---
_id: '11867'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'New waves of consumer-centric applications, such as voice search and voice
interaction with mobile devices and home entertainment systems, increasingly require
automatic speech recognition (ASR) to be robust to the full range of real-world
noise and other acoustic distorting conditions. Despite its practical importance,
however, the inherent links between and distinctions among the myriad of methods
for noise-robust ASR have yet to be carefully studied in order to advance the
field further. To this end, it is critical to establish a solid, consistent, and
common mathematical foundation for noise-robust ASR, which is lacking at present.
This article is intended to fill this gap and to provide a thorough overview of
modern noise-robust techniques for ASR developed over the past 30 years. We emphasize
methods that are proven to be successful and that are likely to sustain or expand
their future applicability. We distill key insights from our comprehensive overview
in this field and take a fresh look at a few old problems, which nevertheless
are still highly relevant today. Specifically, we have analyzed and categorized
a wide range of noise-robust techniques using five different criteria: 1) feature-domain
vs. model-domain processing, 2) the use of prior knowledge about the acoustic
environment distortion, 3) the use of explicit environment-distortion models,
4) deterministic vs. uncertainty processing, and 5) the use of acoustic models
trained jointly with the same feature enhancement or model adaptation process
used in the testing stage. With this taxonomy-oriented review, we equip the reader
with the insight to choose among techniques and with the awareness of the performance-complexity
tradeoffs. The pros and cons of using different noise-robust ASR techniques in
practical application scenarios are provided as a guide to interested practitioners.
The current challenges and future research directions in this field is also carefully
analyzed.'
author:
- first_name: Jinyu
full_name: Li, Jinyu
last_name: Li
- first_name: Li
full_name: Deng, Li
last_name: Deng
- first_name: Yifan
full_name: Gong, Yifan
last_name: Gong
- first_name: Reinhold
full_name: Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold
id: '242'
last_name: Haeb-Umbach
citation:
ama: Li J, Deng L, Gong Y, Haeb-Umbach R. An Overview of Noise-Robust Automatic
Speech Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing.
2014;22(4):745-777. doi:10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637
apa: Li, J., Deng, L., Gong, Y., & Haeb-Umbach, R. (2014). An Overview of Noise-Robust
Automatic Speech Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language
Processing, 22(4), 745–777. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637
bibtex: '@article{Li_Deng_Gong_Haeb-Umbach_2014, title={An Overview of Noise-Robust
Automatic Speech Recognition}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637},
number={4}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing},
author={Li, Jinyu and Deng, Li and Gong, Yifan and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}, year={2014},
pages={745–777} }'
chicago: 'Li, Jinyu, Li Deng, Yifan Gong, and Reinhold Haeb-Umbach. “An Overview
of Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition.” IEEE Transactions on Audio,
Speech and Language Processing 22, no. 4 (2014): 745–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637.'
ieee: J. Li, L. Deng, Y. Gong, and R. Haeb-Umbach, “An Overview of Noise-Robust
Automatic Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language
Processing, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 745–777, 2014.
mla: Li, Jinyu, et al. “An Overview of Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition.”
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 22, no.
4, 2014, pp. 745–77, doi:10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637.
short: J. Li, L. Deng, Y. Gong, R. Haeb-Umbach, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech
and Language Processing 22 (2014) 745–777.
date_created: 2019-07-12T05:29:47Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:51:11Z
department:
- _id: '54'
doi: 10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637
intvolume: ' 22'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Speech recognition
- compensation
- distortion modeling
- joint model training
- noise
- robustness
- uncertainty processing
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6732927
oa: '1'
page: 745-777
publication: IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing
status: public
title: An Overview of Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition
type: journal_article
user_id: '44006'
volume: 22
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '36918'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This paper presents an advanced eight levels spanning SystemC based virtual
platform methodology and framework - referred to as HeroeS 3 - providing smooth
application to platform mapping and continuous co-refinement of a virtual prototype
with its physical environment model. For heterogeneity support, various SystemC
extensions are combined covering continuous/discrete models of computation and
different communication abstractions, such as analog mixed-signal models, abstract
RTOS/HAL/middleware models, TLM bus models, and QEMU wrappers. We enable dependability
assessment by Fault Effect Modeling (FEM) at the virtual prototype in order to
avoid risking physical injury or damage. Also, simulation results are deterministic
and can be evaluated interactively or offline. We apply FEM to both the physical
environment model and the different abstractions of the virtual prototype. Currently,
we focus on sensor failures and application control flow errors.
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Becker, Markus
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Kuznik, Christoph
last_name: Kuznik
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Becker M, Kuznik C, Müller W. Fault Effect Modeling in a Heterogeneous SystemC
Based Virtual Platform Framework for Cyber Physical Systems. In: IEEE; 2014. doi:10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726'
apa: Becker, M., Kuznik, C., & Müller, W. (2014). Fault Effect Modeling in
a Heterogeneous SystemC Based Virtual Platform Framework for Cyber Physical Systems.
