 2020:280-285. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052 apa: Kuball, C.-M., Uhe, B., Meschut, G., & Merklein, M. (Eds.). (2020). Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel (Vol. 50, pp. 280–285). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052 bibtex: '@book{Kuball_Uhe_Meschut_Merklein_2020, series={Procedia Manufacturing}, title={Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052}, year={2020}, pages={280–285}, collection={Procedia Manufacturing} }' chicago: Kuball, Clara-Maria, Benedikt Uhe, Gerson Meschut, and Marion Merklein, eds. Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel. Vol. 50. Procedia Manufacturing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052. ieee: C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, and M. Merklein, Eds., Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel, vol. 50. 2020, pp. 280–285. mla: Kuball, Clara-Maria, et al., editors. Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel. 2020, pp. 280–85, doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052. short: C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, M. Merklein, eds., Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel, 2020. date_created: 2020-10-12T08:30:08Z date_updated: 2026-02-27T10:43:48Z department: - _id: '157' doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052 editor: - first_name: Clara-Maria full_name: Kuball, Clara-Maria last_name: Kuball - first_name: Benedikt full_name: Uhe, Benedikt id: '38131' last_name: Uhe - first_name: Gerson full_name: Meschut, Gerson id: '32056' last_name: Meschut orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246 - first_name: Marion full_name: Merklein, Marion last_name: Merklein intvolume: ' 50' keyword: - high nitrogen steel - self-piercing riveting - joining by forming - bulk forming - tool design language: - iso: eng page: 280-285 publication_status: published quality_controlled: '1' series_title: Procedia Manufacturing status: public title: Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel type: conference_editor user_id: '53912' volume: 50 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '19974' abstract: - lang: eng text: Due to the trend towards lightweight design in car body development mechanical joining technologies become increasingly important. These techniques allow for the joining of dissimilar materials and thus enable multi-material design, while thermic joining methods reach their limits. Semi-tubular self-piercing riveting is an important mechanical joining technology. The rivet production, however, is costly and time-consuming, as the process consists of several process steps including the heat treatment and coating of the rivets in order to achieve an adequate strength and corrosion resistance. The use of high nitrogen steel as rivet material leads to the possibility of reducing process steps and hence increasing the efficiency of the process. However, the high tool loads being expected due to the high strain hardening of the material are a major challenge during the rivet production. Thus, there is a need for appropriate forming strategies, such as the manufacturing of the rivets at elevated temperatures. Prior investigations led to the conclusion that forming already at 200 °C results in a distinct reduction of the yield strength. To create a deeper understanding of the forming behaviour of high nitrogen steel at elevated temperatures, compression tests were conducted in a temperature range between room temperature and 200 °C. The determined true stress – true strain curves are the basis for the further process and tool design of the rivet production. Another key factor for the rivet manufacturing at elevated temperatures is the influence of the process temperature on the tribological conditions. For this reason, ring compression tests at room temperature and 200 °C are carried out. The friction factors are determined on the basis of calibration curves resulting from the numerical analysis of the ring compression process. The investigations indicate that the friction factor at 200 °C is significantly higher compared to room temperature. This essential fact has to be taken into account for the process and tool design for the rivet production using high nitrogen steel. article_number: '100023' citation: ama: Kuball C-M, Jung R, Uhe B, Meschut G, Merklein M, eds. Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel. Vol 1.; 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023 apa: Kuball, C.-M., Jung, R., Uhe, B., Meschut, G., & Merklein, M. (Eds.). (2020). Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel (No. 100023; Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023 bibtex: '@book{Kuball_Jung_Uhe_Meschut_Merklein_2020, series={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, title={Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023}, number={100023}, year={2020}, collection={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes} }' chicago: Kuball, Clara-Maria, R Jung, Benedikt Uhe, Gerson Meschut, and Marion Merklein, eds. Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel. Vol. 1. Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023. ieee: C.-M. Kuball, R. Jung, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, and M. Merklein, Eds., Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel, vol. 1. 2020. mla: Kuball, Clara-Maria, et al., editors. Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel. 100023, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023. short: C.-M. Kuball, R. Jung, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, M. Merklein, eds., Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel, 2020. date_created: 2020-10-12T08:23:27Z date_updated: 2026-02-27T10:45:08Z department: - _id: '157' doi: 10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023 editor: - first_name: Clara-Maria full_name: Kuball, Clara-Maria last_name: Kuball - first_name: R full_name: Jung, R last_name: Jung - first_name: Benedikt full_name: Uhe, Benedikt id: '38131' last_name: Uhe - first_name: Gerson full_name: Meschut, Gerson id: '32056' last_name: Meschut orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246 - first_name: Marion full_name: Merklein, Marion last_name: Merklein intvolume: ' 1' keyword: - High nitrogen steel - Self-piercing riveting - Joining by forming - Bulk forming - Strain hardening language: - iso: eng publication_status: published quality_controlled: '1' series_title: Journal of Advanced Joining Processes status: public title: Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel type: conference_editor user_id: '53912' volume: 1 year: '2020' ...