---
_id: '58236'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>In the engineering of complex technical systems, Systems Engineering
    (SE) is a key approach that is becoming increasingly relevant in more and more
    industries due to the ever-increasing complexity of systems. Over the decades
    of practical application and research, various specializations and forms of the
    Systems Engineering approach have developed, but there has so far been a lack
    of an overarching context and positioning in meaningful stages for the introduction
    of Systems Engineering in companies. For this reason, this research will systematize
    common Systems Engineering approaches and bring them together in a stage model
    for Systems Engineering. Based on a systematic literature review, use cases are
    identified for each approach and stage, which support companies in selecting an
    approach suitable for their own organization.</jats:p>
article_number: '53'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Gräßler, Iris
  id: '47565'
  last_name: Gräßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-5765-971X
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Grewe, Benedikt
  id: '52359'
  last_name: Grewe
citation:
  ama: 'Gräßler I, Grewe B. Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization
    of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>. 2025;13(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>'
  apa: 'Gräßler, I., &#38; Grewe, B. (2025). Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>, <i>13</i>(1),
    Article 53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Gräßler_Grewe_2025, title={Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches}, volume={13}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>}, number={153},
    journal={Systems}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Gräßler, Iris and Grewe, Benedikt},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An
    Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i>
    13, no. 1 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Gräßler and B. Grewe, “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and
    Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches,” <i>Systems</i>, vol. 13,
    no. 1, Art. no. 53, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  mla: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i>, vol.
    13, no. 1, 53, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  short: I. Gräßler, B. Grewe, Systems 13 (2025).
date_created: 2025-01-17T09:17:15Z
date_updated: 2025-11-11T06:11:22Z
department:
- _id: '152'
doi: 10.3390/systems13010053
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Systems Engineering Transformation
- maturity
- Systems Engineering stages
- approaches
- SE
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/1/53
publication: Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2079-8954
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems
  Engineering Approaches'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52359'
volume: 13
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '48632'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Digital Servitization is one of the significant trends affecting the manufacturing
    industry. Companies try to tackle challenges regarding their differentiation and
    profitability using digital services. One specific type of digital services are
    smart services, which are digital services built on data from smart products.
    Introducing these kinds of offerings into the portfolio of manufacturing companies
    is not trivial. Moreover, they require conscious action to align all relevant
    capabilities to realize the respective business goals. However, what capabilities
    are generally relevant for smart services remains opaque. We conducted a systematic
    literature review to identify them and extended the results through an interview
    study. Our analysis results in 78 capabilities clustered among 12 principles and
    six dimensions. These results provide significant support for the smart service
    transformation of manufacturing companies and for structuring the research field
    of smart services.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Koldewey, Christian
  id: '43136'
  last_name: Koldewey
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6399
- first_name: Timm
  full_name: Fichtler, Timm
  id: '66731'
  last_name: Fichtler
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-4399
- first_name: Michel
  full_name: Scholtysik, Michel
  id: '50562'
  last_name: Scholtysik
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Biehler, Jan
  last_name: Biehler
- first_name: Nick
  full_name: Schreiner, Nick
  last_name: Schreiner
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: Sommer, Franziska
  last_name: Sommer
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Schacht, Maximilian
  last_name: Schacht
- first_name: Jonas
  full_name: Kaufmann, Jonas
  last_name: Kaufmann
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Rabe, Martin
  last_name: Rabe
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Sedlmeier, Joachim
  last_name: Sedlmeier
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: 'Koldewey C, Fichtler T, Scholtysik M, et al. Exploring Capabilities for the
    Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice.
    In: ; 2024.'
  apa: 'Koldewey, C., Fichtler, T., Scholtysik, M., Biehler, J., Schreiner, N., Sommer,
    F., Schacht, M., Kaufmann, J., Rabe, M., Sedlmeier, J., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024).
    <i>Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing:
    Insights from Theory and Practice</i>. Hawaii International Conference on System
    Sciences, Hawaii.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Koldewey_Fichtler_Scholtysik_Biehler_Schreiner_Sommer_Schacht_Kaufmann_Rabe_Sedlmeier_et
    al._2024, title={Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in
    Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice}, author={Koldewey, Christian
    and Fichtler, Timm and Scholtysik, Michel and Biehler, Jan and Schreiner, Nick
    and Sommer, Franziska and Schacht, Maximilian and Kaufmann, Jonas and Rabe, Martin
    and Sedlmeier, Joachim and et al.}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Koldewey, Christian, Timm Fichtler, Michel Scholtysik, Jan Biehler, Nick
    Schreiner, Franziska Sommer, Maximilian Schacht, et al. “Exploring Capabilities
    for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and
    Practice,” 2024.'
