@article{64985, abstract = {{Modern industrial development has necessitated a wide range of joining technologies. Self-pierce riveting has become a prevalent technique for sheet metal assembly, especially in automotive applications. Achieving proper joint geometry and adequate load-bearing capacity depends on appropriate tool selection and precise process control. Material properties and condition also play a significant role in process performance. To accommodate the inevitable variations in component characteristics during production, a robust and stable joining process is essential. The study focuses on investigating the influence of preformed joining partners on the joining process and the joint's load capacity. An EN AW-6014 in T4 condition, as well as an HCT590X, are used as materials for this study. For this purpose, an exemplary process chain consisting of the steps of performing, joining, and shear load testing is studied. Each process step is implemented using an FE model to predict the outcome of subsequent steps. For analysis of the influence of pre-strain, an optimisation software is used to plan and execute variations of the process. These variations are used to create a meta-model that can describe the relationships between pre-forming and characteristic parameters of subsequent process steps. The resulting model is validated by comparing simulation and experimental data. Finally, in a novel approach, the robustness of the presented process chain is analyzed in terms of a tolerable performance level for the joining partners.}}, author = {{Ludwig, Jean-Patrick and Tolke, Emil and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}}, issn = {{2666-3309}}, journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}}, keywords = {{Self-pierce riveting, FE modelling, Plastic pre-deformation, Meta modelling}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Numerical analysis of the robustness of self-pierce riveting with pre-formed joining partners}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100391}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2026}}, } @inbook{65515, abstract = {{Abstract This study explores the usability and onboarding process of a Mixed Reality (MR) application called PEARL, designed to prepare students for laboratory work. Originally developed for mobile Augmented Reality (mAR), PEARL was adapted for MR to offer a more immersive and intuitive experience through hand and gesture controls. Since many students lack experience with MR devices, a user-friendly onboarding system is essential. The study aims to redesign PEARL’s user interface and onboarding experience, evaluating how intuitive interaction elements impact usability. First, a literature review will identify existing usability guidelines for MR applications, which will guide the redesign of the interface. This new version will then be tested with students through a user study. Feedback will be collected via an online survey to assess the onboarding and user experience, and the findings will be used to refine the design further. The expected outcome is an improved onboarding process and interface, making PEARL accessible even for MR novices, enhancing their ability to interact with 3D objects in a real-world setting. Ultimately, the study aims to provide best practices for developing intuitive MR interfaces and effective onboarding experiences, especially in educational contexts.}}, author = {{Alptekin, Mesut and Münstermann, Daniel and Temmen, Katrin}}, booktitle = {{Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems}}, isbn = {{9783032073181}}, issn = {{2367-3370}}, keywords = {{Meta Quest 3, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, PEARL, Electrical Engineering, Laboratory Training, Onboarding, User Experience, User Interface, Heuristics}}, location = {{Santiago, Chile}}, pages = {{199--211}}, publisher = {{Springer Nature Switzerland}}, title = {{{Designing and Evaluating the Usability and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2026}}, } @inbook{52538, abstract = {{Twitter ist jetzt X und befindet sich auf dem absteigenden Ast. Auf diesem Ast sitzt Facebook bereits seit längerem. Der Kurzvideodienst Vine, Vorgänger von TikTok, ist Geschichte. Und auch bei Google klingeln die Alarmglocken angesichts der „neuen“ Konkurrenz durch Microsoft und ChatGPT. Umso dringlicher wird also die Historisierung der „sozialen Medien“, das heißt, sie in ihren historischen Kontext einzuordnen und ihren Mythos zu entzaubern. Dabei wartet das Vorhaben mit einer doppelten Herausforderung auf: Erstens, dass es sich bei den Unternehmen der Branche und zweitens auch bei den dort gebildeten Gemeinschaften um recht flüchtige, wandelhaften Gestalten handelt. Scheitern und Wandel ist Teil der „sozialen Medien“ – und sei es nur in der schnellen Abfolge der Moden des „nächsten großen Dings“. Dementsprechend versucht dieser Beitrag mit einem systematischeren Ansatz als dem der gesellschaftlichen Selbstbeschreibung, die Entwicklung des sozio-digitalen Phänomens „soziale Medien“ in dessen Zeitkontext einzuordnen.