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Becker_Kuznik_Müller_2014, place={Berlin}, title={Fault
Effect Modeling in a Heterogeneous SystemC Based Virtual Platform Framework for
Cyber Physical Systems}, DOI={10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726},
publisher={IEEE}, author={Becker, Markus and Kuznik, Christoph and Müller, Wolfgang},
year={2014} }'
chicago: 'Becker, Markus, Christoph Kuznik, and Wolfgang Müller. “Fault Effect Modeling
in a Heterogeneous SystemC Based Virtual Platform Framework for Cyber Physical
Systems.” Berlin: IEEE, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726.'
ieee: 'M. Becker, C. Kuznik, and W. Müller, “Fault Effect Modeling in a Heterogeneous
SystemC Based Virtual Platform Framework for Cyber Physical Systems,” presented
at the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), Berlin,
2014, doi: 10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726.'
mla: Becker, Markus, et al. Fault Effect Modeling in a Heterogeneous SystemC
Based Virtual Platform Framework for Cyber Physical Systems. IEEE, 2014, doi:10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726.
short: 'M. Becker, C. Kuznik, W. Müller, in: IEEE, Berlin, 2014.'
conference:
location: Berlin
name: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)
date_created: 2023-01-16T11:57:08Z
date_updated: 2023-01-16T11:57:22Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/ICCPS.2014.6843726
keyword:
- Computational modeling
- Finite element analysis
- Prototypes
- Abstracts
- Software
- Fault tolerance
- Fault tolerant systems
language:
- iso: eng
place: Berlin
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Fault Effect Modeling in a Heterogeneous SystemC Based Virtual Platform Framework
for Cyber Physical Systems
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '4480'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The proposed paper aims to investigate the longitudinal development of students'
motivation over the first year of their studies at a business school by using
latent growth curve modeling. The study tackles the following core research questions:
How do first-year university students' intrinsic and extrinsic vary over time?
Which (motivational) factors are related to students' motivational development?
Although motivational dispositions have been analyzed extensively in previous
studies, their longitudinal development has hitherto not been examined in the
higher education context.\r\n\r\nThis longitudinal study is conducted at the University
of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The current sample includes 280 first-year students
who have been surveyed three times and who are representative of the first-year
student population.\r\n\r\nDescriptive results show that prior to their studies,
students were motivated most by intrinsic factors, however, extrinsic motivation
was also quite high. Employing latent growth curve modeling, it could be shown
that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation decline significantly over the course
of the first year (8 months).\r\n\r\nThe study contributes to motivation theory
by providing further insights into the development of academic motivation over
time. Latent growth curve modeling as a method can be well used for longitudinal
data analysis, thus, excluding measurement error from longitudinal data. Furthermore,
the study supports educational developers by determining factors influencing students'
motivational development."
author:
- first_name: Taiga
full_name: Brahm, Taiga
last_name: Brahm
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Jenert, Tobias
id: '71994'
last_name: Jenert
orcid: ' https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-5646'
citation:
ama: 'Brahm T, Jenert T. A latent growth curve analysis of Business students’ intrinsic
and extrinsic motivation. In: EARLI European Association for Research on Learning
and Instruction; 2013.'
apa: 'Brahm, T., & Jenert, T. (2013). A latent growth curve analysis of Business
students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Presented at the 15th Biennial EARLI
Conference, München: EARLI European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction.'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Brahm_Jenert_2013, title={A latent growth curve analysis
of Business students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation}, publisher={EARLI European
Association for Research on Learning and Instruction}, author={Brahm, Taiga and
Jenert, Tobias}, year={2013} }'
chicago: Brahm, Taiga, and Tobias Jenert. “A Latent Growth Curve Analysis of Business
Students’ Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation.” EARLI European Association for
Research on Learning and Instruction, 2013.
ieee: T. Brahm and T. Jenert, “A latent growth curve analysis of Business students’
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation,” presented at the 15th Biennial EARLI Conference,
München, 2013.
mla: Brahm, Taiga, and Tobias Jenert. A Latent Growth Curve Analysis of Business
Students’ Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. EARLI European Association for
Research on Learning and Instruction, 2013.
short: 'T. Brahm, T. Jenert, in: EARLI European Association for Research on Learning
and Instruction, 2013.'
conference:
end_date: 2013-08-31
location: München
name: 15th Biennial EARLI Conference
start_date: 2013-08-27
date_created: 2018-09-19T08:27:05Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:06Z
department:
- _id: '208'
- _id: '282'
extern: '1'
keyword:
- motivation
- intrinsic motivation
- extrinsic motivation
- latent growth curve modeling
- longitudinal data analysis
- ASEQ
- higher education
- studying
publisher: EARLI European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction
status: public
title: A latent growth curve analysis of Business students' intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation
type: conference
user_id: '51057'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '4699'
author:
- first_name: Jörg
full_name: Becker, Jörg
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Beverungen, Daniel
id: '59677'
last_name: Beverungen
- first_name: Ralf
full_name: Knackstedt, Ralf
last_name: Knackstedt
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Matzner, Martin
last_name: Matzner
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Müller, Oliver
id: '72849'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Pöppelbuss, Jens
last_name: Pöppelbuss
citation:
ama: 'Becker J, Beverungen D, Knackstedt R, Matzner M, Müller O, Pöppelbuss J. Designing
interaction routines in service networks: A modularity and social construction-based
approach. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. 2013;(1):17--47.'
