@article{34403,
  abstract     = {{For a reliable, strength-compliant and fracture-resistant design of components and technical structures and for the prevention of damage cases, both the criteria of strength calculation and fracture mechanics are essential. In contrast to strength calculation the fracture mechanics assumes the existence of cracks which might further propagate due to the operational load. First, the present paper illustrates the general procedure of a fracture mechanical evaluation of fatigue cracks in order to assess practical damage cases. Fracture mechanical fundamentals which are essential for the calculation of the stress intensity factors <jats:italic>K</jats:italic>
                  <jats:sub>I</jats:sub> and the experimental determination of fracture mechanical material parameters (e.g. threshold Δ<jats:italic>K</jats:italic>
                  <jats:sub>I,th</jats:sub> against fatigue crack growth, crack growth rate curve) are explained in detail. The subsequent fracture mechanical evaluation on the basis of the local stress situation at the crack tip and the fracture mechanical material data is executed for different materials and selected crack problems. Hereby, the main focus is on the material HCT590X as it is the essential material being investigated by TRR285.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Schramm, Britta and Weiß, Deborah}},
  issn         = {{0025-5300}},
  journal      = {{Materials Testing}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{1437--1449}},
  publisher    = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}},
  title        = {{{Fracture mechanical evaluation of the material HCT590X}}},
  doi          = {{10.1515/mt-2022-0191}},
  volume       = {{64}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30678,
  author       = {{Javed, Muhammad Ali and Vater, Sebastian and Baumhögger, Elmar and Windmann, Thorsten and Vrabec, Jadran}},
  issn         = {{0021-9614}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics}},
  keywords     = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Materials Science, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Apparatus for the measurement of the thermodynamic speed of sound of diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jct.2022.106766}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33255,
  author       = {{Betken, Benjamin and Beckmüller, Robin and Ali Javed, Muhammad and Baumhögger, Elmar and Span, Roland and Vrabec, Jadran and Thol, Monika}},
  issn         = {{0021-9614}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics}},
  keywords     = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Materials Science, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Thermodynamic Properties for 1-Hexene – Measurements and Modeling}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jct.2022.106881}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32188,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The additive manufacturing (AM) of innovative lattice structures with unique mechanical properties has received widespread attention due to the capability of AM processes to fabricate freeform and intricate structures. The most common way to characterize the additively manufactured lattice structures is via the uniaxial compression test. However, although there are many applications for which lattice structures are designed for bending (e.g., sandwich panels cores and some medical implants), limited attention has been paid toward investigating the flexural behavior of metallic AM lattice structures with tunable internal architectures. The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the flexural behavior of AM Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with graded density and hybrid Poisson’s ratio (PR). Four configurations of lattice structure beams with positive, negative, hybrid PR, and a novel hybrid PR with graded density were manufactured via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM process and tested under four-point bending. The manufacturability, microstructure, micro-hardness, and flexural properties of the lattices were evaluated. During the bending tests, different failure mechanisms were observed, which were highly dependent on the type of lattice geometry. The best response in terms of absorbed energy was obtained for the functionally graded hybrid PR (FGHPR) structure. Both the FGHPR and hybrid PR (HPR) structured showed a 78.7% and 62.9% increase in the absorbed energy, respectively, compared to the positive PR (PPR) structure. This highlights the great potential for FGHPR lattices to be used in protective devices, load-bearing medical implants, and energy-absorbing applications.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Abdelaal, Osama and Hengsbach, Florian and Schaper, Mirko and Hoyer, Kay-Peter}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{LPBF Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Obtained by Graded Density and Hybrid Poisson’s Ratio}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15124072}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34097,
  author       = {{Voswinkel, Dietrich and Striewe, Jan Andre and Grydin, Olexandr and Meinderink, Dennis and Grundmeier, Guido and Schaper, Mirko and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0924-3046}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Composite Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites}},
  pages        = {{1--16}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Co-bonding of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy and galvanised steel with laser structured interface for automotive applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/09243046.2022.2143746}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{36327,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>With an innovative optical characterization method, using high-temperature digital image correlation in combination with thermal imaging, the local change in strain and change in temperature could be determined during thermo-mechanical treatment of flat steel specimens. With data obtained by this optical method, the transformation kinetics for every area of interest along the whole measuring length of a flat specimen could be analyzed by the generation of dilatation curves. The benefit of this innovative optical characterization method compared to a dilatometer test is that the experimental effort for the design of a tailored component could be strongly reduced to the investigation of only a few tailored thermo-mechanical processed specimens. Due to the implementation of a strain and/or temperature gradient within the flat specimen, less metallographic samples are prepared for hardness analysis and analysis of the microstructural composition by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the influence of different process parameters. Compared to performed dilatometer tests in this study, the optical method obtained comparable results for the transformation start and end temperatures. For the final design of a part with tailored properties, the optical method is suitable for a time-efficient material characterization.</jats:p>
                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract</jats:bold></jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Reitz, Alexander and Grydin, Olexandr and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{1073-5623}},
  journal      = {{Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}},