}}, author = {{Schmitt, Martin}}, booktitle = {{Soziale Medien – wie sie wurden, was sie sind}}, keywords = {{Digitalgeschichte, Soziale Medien, Technikgeschichte, Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Digitalisierung, Twitter, Facebook, Meta}}, publisher = {{Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung}}, title = {{{Alles geht? Die jüngste Geschichte der „sozialen Medien“. Zwischen Wirtschaft und Gemeinschaft}}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{58511, abstract = {{We investigate differences in bribing decisions among two generations from East and West Germany in a bribery game conducted as an online study (N=168). This way, we aim to explore moral considerations of individuals influenced by two formerly different institutional systems. We find a higher propensity to bribe among young Germans compared to the older generation. Young East Germans even reveal a slightly greater inclination to bribe than their West German counterparts. We conclude that preferences for personal favors may be induced among young East Germans given the tense relationship between market opportunities and conveyed cultural traits of a socialist imprint.}}, author = {{Auer, Thorsten Fabian and Berg, Timo and Hoffmann, Christin}}, issn = {{1824-2979}}, journal = {{European Journal of Comparative Economics}}, keywords = {{Moral behavior, Corruption, Intra- and intergenerational study, Institutional transformation, Reunification}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{211--264}}, title = {{{Inter- and intragenerational differences in corrupt behavior: The development of morals after German reunification}}}, doi = {{10.25428/1824-2979/032}}, volume = {{21}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{45812, author = {{Özcan, Leon and Fichtler, Timm and Kasten, Benjamin and Koldewey, Christian and Dumitrescu, Roman}}, keywords = {{Digital Platform, Platform Strategy, Strategic Management, Platform Life Cycle, Interview Study, Business Model, Business-to-Business, Two-sided Market, Multi-sided Market}}, location = {{Ljubljana}}, title = {{{Interview Study on Strategy Options for Platform Operation in B2B Markets}}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{34166, abstract = {{Within innovation management, choosing the best fitting product idea is the most important decision point. The future existence and success of the organization is depending on selected product ideas. To find the best fitting idea for an organization, it needs evaluation criteria representing the organizations mission Therefore, this study focuses on a holistic overview about evaluation criteria and on supporting organizations in the process to select its individual evaluation criteria. Based on a literature study, existing approaches regarding evaluation criteria in product idea selection are identified and a list of evaluation criteria is reworked. Using the list of evaluation criteria, a prioritization method is created. Within an interview with experts in innovation management, the method is discussed regarding usability and the level of assistance in product idea selection. The developed criteria can be used directly by innovation manager and industrial practitioners to evaluate potential product ideas.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Koch, Anna-Sophie}}, booktitle = {{XXXIII Proceedings of the ISPIM Innovation Conference}}, isbn = {{978-952-335-694-8}}, keywords = {{innovation management, evaluation criteria, idea selection, idea evaluation, meta-study}}, location = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, title = {{{Evaluation Criteria in Product Idea Selection Decisions}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{47627, abstract = {{In Germany, dual learning programmes are increasingly offered by higher education institutions. These programmes’ main characteristic and greatest challenge is their integration of academic and vocational learning. So far, this challenge has frequently been stated without specifying its exact nature and consequences for learners. The present study addresses this pedagogical research gap and examines the extent of variation in the degree of integration among dual study programmes. With reference to curriculum theory, the study develops an empirical typology of curricular integration in dual programmes. The data sample consists of 152 programmes at (dual) universities and universities of applied sciences. Data is analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results indicate that the currently prevailing forms of curricular integration should best be differentiated according to five types. The five overlapping types of integration are located on a continuum ranging from parallelism through organisational linking to full curricular integration targeted immediately at students’ personal integration. The analysis confirms that there are problems with complying with integration standards set on the policy level. Above all, the study offers new insights on what marks the diverse integration landscape of dual study programmes. It proves that approaches to integration are more differentiated than previous research has shown.