apa: 'Becker, J., Beverungen, D., Knackstedt, R., Matzner, M., Müller, O., &
Pöppelbuss, J. (2013). Designing interaction routines in service networks: A modularity
and social construction-based approach. Scandinavian Journal of Information
Systems, (1), 17--47.'
bibtex: '@article{Becker_Beverungen_Knackstedt_Matzner_Müller_Pöppelbuss_2013, title={Designing
interaction routines in service networks: A modularity and social construction-based
approach}, number={1}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems},
author={Becker, Jörg and Beverungen, Daniel and Knackstedt, Ralf and Matzner,
Martin and Müller, Oliver and Pöppelbuss, Jens}, year={2013}, pages={17--47} }'
chicago: 'Becker, Jörg, Daniel Beverungen, Ralf Knackstedt, Martin Matzner, Oliver
Müller, and Jens Pöppelbuss. “Designing Interaction Routines in Service Networks:
A Modularity and Social Construction-Based Approach.” Scandinavian Journal
of Information Systems, no. 1 (2013): 17--47.'
ieee: 'J. Becker, D. Beverungen, R. Knackstedt, M. Matzner, O. Müller, and J. Pöppelbuss,
“Designing interaction routines in service networks: A modularity and social construction-based
approach,” Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, no. 1, pp. 17--47,
2013.'
mla: 'Becker, Jörg, et al. “Designing Interaction Routines in Service Networks:
A Modularity and Social Construction-Based Approach.” Scandinavian Journal
of Information Systems, no. 1, 2013, pp. 17--47.'
short: J. Becker, D. Beverungen, R. Knackstedt, M. Matzner, O. Müller, J. Pöppelbuss,
Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (2013) 17--47.
date_created: 2018-10-12T08:30:56Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:18Z
extern: '1'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Business process management
- Conceptual modeling
- Interaction routines
- Modular design
- Service networks
- Social construction
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://aisel.aisnet.org/sjis/vol25/iss1/2/
page: 17--47
publication: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '09050167'
status: public
title: 'Designing interaction routines in service networks: A modularity and social
construction-based approach'
type: journal_article
user_id: '72849'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '9796'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A basic autonomous system powered by a piezoelectric harvester contains three
components apart from the harvester: a fullwave rectifier, a reservoir capacitor
and an electronic device performing the primary task of the system. In this contribution,
a model describing the operation of such a system is derived. It is found that
in steady-state operation, the piezoelectric harvester experiences two alternating
load conditions due to the rectification process. These alternating load conditions
can have a significant effect on the operation of the harvester and must be considered
in the design of autonomous systems. The results also show that such an autonomous
system works efficiently if it is connected to a high impedance load and excited
by a frequency matching the anti-resonance frequency of the piezoelectric harvester.'
author:
- first_name: Waleed
full_name: Al-Ashtari, Waleed
last_name: Al-Ashtari
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Hunstig, Matthias
last_name: Hunstig
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
id: '210'
last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Sextro, Walter
id: '21220'
last_name: Sextro
citation:
ama: 'Al-Ashtari W, Hunstig M, Hemsel T, Sextro W. Characteristics of Piezoelectric
Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems. In: Proceedings of 10th International
Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications and 8th Energy Harvesting
Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013. Berichte aus dem IDS. Hannover,
Germany; 2013:159-161.'
apa: Al-Ashtari, W., Hunstig, M., Hemsel, T., & Sextro, W. (2013). Characteristics
of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems. In Proceedings of
10th International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications and 8th
Energy Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013 (pp. 159–161).
Hannover, Germany.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Al-Ashtari_Hunstig_Hemsel_Sextro_2013, place={Hannover,
Germany}, series={Berichte aus dem IDS}, title={Characteristics of Piezoelectric
Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems}, number={05/2013}, booktitle={Proceedings
of 10th International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications and
8th Energy Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013}, author={Al-Ashtari,
Waleed and Hunstig, Matthias and Hemsel, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2013},
pages={159–161}, collection={Berichte aus dem IDS} }'
chicago: Al-Ashtari, Waleed, Matthias Hunstig, Tobias Hemsel, and Walter Sextro.
“Characteristics of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems.” In
Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications
and 8th Energy Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013, 159–61.
