---
_id: '19393'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management
\r\nsystems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate
method. Due to the present \r\ninflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling
capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of \r\nelectricity
generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While
the specific CO2-\r\nemission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share
of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain \r\nlimit). Using
the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that
do not require power \r\npermanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers,
fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, \r\ninexpensive demand-side
management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic \r\nconsumption
tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and
frequency data of the \r\nGerman grid of the year 2018 have been collected and
a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share \r\nof renewables
vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated.
The results \r\nshow: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is
quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary \r\ngrid control quickly compensates
deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation
(r = -\r\n0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid.
Over the years, correlation between \r\nelectricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2
emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that \r\ncorrelation
almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power
plants that even operate at \r\nnegative prices. \r\n"
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: L.
full_name: Zhang, L.
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Zhang L. Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity
prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity
grid. In: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020. ; 2020:1815-1817. doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9'
apa: 'Krauter, S., & Zhang, L. (2020). Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in
the German electricity grid. Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 1815–1817. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management:
Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency
in the German electricity grid.}, DOI={10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020.}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, year={2020},
pages={1815–1817} }'
chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in
the German Electricity Grid.” In Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 1815–17, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
ieee: 'S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in
the German electricity grid.,” in Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., online, 2020, pp. 1815–1817,
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in
the German Electricity Grid.” Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–17, doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
short: 'S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–1817.'
conference:
end_date: 2020-09-11
location: online
name: 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
2020)
start_date: 2020-09-07
date_created: 2020-09-14T12:43:43Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:42:22Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: krauter
date_created: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
file_id: '29172'
file_name: Krauter Zhang - Triggering DSM - EUPVSEC 2020.pdf
file_size: 1309449
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- 'Keywords: Load-Shifting'
- Demand-Side-Management
- DSM
- grid frequency
- EEX
- electricity trading prices
- renewable share
- flexibility
- emissions
- CO2
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1815 - 1817
publication: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020.
publication_identifier:
issn:
- "\t3-936338-73-6"
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share
of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '6632'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Many processes in industrial and domestic applications require heating or
cooling at certain steps of a process. Even if the process itself cannot be shifted
towards periods of high PV output (which would be favorable), the heating and
cooling necessities can be carried out via an inexpensive thermal storage instead
of a costly electrical storage. Examples are: distillation units, washing machines,
dishwashers, coolers, freezers. The resulting “shiftability” of power consumption
can be a business model by offering that availability of load dispatching on the
balancing power market. An example using PCM as cooling storage for refrigerators
that has been investigated: A focus of this paper is the use of that load shifting
ability to provide balancing power. Another emphasis is on the protection of individual
consumer data: To keep the state of use of each individual consumer (actually:
interactive consumer or “prosumer”) anonymous, but still performing the sales
of balancing power, the orders for load-dispatching can be transmitted via transmitted
via a regional, non-individual broadcasting message within the GSM network. Demonstrating
DSMs capacities, abilities and limits concerning domestic applications is an important
task to prepare large-scale implementation and to convince stakeholders. To reaching
that goal, several realistic DSM scenarios for cooling applications and freezers
have been developed with the prerequisite that DSM activities are supposed to
be without comfort losses and without restrictions for consumers while the limits
for lower and upper temperature for food are maintained.'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Dirk
full_name: Prior, Dirk
last_name: Prior
citation:
ama: Krauter S, Prior D. Minimizing storage costs by substituting centralized electrical
storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling balancing power for
grid operation. Energy Procedia. 2017;135:210-226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505
apa: Krauter, S., & Prior, D. (2017). Minimizing storage costs by substituting
centralized electrical storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling
balancing power for grid operation. Energy Procedia, 135, 210–226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505
bibtex: '@article{Krauter_Prior_2017, title={Minimizing storage costs by substituting
centralized electrical storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling
balancing power for grid operation}, volume={135}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505},
journal={Energy Procedia}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Prior, Dirk}, year={2017},
pages={210–226} }'
chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Dirk Prior. “Minimizing Storage Costs by Substituting
Centralized Electrical Storage by Thermal Storage at the End User, Also Suppling
Balancing Power for Grid Operation.” Energy Procedia 135 (2017): 210–26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505.'
ieee: S. Krauter and D. Prior, “Minimizing storage costs by substituting centralized
electrical storage by thermal storage at the end user, also suppling balancing
power for grid operation,” Energy Procedia, vol. 135, pp. 210–226, 2017.
mla: Krauter, Stefan, and Dirk Prior. “Minimizing Storage Costs by Substituting
Centralized Electrical Storage by Thermal Storage at the End User, Also Suppling
Balancing Power for Grid Operation.” Energy Procedia, vol. 135, 2017, pp.
210–26, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505.
short: S. Krauter, D. Prior, Energy Procedia 135 (2017) 210–226.
date_created: 2019-01-14T07:00:57Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:03:13Z
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.505
intvolume: ' 135'
keyword:
- DSM
- load management
- load shifting
- PCM
- thermal storage
- balancing power
language:
- iso: eng
page: 210 - 226
publication: Energy Procedia
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1876-6102
status: public
title: Minimizing storage costs by substituting centralized electrical storage by
thermal storage at the end user, also suppling balancing power for grid operation
type: journal_article
user_id: '16148'
volume: 135
year: '2017'
...