}}, author = {{Mordhorst, Lisa and Jenert, Tobias}}, issn = {{0018-1560}}, journal = {{Higher Education}}, keywords = {{Dual study programmes · Curricular integration · Curriculum theory · Empirical typology · Cluster analysis · Germany}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{1257--1279}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Curricular integration of academic and vocational education: a theory-based empirical typology of dual study programmes in Germany}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10734-022-00889-7}}, volume = {{85}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{24079, abstract = {{In innovation management, usually there is a large number of product ideas, not all of which meet the requirements of a company and make sense to pursue further. For selecting the most promising ideas, several methods exist which each focus on a certain aspect. Due to the characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) such as limited resources, these enterprises have special requirements on methods for selecting ideas. In this study, criteria of SMEs for idea selection are deducted from SME-characteristics. Methods for idea selection are tested for fulfillment of these criteria and the results are combined in a matrix. Together with a guideline, a tool for idea selection in innovation management of SMEs is developed. The results are validated in the context of innovation management in SMEs. By selecting a method, a SME is enabled to make economically viable decisions for their product portfolio, thus ensuring sustainable economic success.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Koch, Anna-Sophie and Thiele, Henrik and Dattner, Michael}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the ISPIM Innovation Conference}}, keywords = {{innovation management, SME, evaluation method, idea selection, meta-study, idea evaluation}}, location = {{Berlin}}, publisher = {{LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications}}, title = {{{Supporting Innovation Management for SMEs: A Tool for Idea Selection}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @techreport{36060, abstract = {{Merging a sample of 492 merger and acquisition (M&A) announcements from 284 acquiring firms across Europe and North America with data from 5-year single-name credit default swaps (CDSs) written on stock-listed acquiring firms between 2005 and 2018, the paper at hand empirically analyzes the CDS investors’ risk perceptions of M&A announcements using event study methodologies. As a baseline result, we provide evidence for significantly positive cumulative average abnormal CDS spread changes for both, European and North American acquirers suggesting that CDS investors perceive an increase in the acquiring firms’ credit risk exposures due to M&A announcements. Our baseline finding holds under several robustness checks, especially when controlling for the robustness of the empirical design. Moreover, results from a large variety of sensitivity analyses reveal a number of deal and firm characteristics that may explain why CDS investors from our sample expect an increase in the acquirers’ credit risk exposures due to forthcoming M&A transactions. }}, author = {{Hippert, Benjamin and Uhde, André}}, keywords = {{credit default swaps, risk perception of CDS investors, mergers and acquisitions, event study}}, title = {{{CDS Investors’ Risk Perceptions of M&A Announcements}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @techreport{29313, abstract = {{Employing a unique sample of 2,849 tariff imposition announcements by and against the United States (U.S.) over the period from 2018 to 2019, this study analyzes the impact of recent tariff announcements on share prices from 859 U.S. companies. We provide evidence for negative (cumulative) average abnormal stock returns due to tariff announcements during a symmetric three-day event window. We suggest that stock market investors expect adverse impacts of tariff impositions, e.g. a decrease in the companies’ future cash flows and a threat of retaliation. The negative wealth effects are observed irrespective of whether the Trump administration announces safeguard tariffs to protect domestic firms or a retaliation is declared by foreign countries. Moreover, building several subsamples, we find that the adverse impact is mostly driven by announcements involving China and is associated with a variety of