Berichte Aus Dem IDS. Hannover, Germany, 2013.
ieee: W. Al-Ashtari, M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, and W. Sextro, “Characteristics of Piezoelectric
Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems,” in Proceedings of 10th International
Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications and 8th Energy Harvesting
Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013, 2013, no. 05/2013, pp. 159–161.
mla: Al-Ashtari, Waleed, et al. “Characteristics of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
in Autonomous Systems.” Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Piezoelectric
Materials and Applications and 8th Energy Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany,
14.-17.7.2013, no. 05/2013, 2013, pp. 159–61.
short: 'W. Al-Ashtari, M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, W. Sextro, in: Proceedings of 10th
International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications and 8th Energy
Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013, Hannover, Germany, 2013,
pp. 159–161.'
date_created: 2019-05-13T13:53:25Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:20Z
department:
- _id: '151'
issue: 05/2013
keyword:
- Energy harvesting
- harvester modeling
- load dependence
- generated voltage
language:
- iso: eng
page: 159-161
place: Hannover, Germany
publication: Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials
and Applications and 8th Energy Harvesting Workshop, Hannover, Germany, 14.-17.7.2013
quality_controlled: '1'
series_title: Berichte aus dem IDS
status: public
title: Characteristics of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Autonomous Systems
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '9797'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A model approach for wedge/wedge bonding copper wire is presented. The connection
between wire and substrate is based on a variety of physical effects, but the
dominant one is the friction based welding while applying ultrasound. Consequently,
a friction model was used to investigate the welding process. This model is built
up universal and can be used to describe the formation of micro welds in the time
variant contact area between wire and substrate. Aim of the model is to identify
the interactions between touchdown, bond normal force, ultrasonic power and bonding
time. To do so, the contact area is discretized into partial areas where a Point
Contact Model is applied. Based on this approach it is possible to simulate micro
and macro slip inside the contact area between wire and substrate. The work done
by friction force is a main criterion to define occurring micro joints which influence
the subsequent welding.
author:
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Althoff, Simon
last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Neuhaus, Jan
last_name: Neuhaus
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
id: '210'
last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Sextro, Walter
id: '21220'
last_name: Sextro
citation:
ama: 'Althoff S, Neuhaus J, Hemsel T, Sextro W. A friction based approach for modeling
wire bonding. In: IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium on Microelectronics.
Orlando (Florida), USA; 2013. doi:10.4071/isom-2013-TA67'
apa: Althoff, S., Neuhaus, J., Hemsel, T., & Sextro, W. (2013). A friction based
approach for modeling wire bonding. In IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium
on Microelectronics. Orlando (Florida), USA. https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-TA67
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Althoff_Neuhaus_Hemsel_Sextro_2013, place={Orlando (Florida),
USA}, title={A friction based approach for modeling wire bonding}, DOI={10.4071/isom-2013-TA67},
booktitle={IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium on Microelectronics}, author={Althoff,
Simon and Neuhaus, Jan and Hemsel, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2013} }'
chicago: Althoff, Simon, Jan Neuhaus, Tobias Hemsel, and Walter Sextro. “A Friction
Based Approach for Modeling Wire Bonding.” In IMAPS 2013, 46th International
Symposium on Microelectronics. Orlando (Florida), USA, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-TA67.
ieee: S. Althoff, J. Neuhaus, T. Hemsel, and W. Sextro, “A friction based approach
for modeling wire bonding,” in IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium on
Microelectronics, 2013.
mla: Althoff, Simon, et al. “A Friction Based Approach for Modeling Wire Bonding.”
IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2013, doi:10.4071/isom-2013-TA67.
short: 'S. Althoff, J. Neuhaus, T. Hemsel, W. Sextro, in: IMAPS 2013, 46th International
Symposium on Microelectronics, Orlando (Florida), USA, 2013.'
date_created: 2019-05-13T13:55:36Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:20Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.4071/isom-2013-TA67
keyword:
- Wire bonding
- friction modeling
- wire bond quality
- contact element modeling
language:
- iso: eng
place: Orlando (Florida), USA
publication: IMAPS 2013, 46th International Symposium on Microelectronics
status: public
title: A friction based approach for modeling wire bonding
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '36919'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Faced with increasing demands on energy efficiency, current electronic systems
operate according to complex power management schemes including more and more
fine-grained voltage frequency scaling and power shutdown scenarios. Consequently,
validation of the power design intent should begin as early as possible at electronic
system-level (ESL) together with first executable system specifications for integrity
tests. However, today's system-level design methodologies usually focus on the
abstraction of digital logic and time, so that typical low-power aspects cannot
be considered so far. In this paper, we present a high-level modeling approach
on top of the SystemC/TLM standard to simulate power distribution and voltage
based implications in a "loosely-timed" functional execution context. The approach
reuses legacy TLM models and prevents the need for detailed lock-step process
synchronization in contrast to existing methods. A case study derived from an
open source low-power design demonstrates the efficiency of our approach in terms
of simulation performance and testability.