  ieee: 'C. Koldewey <i>et al.</i>, “Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service
    Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice,” presented
    at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 2024.'
  mla: 'Koldewey, Christian, et al. <i>Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service
    Transformation in Manufacturing: Insights from Theory and Practice</i>. 2024.'
  short: 'C. Koldewey, T. Fichtler, M. Scholtysik, J. Biehler, N. Schreiner, F. Sommer,
    M. Schacht, J. Kaufmann, M. Rabe, J. Sedlmeier, R. Dumitrescu, in: 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-01-06
  location: Hawaii
  name: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
  start_date: 2024-01-03
date_created: 2023-11-06T15:31:32Z
date_updated: 2023-11-06T15:40:33Z
department:
- _id: '563'
- _id: '241'
keyword:
- Digital Servitization
- Transformation
- Capabilities
- Maturity
- Smart Services
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: 'Exploring Capabilities for the Smart Service Transformation in Manufacturing:
  Insights from Theory and Practice'
type: conference
user_id: '66731'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '53811'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Persistent security challenges plague DevOps teams due to a deficiency in
    expertise regarding security tools and methods, as evidenced by frequent security
    incidents. Existing maturity models fail to adequately address the specific needs
    of DevOps teams. In response, this paper proposes "Security Belts," a novel maturity
    model inspired by martial arts ranking systems. This model aims to assist DevOps
    teams in enhancing their security capabilities by providing a structured approach,
    starting with fundamental activities and progressing to more advanced techniques.
    Drawing from the experiences of monitoring 21 teams, the paper presents lessons
    learned and offers actionable advice for refining maturity models tailored to
    software quality improvement.
author:
- first_name: Samira
  full_name: Taaibi, Samira
  id: '55800'
  last_name: Taaibi
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Dziwok, Stefan
  id: '3901'
  last_name: Dziwok
  orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-6673
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Hermerschmidt, Lars
  last_name: Hermerschmidt
- first_name: Thorsten
  full_name: Koch, Thorsten
  id: '13616'
  last_name: Koch
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Merschjohann, Sven
  id: '11394'
  last_name: Merschjohann
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Vollmary, Mark
  last_name: Vollmary
citation:
  ama: 'Taaibi S, Dziwok S, Hermerschmidt L, Koch T, Merschjohann S, Vollmary M. Security
    Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams to Increase the Software Security of
    their Product - An Experience Report.'
  apa: 'Taaibi, S., Dziwok, S., Hermerschmidt, L., Koch, T., Merschjohann, S., &#38;
    Vollmary, M. (n.d.). <i>Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams to Increase
    the Software Security of their Product - An Experience Report</i>.  30th Americas
    Conference on Information Systems, Salt Lake City.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Taaibi_Dziwok_Hermerschmidt_Koch_Merschjohann_Vollmary,
    title={Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams to Increase the Software
    Security of their Product - An Experience Report}, author={Taaibi, Samira and
    Dziwok, Stefan and Hermerschmidt, Lars and Koch, Thorsten and Merschjohann, Sven
    and Vollmary, Mark} }'
  chicago: 'Taaibi, Samira, Stefan Dziwok, Lars Hermerschmidt, Thorsten Koch, Sven
    Merschjohann, and Mark Vollmary. “Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps
    Teams to Increase the Software Security of Their Product - An Experience Report,”
    n.d.'
  ieee: 'S. Taaibi, S. Dziwok, L. Hermerschmidt, T. Koch, S. Merschjohann, and M.
    Vollmary, “Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams to Increase the Software
    Security of their Product - An Experience Report,” presented at the  30th Americas
    Conference on Information Systems, Salt Lake City.'
  mla: 'Taaibi, Samira, et al. <i>Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams
    to Increase the Software Security of Their Product - An Experience Report</i>.'
  short: 'S. Taaibi, S. Dziwok, L. Hermerschmidt, T. Koch, S. Merschjohann, M. Vollmary,
    in: n.d.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-08-17
  location: Salt Lake City
  name: ' 30th Americas Conference on Information Systems'
  start_date: 2024-08-15
date_created: 2024-05-02T08:57:52Z
date_updated: 2024-08-09T08:55:49Z
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: '662'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: staaibi
  date_created: 2024-05-02T08:54:21Z
  date_updated: 2024-05-02T08:54:21Z
  file_id: '53812'
  file_name: AMCIS2024_final_submission_maturity model security belt paper.pdf
  file_size: 540990
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-05-02T08:54:21Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Software security
- maturity model
language:
- iso: eng
publication_status: accepted
status: public
title: 'Security Belts: A Maturity Model for DevOps Teams to Increase the Software
  Security of their Product - An Experience Report'
type: conference
user_id: '55800'
year: '2024'
...