sector, tariff, trade and firm characteristics. }}, author = {{Wengerek, Sascha Tobias and Uhde, André}}, keywords = {{event study, international relations, protectionism, strategic trade policy, tariffs, trade conflict}}, title = {{{Share Price Reactions to Tariff Imposition Announcements in the Trump Era – an Event Study of the Trade Conflict}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @techreport{46540, abstract = {{Individual cognitive functioning declines over time. We seek to understand how adverse physical health shocks in older ages contribute to this development. By use of event-study methods and data from the USA, England and several countries in Continental Europe we find evidence that health shocks lead to an immediate and persistent decline in cognitive functioning. This robust finding holds in all regions representing different health insurance systems and seems to be independent of underlying individual demographic characteristics such as sex and age. We also ask whether variables that are susceptible to policy action can reduce the negative consequences of a health shock. Our results suggest that neither compulsory education nor retirement regulations moderate the effects, thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining good physical health in old age for cognitive functioning.}}, author = {{Schiele, Valentin and Schmitz, Hendrik}}, keywords = {{Cognitive decline, health shocks, retirement, education, event study}}, publisher = {{RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}}, title = {{{Understanding cognitive decline in older ages: The role of health shocks}}}, volume = {{919}}, year = {{2021}}, } @techreport{46537, abstract = {{We study effects of retirement on cognitive abilities (up to ten years after retirement) using data from 21 countries in Continental Europe, England, and the US, and exploiting early-retirement thresholds for identification. For this purpose, combines event-study estimations with the marginal treatment effect framework to allow for effect heterogeneity. This helps to decompose event-study estimates into true medium-run effects of retirement and effects driven by differential retirement preferences. Our results suggest considerable negative effects of retirement on cognitive abilities. We also detect substantial effect heterogeneity: Those who retire as early as possible are not affected while those who retire later exhibit negative effects.}}, author = {{Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal, Matthias}}, keywords = {{Cognitive abilities, retirement, event study, marginal treatment effects}}, publisher = {{RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}}, title = {{{The dynamic and heterogeneous effects of retirement on cognitive decline}}}, volume = {{918}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inbook{57884, abstract = {{Although music apps are becoming increasingly popular, there has been little research on informal music practices with apps. This article presents findings of an ongoing study on learning processes and aesthetic experiences with informal appmusic practices. In particular, it discusses the aesthetic practices (Reckwitz, 2008b) of using specific places for making music. In our grounded theory study (Charmaz, 2014) we collected data using interviews, participant observation and videography. As exemplary cases, this article presents two analyses of the use of ‘inspiring places’ and ‘safe places’. The results suggest that perceiving the atmosphere is a fundamental prerequisite for both places. Additionally, the results shed light on aesthetic aspects of mobile music making. (DIPF/Orig.)}}, author = {{Eusterbrock, Linus and Godau, Marc and Haenisch, Matthias and Krebs, Matthias and Rolle, Christian}}, booktitle = {{Musikpädagogik im Spannungsfeld von Reflexion und Intervention}}, editor = {{Hasselhorn, Johannes and Kautny, Oliver and Platz, Friedrich}}, keywords = {{Education, Ästhetik, Schul- und Bildungswesen, Informal learning, Informelles Lernen, Musical education, Musikpädagogik, Anwendung, Ästhetische Erfahrung, Grounded Theory, Längsschnittuntersuchung, Learning process, Lernprozess, Longitudinal analysis, Longitudinal study, Mobiles Gerät, Music reading, Musizieren, Erziehung}}, pages = {{155–172}}, publisher = {{Waxmann}}, title = {{{Von ’inspirierenden Orten’ und ’Safe Places’. Die ästhetische Nutzung von Orten in der Appmusikpraxis}}}, volume = {{41}}, year = {{2021}}, } @techreport{17703, abstract = {{Employing a unique sample of 2,849 tariff imposition announcements by and against the United States (U.S.) over the period from 2018 to 2019, this study analyzes the impact of recent tariff announcements on share prices from 859 U.S. companies. We provide evidence for negative (cumulative) average abnormal stock returns due to tariff announcements during a symmetric three-day event window. We suggest that stock market investors expect adverse impacts of tariff impositions, e.g. a decrease in the companies' future cash flows and a threat of retaliation. The negative wealth effects are observed irrespective of whether the Trump administration announces safeguard tariffs to protect domestic firms or a retaliation is declared by foreign countries. Moreover, building several subsamples, we find that the adverse impact is mostly driven by announcements involving China and is associated with a variety of sector, tariff, trade and firm characteristics.