author:
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Mischkalla, Fabian
last_name: Mischkalla
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Mischkalla F, Müller W. Efficient Power-Intent Validation Using “Loosely-Timed”
Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive Approach. In: IEEE; 2013. doi:10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171'
apa: 'Mischkalla, F., & Müller, W. (2013). Efficient Power-Intent Validation
Using “Loosely-Timed” Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive Approach. 23rd International
Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS). https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Mischkalla_Müller_2013, place={Karlsruhe}, title={Efficient
Power-Intent Validation Using “Loosely-Timed” Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive
Approach}, DOI={10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171},
publisher={IEEE}, author={Mischkalla, Fabian and Müller, Wolfgang}, year={2013}
}'
chicago: 'Mischkalla, Fabian, and Wolfgang Müller. “Efficient Power-Intent Validation
Using ‘Loosely-Timed’ Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive Approach.” Karlsruhe:
IEEE, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171.'
ieee: 'F. Mischkalla and W. Müller, “Efficient Power-Intent Validation Using ‘Loosely-Timed’
Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive Approach,” presented at the 23rd International
Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS), 2013,
doi: 10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171.'
mla: 'Mischkalla, Fabian, and Wolfgang Müller. Efficient Power-Intent Validation
Using “Loosely-Timed” Simulation Models: A Non-Invasive Approach. IEEE, 2013,
doi:10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171.'
short: 'F. Mischkalla, W. Müller, in: IEEE, Karlsruhe, 2013.'
conference:
name: 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and
Simulation (PATMOS)
date_created: 2023-01-16T12:08:03Z
date_updated: 2023-01-16T12:08:17Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662171
keyword:
- Time-varying systems
- Time-domain analysis
- Synchronization
- Context modeling
- Clocks
- Semantics
- Standards
language:
- iso: eng
place: Karlsruhe
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-1-4799-1170-7
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: 'Efficient Power-Intent Validation Using "Loosely-Timed" Simulation Models:
A Non-Invasive Approach'
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '9784'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Piezoelectric inertia motors use the inertia of a body to drive it by means
of a friction contact in a series of small steps. These motors can operate in
``stick-slip'' or ``slip-slip'' mode, with the fundamental frequency of the driving
signal ranging from several Hertz to more than 100 kHz. To predict the motor characteristics,
a Coulomb friction model is sufficient in many cases, but numerical simulation
requires microscopic time steps. This contribution proposes a much faster simulation
technique using one evaluation per period of the excitation signal. The proposed
technique produces results very close to those of timestep simulation for ultrasonics
inertia motors and allows direct determination of the steady-state velocity of
an inertia motor from the motion profile of the driving part. Thus it is a useful
simulation technique which can be applied in both analysis and design of inertia
motors, especially for parameter studies and optimisation.
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Hunstig, Matthias
last_name: Hunstig
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Sextro, Walter
last_name: Sextro
citation:
ama: 'Hunstig M, Hemsel T, Sextro W. An efficient simulation technique for high-frequency
piezoelectric inertia motors. In: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International.
; 2012:277-280. doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068'
apa: Hunstig, M., Hemsel, T., & Sextro, W. (2012). An efficient simulation technique
for high-frequency piezoelectric inertia motors. In Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS),
2012 IEEE International (pp. 277–280). https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Hunstig_Hemsel_Sextro_2012, title={An efficient simulation
technique for high-frequency piezoelectric inertia motors}, DOI={10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068},
booktitle={Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International}, author={Hunstig,
Matthias and Hemsel, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2012}, pages={277–280}
}'
chicago: Hunstig, Matthias, Tobias Hemsel, and Walter Sextro. “An Efficient Simulation
Technique for High-Frequency Piezoelectric Inertia Motors.” In Ultrasonics
Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International, 277–80, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068.
ieee: M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, and W. Sextro, “An efficient simulation technique for
high-frequency piezoelectric inertia motors,” in Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS),
2012 IEEE International, 2012, pp. 277–280.
mla: Hunstig, Matthias, et al. “An Efficient Simulation Technique for High-Frequency
Piezoelectric Inertia Motors.” Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International,
2012, pp. 277–80, doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068.
short: 'M. Hunstig, T. Hemsel, W. Sextro, in: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012
IEEE International, 2012, pp. 277–280.'
date_created: 2019-05-13T13:20:17Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:20Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0068
keyword:
- friction
- ultrasonic motors
- Coulomb friction model
- efficient simulation technique
- friction contact
- high-frequency piezoelectric inertia motor
- motor characteristics prediction
- numerical simulation
- slip-slip mode
- stick-slip mode
- time-step simulation
- ultrasonic inertia motor
- Acceleration
- Acoustics
- Actuators
- Computational modeling
- Friction
- Numerical models
- Steady-state
language:
- iso: eng
page: 277-280
publication: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1948-5719
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: An efficient simulation technique for high-frequency piezoelectric inertia
motors
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '45933'
author:
- first_name: J.
full_name: Karátson, J.