  keywords     = {{Metals and Alloys, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{3125--3142}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Optical Detection of Phase Transformations in Steels: An Innovative Method for Time-Efficient Material Characterization During Tailored Thermo-mechanical Processing of a Press Hardening Steel}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11661-022-06732-z}},
  volume       = {{53}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{36328,
  abstract     = {{Aluminium-steel clad composite was manufactured by twin-roll casting. An intermetallic layer of Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4 formed at the interface upon annealing above 500 °C. During in-situ annealing in transmission electron microscope, the layer grew towards the steel side of the interface in tongue-like protrusions. A study of furnace-annealed samples revealed, that the bulk growth of the interface phase proceeds towards the aluminium side. The growth towards steel is a surface effect that takes place simultaneously with the bulk growth towards aluminium. At the beginning of the intermetallic layer formation diffusion of Fe into aluminium prevails, afterwards Al atoms diffuse throught the newly formed intermetallic layer towards steel and the whole interface shifts towards aluminium. The kinetics of growth of the intermetallic layer follows parabolic law in both cases, indicating that the growth is governed by diffusion.}},
  author       = {{Šlapáková, Michaela and Křivská, Barbora and Fekete, Klaudia and Králík, Rostislav and Grydin, Olexandr and Stolbchenko, Mykhailo and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{1044-5803}},
  journal      = {{Materials Characterization}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{The influence of surface on direction of diffusion in Al-Fe clad material}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112005}},
  volume       = {{190}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29196,
  abstract     = {{In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys, laser powder bed fusion, Ti-6Al-7Nb, titanium alloy, biomedical engineering, low cycle fatigue, microstructure, nanostructure}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12010122}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29811,
  abstract     = {{In order to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, the approach of load-adapted components is increasingly being pursued. For the design of such components, it is crucial to determine their resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. For this purpose, continuous cooling transformation diagrams and deformation continuous cooling transformation diagrams are utilized, however, their curves are strongly influenced by the chemical composition, the initial state and especially the process parameters.

In this study, the influence of the process parameters on the transformation kinetics is systematically investigated using an innovative characterization method. The experimental setup allowed a near-process analysis of the transformation kinetics, resulting microstructure and mechanical properties for a specific process route with a reduced number of specimens. A systematic investigation of the effects of different process parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties made it possible to reveal interactions and independencies between the process parameters in order to design a partial heating or differential cooling process. Furthermore, the implementation of two different cooling conditions, representative of differential cooling in the die relief method with tool-contact and non-contact areas, showed that the soaking duration has a significant influence on the microstructure in the non-contact tool area.}},
  author       = {{Reitz, Alexander and Grydin, Olexandr and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0921-5093}},
  journal      = {{Materials Science and Engineering: A}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Influence of thermomechanical processing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of steel 22MnB5}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.msea.2022.142780}},
  volume       = {{838}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34652,
  author       = {{Vieth, P. and Garthe, M.-A. and Voswinkel, Dietrich and Schaper, Mirko and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0257-8972}},
  journal      = {{Surface and Coatings Technology}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, General Chemistry}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Enhancement of the delamination resistance of adhesive film coated surface laser melted aluminum 7075-T6 alloy by aminophosphonic acid adsorption}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128835}},
  volume       = {{447}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31076,
  author       = {{Tillmann, Wolfgang and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hein, Maxwell and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Gödecke, Daria and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica}},
  issn         = {{0167-577X}},
  journal      = {{Materials Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Tribo-functional PVD thin films deposited onto additively manufactured Ti6Al7Nb for biomedical applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132384}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31075,
  author       = {{Teng, Zhenjie and Wu, Haoran and Pramanik, Sudipta and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Zhang, Hanlon and Boller, Christian and Starke, Peter}},
  issn         = {{1438-1656}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Characterization and analysis of plastic instability in an ultrafine‐grained medium Mn TRIP steel}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adem.202200022}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41497,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In this study, the design, additive manufacturing and experimental as well as simulation investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of cellular solids are addressed. For this, two cellular solids having nested and non-nested structures are designed and additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. The primary objective is to design cellular solids which absorb a significant amount of energy upon impact loading without transmitting a high amount of stress into the cellular solids. Therefore, compression testing of the two cellular solids is performed. The nested and non-nested cellular solids show similar energy absorption properties; however, the nested cellular solid transmits a lower amount of stress in the cellular structure compared to the non-nested cellular solid. The experimentally measured strain (by DIC) in the interior region of the nested cellular solid is lower despite a higher value of externally imposed compressive strain. The second objective of this study is to determine the thermal insulation properties of cellular solids. For measuring the thermal insulation properties, the samples are placed on a hot plate; and the surface temperature distribution is measured by an infrared camera. The thermal insulating performance of both cellular types is sufficient for temperatures exceeding 100 °C. However, the thermal insulating performance of a non-nested cellular solid is slightly better than that of the nested cellular solid. Additional thermal simulations predict a relatively higher temperature distribution on the cellular solid surfaces compared to experimental results. The simulated residual stress shows a similar distribution for both types, but the magnitude of residual stress is different for the cellular solids upon cooling from different temperatures of the hot plate.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Pramanik, Sudipta and Milaege, Dennis and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2073-4352}},