}}, author = {{Wengerek, Sascha Tobias}}, keywords = {{event study, international relations, protectionism, strategic trade policy, tariffs, trade conflict}}, pages = {{63}}, title = {{{Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements in the Trump era - An event study of the trade conflict}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{16249, abstract = {{Timing plays a crucial role in the context of information security investments. We regard timing in two dimensions, namely the time of announcement in relation to the time of investment and the time of announcement in relation to the time of a fundamental security incident. The financial value of information security investments is assessed by examining the relationship between the investment announcements and their stock market reaction focusing on the two time dimensions. Using an event study methodology, we found that both dimensions influence the stock market return of the investing organization. Our results indicate that (1) after fundamental security incidents in a given industry, the stock price will react more positively to a firm’s announcement of actual information security investments than to announcements of the intention to invest; (2) the stock price will react more positively to a firm’s announcements of the intention to invest after the fundamental security incident compared to before; and (3) the stock price will react more positively to a firm’s announcements of actual information security investments after the fundamental security incident compared to before. Overall, the lowest abnormal return can be expected when the intention to invest is announced before a fundamental information security incident and the highest return when actual investing after a fundamental information security incident in the respective industry.}}, author = {{Szubartowicz, Eva and Schryen, Guido}}, journal = {{Journal of Information System Security}}, keywords = {{Event Study, Information Security, Investment Announcements, Stock Price Reaction, Value of Information Security Investments}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{3 -- 31}}, publisher = {{Information Institute Publishing, Washington DC, USA}}, title = {{{Timing in Information Security: An Event Study on the Impact of Information Security Investment Announcements}}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{35300, abstract = {{Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie lehrer*innenbildende Hochschulen der Digitalisierung auf der Ebene der Überarbeitung und Anpassung von Studienordnungen begegnen können. Ziel des interdisziplinären Vorhabens ist es, ausgehend von einer Inhaltsanalyse nordrhein-westfälischer Studienordnungen einen Kriterien- bzw. Fragenkatalog zu entwickeln, der diejenigen bildungspolitischen Vorgaben zur Verankerung digitaler Kompetenz fasst, die künftigen Akkreditierungen von Studiengängen zugrunde liegen werden und der fach- und standortübergreifend eingesetzt werden kann. }}, author = {{Caruso, Carina and Martin, Alexander}}, issn = {{2219-6994}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung }}, keywords = {{Studienordnungen, Digitalisierung, Lehrer*innenbildung, Professionalisierung / study regulations, digitalisation, teacher training, professionalisation}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{195--208}}, title = {{{Anforderungen an Studienordnungen in einer digital vernetzten Welt}}}, doi = {{10.3217/zfhe-15-01/10}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{35660, abstract = {{Effective customer loyalty programs are essential for every company. Small and medium sized brick-and- mortar stores, such as bakeries, butcher and flower shops, often share a common overarching loyalty program, organized by a third-party provider. Furthermore, these small shops have limited resources and often cannot afford complex BI tools. Out of these reasons we investigated how traditional brick-and- mortar stores can benefit from an expansion of service functionalities of a loyalty card provider. To answer this question, we cooperated with a cross-industry customer loyalty program in a polycentric region. The loyalty program was transformed from simple card-based solution to a mobile app for customers and a web- application for shop owners. The new solution offers additional BI services for performing data analytics and strengthening the position of brick-and-mortar stores. Participating shops can work together in order to increase sales and align marketing campaigns. Therefore, shopping data from 12 years, 55 shops, and 19,000 customers was analyzed.