last_name: Karátson
- first_name: Balázs
full_name: Kovács, Balázs
id: '100441'
last_name: Kovács
orcid: 0000-0001-9872-3474
citation:
ama: Karátson J, Kovács B. Variable preconditioning in complex Hilbert space and
its application to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Computers &
Mathematics with Applications. 2012;65(3):449-459. doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021
apa: Karátson, J., & Kovács, B. (2012). Variable preconditioning in complex
Hilbert space and its application to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Computers
& Mathematics with Applications, 65(3), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021
bibtex: '@article{Karátson_Kovács_2012, title={Variable preconditioning in complex
Hilbert space and its application to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation}, volume={65},
DOI={10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021},
number={3}, journal={Computers & Mathematics with Applications}, publisher={Elsevier
BV}, author={Karátson, J. and Kovács, Balázs}, year={2012}, pages={449–459} }'
chicago: 'Karátson, J., and Balázs Kovács. “Variable Preconditioning in Complex
Hilbert Space and Its Application to the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation.” Computers
& Mathematics with Applications 65, no. 3 (2012): 449–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021.'
ieee: 'J. Karátson and B. Kovács, “Variable preconditioning in complex Hilbert space
and its application to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation,” Computers &
Mathematics with Applications, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 449–459, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021.'
mla: Karátson, J., and Balázs Kovács. “Variable Preconditioning in Complex Hilbert
Space and Its Application to the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation.” Computers
& Mathematics with Applications, vol. 65, no. 3, Elsevier BV, 2012,
pp. 449–59, doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021.
short: J. Karátson, B. Kovács, Computers & Mathematics with Applications
65 (2012) 449–459.
date_created: 2023-07-10T11:33:50Z
date_updated: 2024-04-03T09:23:54Z
department:
- _id: '841'
doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2012.04.021
intvolume: ' 65'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Computational Mathematics
- Computational Theory and Mathematics
- Modeling and Simulation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 449-459
publication: Computers & Mathematics with Applications
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0898-1221
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Variable preconditioning in complex Hilbert space and its application to the
nonlinear Schrödinger equation
type: journal_article
user_id: '100441'
volume: 65
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '37002'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: HDL-mutation based fault injection and analysis is considered as an important
coverage metric for measuring the quality of design simulation processes [20,
3, 1, 2]. In this work, we try to solve the problem of automatic simulation data
generation targeting HDL mutation faults. We follow a search based approach and
eliminate the need for symbolic execution and mathematical constraint solving
from existing work. An objective cost function is defined on the test input space
and serves the guidance of search for fault-detecting test data. This is done
by first mapping the simulation traces under a test onto a control and data flow
graph structure which is extracted from the design. Then the progress of fault
detection can be measured quantitatively on this graph to be the cost value. By
minimizing this cost we approach the target test data. The effectiveness of the
cost function is investigated under an example neighborhood search scheme. Case
study with a floating point arithmetic IP design has shown that the cost function
is able to guide effectively the search procedure towards a fault-detecting test.
The cost calculation time as the search overhead was also observed to be minor
compared to the actual design simulation time.
author:
- first_name: Tao
full_name: Xie, Tao
last_name: Xie
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Letombe, Florian
last_name: Letombe
citation:
ama: 'Xie T, Müller W, Letombe F. HDL-Mutation Based Simulation Data Generation
by Propagation Guided Search. In: Proceedings of Euromicro DSD 2011. IEEE;
2011. doi:10.1109/DSD.2011.83'
apa: Xie, T., Müller, W., & Letombe, F. (2011). HDL-Mutation Based Simulation
Data Generation by Propagation Guided Search. Proceedings of Euromicro DSD
2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD.2011.83
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Xie_Müller_Letombe_2011, place={Oulu, Finnland}, title={HDL-Mutation
Based Simulation Data Generation by Propagation Guided Search}, DOI={10.1109/DSD.2011.83},
booktitle={Proceedings of Euromicro DSD 2011}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Xie,
Tao and Müller, Wolfgang and Letombe, Florian}, year={2011} }'
chicago: 'Xie, Tao, Wolfgang Müller, and Florian Letombe. “HDL-Mutation Based Simulation
Data Generation by Propagation Guided Search.” In Proceedings of Euromicro
DSD 2011. Oulu, Finnland: IEEE, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD.2011.83.'
ieee: 'T. Xie, W. Müller, and F. Letombe, “HDL-Mutation Based Simulation Data Generation
by Propagation Guided Search,” 2011, doi: 10.1109/DSD.2011.83.'
mla: Xie, Tao, et al. “HDL-Mutation Based Simulation Data Generation by Propagation
Guided Search.” Proceedings of Euromicro DSD 2011, IEEE, 2011, doi:10.1109/DSD.2011.83.
short: 'T. Xie, W. Müller, F. Letombe, in: Proceedings of Euromicro DSD 2011, IEEE,
Oulu, Finnland, 2011.'
