---
_id: '43046'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the laser sintering technology, the semi-crystalline polymer material is
    exposed to elevated temperatures during processing, which leads to serious material
    ageing for most materials. This has already been investigated intensively by various
    authors. However, the ageing of the material at ambient temperatures during shelf
    life has not been the focus so far. The need to analyse the shelf life can be
    derived from an ecological and economic point of view. This work is focusing on
    the shelf life of PA2200 (PA12). To reduce the potential influences of powder
    production fluctuations, two different powder batches stored for 5.5 years and
    6.5 years are investigated and compared to a reference powder produced 0.5 years
    before these investigations. Multiple powder analyses and part characterisations
    have been performed. A significant yellowing and molecular chain length reduction
    can be derived from the measurement results. Whereas the influence on mechanical
    part performance was minor, the parts built with the stored powders are more yellowish.
    As it is most likely that this is due to the consumption of polyamide stabilisers,
    it can be assumed that these parts will be subject to significantly faster ageing.
    Therefore, it is still not recommended to use the stored powders for critical
    parts or light intense and humid environments.
author:
- first_name: Sven Helge
  full_name: Klippstein, Sven Helge
  id: '71545'
  last_name: Klippstein
- first_name: Ivo
  full_name: Kletetzka, Ivo
  id: '50769'
  last_name: Kletetzka
- first_name: Ilknur
  full_name: Sural, Ilknur
  last_name: Sural
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921
citation:
  ama: Klippstein SH, Kletetzka I, Sural I, Schmid H-J. Influence of a prolonged shelf
    time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties. <i>The International
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>
  apa: Klippstein, S. H., Kletetzka, I., Sural, I., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Influence
    of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties.
    <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Klippstein_Kletetzka_Sural_Schmid_2023, title={Influence of a
    prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>},
    journal={The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology }, publisher={Springer},
    author={Klippstein, Sven Helge and Kletetzka, Ivo and Sural, Ilknur and Schmid,
    Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Klippstein, Sven Helge, Ivo Kletetzka, Ilknur Sural, and Hans-Joachim Schmid.
    “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12 Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting
    Part Properties.” <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
    </i>, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.
  ieee: 'S. H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, and H.-J. Schmid, “Influence of
    a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties,”
    <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>, 2023,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.'
  mla: Klippstein, Sven Helge, et al. “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12
    Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting Part Properties.” <i>The International Journal
    of Advanced Manufacturing Technology </i>, Springer, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1</a>.
  short: S.H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, H.-J. Schmid, The International
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology  (2023).
date_created: 2023-03-18T14:28:46Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:57:59Z
department:
- _id: '150'
- _id: '624'
- _id: '219'
- _id: '9'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1
keyword:
- Selective laser sintering
- Shelf life
- Polyamide 12
- powder
- PA2200
- material ageing
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1
oa: '1'
publication: 'The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology '
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting
  part properties
type: journal_article
user_id: '50769'
year: '2023'
...