}}, author = {{Kucklick, Jan-Peter and Kamm, Michael Reiner and Schneider, Johannes and vom Brocke, Jan}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}}, keywords = {{brick-and-mortar stores, business intelligence, case study, loyalty program}}, title = {{{Extending Loyalty Programs with BI Functionalities A Case Study for Brick-and-Mortar Stores}}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{35662, abstract = {{While the analysis and usage of data are increasing in importance, the application of sophisticated BI solutions in small stores is limited by available technical capabilities and financial resources. This study investigates how brick-and-mortar stores can benefit from an expansion of service functionalities of a cross-industry loyalty card provider. Digitalizing the loyalty program created new opportunities, while the analysis of shopping data of 13 years, 19,000 customers, and 55 shops empowered data-based decision support.}}, author = {{Kamm, Michael Reiner and Kucklick, Jan-Peter and Schneider, Johannes and vom Brocke, Jan}}, issn = {{1058-0530}}, journal = {{Information Systems Management}}, keywords = {{Customer loyalty, case study, brick-and-mortar stores, business intelligence, loyalty programs}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{270--286}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Data mining for small shops: Empowering brick-and-mortar stores through BI functionalities of a loyalty program1}}}, doi = {{10.1080/10580530.2020.1855486}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{48366, abstract = {{The proportion of freshmen enrolled in dual study programmes has steadily increased in recent years. From the perspective of potential students, these programmes are highly attractive because they combine types of learning that used to be largely separate at an institutional level: vocational and academic learning. In training-integrated dual study programmes, different institutional contexts, governance regimes, teaching styles and learning environments make bridging these two worlds of learning a challenge for both educators and learners. However, these programmes also allow leeway for didactic innovation, through the cooperation of different types of educational institutions and through new ways of using available didactic methods, and for establishing a new relationship between higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET). This paper positions training-integrated dual study programmes as an object of design-based research (DBR). By developing and using an extended model for the pedagogic development of HEIs, “pädagogische Hochschulentwicklung” (Brahm, Jenert, & Euler, 2016a, p. 19; Euler, 2013, p. 360), the paper systematically identifies generic educational problems in these hybrids. Based on a literature review, this paper classifies and explains the design challenges at the level of the learning environment, the study programme and the organisation. The challenges revolve mainly around the cooperation and integration of HE and VET. The paper concludes with an outlook on future DBR projects designing dual studies.}}, author = {{Mordhorst, Lisa and Gössling, Bernd}}, issn = {{2511-0667}}, journal = {{EDeR. Educational Design Research}}, keywords = {{Dual study programmes, Design challenges, Pedagogic development of HEIs, Literature review, Study programme development, DBR cycle}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky}}, title = {{{Dual Study Programmes as a Design Challenge: Identifying Areas for Improvement as a Starting Point for Interventions}}}, doi = {{10.15460/eder.4.1.1482}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2020}}, } @techreport{13146, abstract = {{Employing a sample of 492 merger and acquisition (M&A) announcements from 284 acquirers across North America and Europe between 2005 and 2018, this study analyzes the impact of M&A announcements on an acquirers abnormal CDS spread changes. We find that spreads from CDS which are written on acquirers increase by 310 bps during a symmetric five-day event window suggesting that investors expect an increase in the acquirers credit risk exposure due to M&As. Next to this baseline finding, we conduct a large variety of sensitivity analyses to gain more insight into the driving factors of the rising risk perception of CDS investors due to M&A announcements.}}, author = {{Hippert, Benjamin}}, keywords = {{credit default swaps, risk perception of CDS investors, mergers and acquisitions, event study}}, title = {{{The relationship between announcements of complete mergers and acquisitions and acquirers' abnormal CDS spread changes}}}, year = {{2019}}, }