date_created: 2023-01-17T09:02:48Z
date_updated: 2025-02-26T14:44:15Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DSD.2011.83
keyword:
- Hardware design languages
- Cost function
- Computational modeling
- Fault detection
- Data models
- Analytical models
- Testing
language:
- iso: eng
place: Oulu, Finnland
publication: Proceedings of Euromicro DSD 2011
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-1-4577-1048-3
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: HDL-Mutation Based Simulation Data Generation by Propagation Guided Search
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '37007'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: UML is widely applied for the specification and modeling of software and some
studies have demonstrated that it is applicable for HW/SW codesign. However, in
this area there is still a big gap from UML modeling to SystemC-based verification
and synthesis environments. This paper presents an efficient approach to bridge
this gap in the context of Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC) design. We propose a framework
for the seamless integration of a customized SysML entry with code generation
for HW/SW cosimulation and high-level FPGA synthesis. For this, we extended the
SysML UML profile by SystemC and synthesis capabilities. Two case studies demonstrate
the applicability of our approach.
author:
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Mischkalla, Fabian
last_name: Mischkalla
- first_name: Da
full_name: He, Da
last_name: He
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Mischkalla F, He D, Müller W. Closing the Gap between UML-based Modeling and
Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems. In: Proceedings of DATE’10. IEEE;
2010. doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990'
apa: Mischkalla, F., He, D., & Müller, W. (2010). Closing the Gap between UML-based
Modeling and Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems. Proceedings of DATE’10.
2010 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE
2010), Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Mischkalla_He_Müller_2010, place={Dresden}, title={Closing
the Gap between UML-based Modeling and Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems},
DOI={10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’10}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Mischkalla, Fabian
and He, Da and Müller, Wolfgang}, year={2010} }'
chicago: 'Mischkalla, Fabian, Da He, and Wolfgang Müller. “Closing the Gap between
UML-Based Modeling and Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems.” In Proceedings
of DATE’10. Dresden: IEEE, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990.'
ieee: 'F. Mischkalla, D. He, and W. Müller, “Closing the Gap between UML-based Modeling
and Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems,” presented at the 2010 Design, Automation
& Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010), Dresden, 2010, doi:
10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990.'
mla: Mischkalla, Fabian, et al. “Closing the Gap between UML-Based Modeling and
Simulation of Combined HW/SW Systems.” Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, 2010,
doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990.
short: 'F. Mischkalla, D. He, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, Dresden,
2010.'
conference:
location: Dresden
name: 2010 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010)
date_created: 2023-01-17T09:12:35Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T09:12:44Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5456990
keyword:
- Unified modeling language
- Field programmable gate arrays
- Bridges
- Helium
- Real time systems
- Operating systems
- Documentation
- Application software
- XML
- Space exploration
language:
- iso: eng
place: Dresden
publication: Proceedings of DATE’10
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-3-9810801-6-2
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Closing the Gap between UML-based Modeling and Simulation of Combined HW/SW
Systems
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '37037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Today we can identify a big gap between requirement specification and the
generation of test environments. This article extends the Classification Tree
Method for Embedded Systems (CTM/ES) to fill this gap by new concepts for the
precise specification of stimuli for operational ranges of continuous control
systems. It introduces novel means for continuous acceptance criteria definition
and for functional coverage definition.
author:
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Krupp, Alexander
last_name: Krupp
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Krupp A, Müller W. A Systematic Approach to Combined HW/SW System Test. In:
Proceedings of DATE’10. IEEE; 2010. doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186'
apa: Krupp, A., & Müller, W. (2010). A Systematic Approach to Combined HW/SW
System Test. Proceedings of DATE’10. Design, Automation & Test in Europe
Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010), Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krupp_Müller_2010, place={Dresden}, title={A Systematic
Approach to Combined HW/SW System Test}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’10}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Krupp, Alexander
and Müller, Wolfgang}, year={2010} }'
chicago: 'Krupp, Alexander, and Wolfgang Müller. “A Systematic Approach to Combined
HW/SW System Test.” In Proceedings of DATE’10. Dresden: IEEE, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186.'
ieee: 'A. Krupp and W. Müller, “A Systematic Approach to Combined HW/SW System Test,”
presented at the Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
(DATE 2010), Dresden, 2010, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186.'
mla: Krupp, Alexander, and Wolfgang Müller. “A Systematic Approach to Combined HW/SW
System Test.” Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, 2010, doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186.
short: 'A. Krupp, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, Dresden, 2010.'
conference:
location: Dresden
name: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010)
date_created: 2023-01-17T10:41:15Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T10:41:25Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5457186
keyword:
- System testing
- Automatic testing
- Object oriented modeling
- Classification tree analysis
- Automotive engineering
- Mathematical model
- Embedded system
- Control systems
- Electronic equipment testing
- Software testing
language:
- iso: eng
place: Dresden
publication: Proceedings of DATE’10
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: A Systematic Approach to Combined HW/SW System Test
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '37040'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Refinement of untimed TLM models into a timed HW/SW platform is a step by
step design process which is a trade-off between timing accuracy of the used models
and correct estimation of the final timing performance. The use of an RTOS on
the target platform is mandatory in the case real-time properties must be guaranteed.
