---
_id: '28017'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Processing aluminum alloys employing powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M)
    is becoming more attractive for the industry, especially if lightweight applications
    are needed. Unfortunately, high-strength aluminum alloys such as AA7075 are prone
    to hot cracking during PBF-LB/M, as well as welding. Both a large solidification
    range promoted by the alloying elements zinc and copper and a high thermal gradient
    accompanied with the manufacturing process conditions lead to or favor hot cracking.
    In the present study, a simple method for modifying the powder surface with titanium
    carbide nanoparticles (NPs) as a nucleating agent is aimed. The effect on the
    microstructure with different amounts of the nucleating agent is shown. For the
    aluminum alloy 7075 with 2.5 ma% titanium carbide nanoparticles, manufactured
    via PBF-LB/M, crack-free samples with a refined microstructure having no discernible
    melt pool boundaries and columnar grains are observed. After using a two-step
    ageing heat treatment, ultimate tensile strengths up to 465 MPa and an 8.9% elongation
    at break are achieved. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that not all nanoparticles
    used remain in the melt pool during PBF-LB/M.
author:
- first_name: Steffen
  full_name: Heiland, Steffen
  id: '77250'
  last_name: Heiland
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Milkereit, Benjamin
  last_name: Milkereit
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Evgeny
  full_name: Zhuravlev, Evgeny
  last_name: Zhuravlev
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Keßler, Olaf
  last_name: Keßler
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Heiland S, Milkereit B, Hoyer K-P, Zhuravlev E, Keßler O, Schaper M. Requirements
    for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free
    and Dense Parts. <i>Materials</i>. Published online 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>
  apa: Heiland, S., Milkereit, B., Hoyer, K.-P., Zhuravlev, E., Keßler, O., &#38;
    Schaper, M. (2021). Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys
    with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts. <i>Materials</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Heiland_Milkereit_Hoyer_Zhuravlev_Keßler_Schaper_2021, title={Requirements
    for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free
    and Dense Parts}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>},
    journal={Materials}, author={Heiland, Steffen and Milkereit, Benjamin and Hoyer,
    Kay-Peter and Zhuravlev, Evgeny and Keßler, Olaf and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2021}
    }'
  chicago: Heiland, Steffen, Benjamin Milkereit, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Evgeny Zhuravlev,
    Olaf Keßler, and Mirko Schaper. “Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu
    Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts.” <i>Materials</i>,
    2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Heiland, B. Milkereit, K.-P. Hoyer, E. Zhuravlev, O. Keßler, and M. Schaper,
    “Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve
    Crack-Free and Dense Parts,” <i>Materials</i>, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>.'
  mla: Heiland, Steffen, et al. “Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu
    Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts.” <i>Materials</i>,
    2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190</a>.
  short: S. Heiland, B. Milkereit, K.-P. Hoyer, E. Zhuravlev, O. Keßler, M. Schaper,
    Materials (2021).
date_created: 2021-11-29T08:23:43Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:50Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '158'
- _id: '219'
doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: heilands
  date_created: 2021-11-29T08:19:19Z
  date_updated: 2021-11-29T08:19:19Z
  file_id: '28018'
  file_name: 2021_Heiland_MDPI Materials_Requirements for Processing High-Strength
    AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LBM to Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts_print.pdf
  file_size: 2202343
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-11-29T08:19:19Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- grain refinement
- crack reduction
- laser beam melting
- aluminum alloy
- titanium carbide
- nanoparticle
- PBF-LB/M
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7190/htm
publication: Materials
status: public
title: Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LB/M to
  Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts
type: journal_article
user_id: '77250'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '24086'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Laser beam melting (LBM) is an advanced manufacturing technology providing\r\nspecial
    features and the possibility to produce complex and individual parts directly\r\nfrom
    a CAD model. TiAl6V4 is the most common used titanium alloy particularly\r\nin
    biomedical applications. TiAl6Nb7 shows promising improvements especially\r\nregarding
    biocompatible properties due to the substitution of the hazardous\r\nvanadium.
    This work focuses on the examination of laser beam melted TiAl6Nb7.\r\nFor microstructural
    investigation scanning electron microscopy including energydispersive\r\nx-ray
    spectroscopy as well as electron backscatter diffraction are utilized.\r\nThe
    laser beam melted related acicular microstructure as well as the corresponding\r\nmechanical
    properties, which are determined by hardness measurements\r\nand tensile tests,
    are investigated. The laser beam melted alloy meets,\r\nexcept of breaking elongation
    A, the mechanical demands like ultimate tensile\r\nstrength Rm, yield strength
    Rp0.2, Vickers hardness HV of international standard\r\nISO 5832-11. Next steps
    contain comparison between TiAl6Nb7 and TiAl6V4 in\r\ndifferent conditions. Further
    investigations aim at improving mechanical properties\r\nof TiAl6Nb7 by heat treatments
    and assessment of their influence on the microstructure\r\nas well as examination
    regarding the corrosive behavior in human bodylike\r\nconditions."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maxwell
  full_name: Hein, Maxwell
  id: '52771'
  last_name: Hein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3732-2236
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  id: '48411'
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  id: '43720'
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Hein M, Hoyer K-P, Schaper M. Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical
    applications. <i>Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik</i>. 2021;52:703-716.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>
  apa: Hein, M., Hoyer, K.-P., &#38; Schaper, M. (2021). Additively processed TiAl6Nb7
    alloy for biomedical applications. <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>,
    <i>52</i>, 703–716. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hein_Hoyer_Schaper_2021, title={Additively processed TiAl6Nb7
    alloy for biomedical applications}, volume={52}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>},
    journal={Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}, author={Hein, Maxwell and
    Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2021}, pages={703–716} }'
  chicago: 'Hein, Maxwell, Kay-Peter Hoyer, and Mirko Schaper. “Additively Processed
    TiAl6Nb7 Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>
    52 (2021): 703–16. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Hein, K.-P. Hoyer, and M. Schaper, “Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy
    for biomedical applications,” <i>Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik</i>,
    vol. 52, pp. 703–716, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.'
  mla: Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Additively Processed TiAl6Nb7 Alloy for Biomedical Applications.”
    <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>, vol. 52, 2021, pp. 703–16, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.
  short: M. Hein, K.-P. Hoyer, M. Schaper, Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik
    52 (2021) 703–716.
date_created: 2021-09-09T15:40:08Z
date_updated: 2023-06-01T14:38:03Z
department:
- _id: '158'
doi: 10.1002/mawe.202000288
intvolume: '        52'
keyword:
- Laser beam melting
- titanium alloy
- TiAl6Nb7
- biomedical engineering
- implants
language:
- iso: eng
page: 703-716
publication: Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0933-5137
  - 1521-4052
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '43720'
volume: 52
year: '2021'
...