  journal      = {{Crystals}},
  keywords     = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Additively Manufactured Nested and Non-Nested Cellular Solids for Effective Stress Distribution and Thermal Insulation Applications: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/cryst12091217}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41499,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The additive manufacturing (AM) of innovative lattice structures with unique mechanical properties has received widespread attention due to the capability of AM processes to fabricate freeform and intricate structures. The most common way to characterize the additively manufactured lattice structures is via the uniaxial compression test. However, although there are many applications for which lattice structures are designed for bending (e.g., sandwich panels cores and some medical implants), limited attention has been paid toward investigating the flexural behavior of metallic AM lattice structures with tunable internal architectures. The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the flexural behavior of AM Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with graded density and hybrid Poisson’s ratio (PR). Four configurations of lattice structure beams with positive, negative, hybrid PR, and a novel hybrid PR with graded density were manufactured via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM process and tested under four-point bending. The manufacturability, microstructure, micro-hardness, and flexural properties of the lattices were evaluated. During the bending tests, different failure mechanisms were observed, which were highly dependent on the type of lattice geometry. The best response in terms of absorbed energy was obtained for the functionally graded hybrid PR (FGHPR) structure. Both the FGHPR and hybrid PR (HPR) structured showed a 78.7% and 62.9% increase in the absorbed energy, respectively, compared to the positive PR (PPR) structure. This highlights the great potential for FGHPR lattices to be used in protective devices, load-bearing medical implants, and energy-absorbing applications.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Abdelaal, Osama and Hengsbach, Florian and Schaper, Mirko and Hoyer, Kay-Peter}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{LPBF Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Obtained by Graded Density and Hybrid Poisson’s Ratio}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15124072}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41496,
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0142-1123}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Fatigue}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Modeling and Simulation}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{On the influence of physical vapor deposited thin coatings on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of additively processed Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107235}},
  volume       = {{166}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41495,
  author       = {{Pramanik, Sudipta and Milaege, Dennis and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0921-5093}},
  journal      = {{Materials Science and Engineering: A}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Additively manufactured novel Ti6Al7Nb circular honeycomb cellular solid for energy absorbing applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.msea.2022.143887}},
  volume       = {{854}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41500,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Titanium alloys, especially β alloys, are favorable as implant materials due to their promising combination of low Young’s modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In particular, the low Young’s moduli reduce the risk of stress shielding and implant loosening. The processing of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn through laser powder bed fusion is presented. The specimens were heat-treated, and the microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The microstructures reveal a mainly β microstructure with α″ formation for high cooling rates and α precipitates after moderate cooling rates or aging. The as-built and α″ phase containing conditions exhibit a hardness around 225 HV5, yield strengths (YS) from 340 to 490 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) around 706 MPa, fracture elongations around 20%, and Young’s moduli about 50 GPa. The α precipitates containing conditions reveal a hardness around 297 HV5, YS around 812 MPa, UTS from 871 to 931 MPa, fracture elongations around 12%, and Young’s moduli about 75 GPa. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn exhibits, depending on the heat treatment, promising properties regarding the material behavior and the opportunity to tailor the mechanical performance as a low modulus, high strength implant material.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Pramanik, Sudipta and Stangier, Dominic and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Heat Treatments of Metastable β Titanium Alloy Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15113774}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41501,
  author       = {{Tillmann, Wolfgang and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hein, Maxwell and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Gödecke, Daria and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica}},
  issn         = {{0167-577X}},
  journal      = {{Materials Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Tribo-functional PVD thin films deposited onto additively manufactured Ti6Al7Nb for biomedical applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132384}},
  volume       = {{321}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30103,
  author       = {{Huang, Jingyuan and Orive, Alejandro Gonzalez and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Keller, Adrian and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0010-938X}},
  journal      = {{Corrosion Science}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry}},
  pages        = {{110186}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Influence of proteins on the corrosion of a conventional and selective laser beam melted FeMn alloy in physiological electrolytes}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110186}},
  volume       = {{200}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41502,
  author       = {{Teng, Zhenjie and Wu, Haoran and Pramanik, Sudipta and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Zhang, Hanlong and Boller, Christian and Starke, Peter}},
  issn         = {{1438-1656}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Characterization and Analysis of Plastic Instability in an Ultrafine‐Grained Medium Mn TRIP Steel}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adem.202200022}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}