Thus, the question is when the RTOS must be introduced in this step by step refinement
process. This paper proposes a four-level RTOS-aware refinement methodology that,
starting from an untimed TLM SystemC description of the whole system, progressively
introduce HW/SW partitioning, timing, device driver and RTOS functionalities,
till to obtain an accurate model of the final platform, where SW tasks run upon
an RTOS hosted by QEMU and HW components are modeled by cycle accurate TLM descriptions.
Each refinement level allows the designer to estimate more and more accurate timing
properties, thus anticipating design decisions without being constrained to leave
timing analysis to the final step of the refinement. The effectiveness of the
methodology has been evaluated in the design of two complex platforms.
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Becker, Markus
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Giuseppe
full_name: Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe
last_name: Di Guglielmo
- first_name: Franco
full_name: Fummi, Franco
last_name: Fummi
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Graziano
full_name: Pravadelli, Graziano
last_name: Pravadelli
- first_name: Tao
full_name: Xie, Tao
last_name: Xie
citation:
ama: 'Becker M, Di Guglielmo G, Fummi F, Müller W, Pravadelli G, Xie T. RTOS-Aware
Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design. In: Proceedings of DATE’10. IEEE;
2010. doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965'
apa: Becker, M., Di Guglielmo, G., Fummi, F., Müller, W., Pravadelli, G., &
Xie, T. (2010). RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design. Proceedings
of DATE’10. Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
(DATE 2010), Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Becker_Di Guglielmo_Fummi_Müller_Pravadelli_Xie_2010, place={Dresden},
title={RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’10}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Becker, Markus and
Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe and Fummi, Franco and Müller, Wolfgang and Pravadelli,
Graziano and Xie, Tao}, year={2010} }'
chicago: 'Becker, Markus, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo, Franco Fummi, Wolfgang Müller,
Graziano Pravadelli, and Tao Xie. “RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-Based HW/SW
Design.” In Proceedings of DATE’10. Dresden: IEEE, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.'
ieee: 'M. Becker, G. Di Guglielmo, F. Fummi, W. Müller, G. Pravadelli, and T. Xie,
“RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design,” presented at the Design,
Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010), Dresden,
2010, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.'
mla: Becker, Markus, et al. “RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-Based HW/SW Design.”
Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, 2010, doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.
short: 'M. Becker, G. Di Guglielmo, F. Fummi, W. Müller, G. Pravadelli, T. Xie,
in: Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, Dresden, 2010.'
conference:
location: Dresden
name: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010)
date_created: 2023-01-17T10:47:29Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T10:47:37Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965
keyword:
- Timing
- Hardware
- Operating systems
- Process design
- Accuracy
- Standards development
- Context modeling
- Real time systems
- Communication channels
- Microprogramming
language:
- iso: eng
place: Dresden
publication: Proceedings of DATE’10
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-3-9810801-6-2
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '37057'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Many heterogeneous embedded systems, for example industrial automation and
automotive applications, require hard-real time constraints to be exhaustively
verified - which is a challenging task for the verification engineer. To cope
with complexity, verification techniques working on different abstraction levels
are best practice. SystemC is a versatile C++ based design and verification language,
offering various mechanisms and constructs required for embedded systems modeling.
Using the add-on SystemC Verification Library (SCV) elemental constrained-random
stimuli techniques may be used for verification. However, SCV has several drawbacks
such as lack of functional coverage. In this paper we present a functional coverage
library that implements parts of the IEEE 1800-2005 SystemVerilog standard and
allows capturing functional coverage throughout the design and verification process
with SystemC. Moreover, we will demonstrate the usability of the approach with
a case study working on a CAN bus model written in SystemC.
author:
- first_name: Gilles B.
full_name: Defo, Gilles B.
last_name: Defo
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Kuznik, Christoph
last_name: Kuznik
citation:
ama: 'Defo GB, Müller W, Kuznik C. Verification of a CAN Bus Model in SystemC with
Functional Coverage. In: Proceedings of SIES 2010. IEEE; 2010. doi:10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379'
apa: Defo, G. B., Müller, W., & Kuznik, C. (2010). Verification of a CAN Bus
Model in SystemC with Functional Coverage. Proceedings of SIES 2010. International
Symposium on Industrial Embedded System (SIES), Trento, Italy. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Defo_Müller_Kuznik_2010, place={ Trento, Italy}, title={Verification
of a CAN Bus Model in SystemC with Functional Coverage}, DOI={10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379},
booktitle={Proceedings of SIES 2010}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Defo, Gilles B.
and Müller, Wolfgang and Kuznik, Christoph}, year={2010} }'
chicago: 'Defo, Gilles B., Wolfgang Müller, and Christoph Kuznik. “Verification
of a CAN Bus Model in SystemC with Functional Coverage.” In Proceedings of
SIES 2010. Trento, Italy: IEEE, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379.'
ieee: 'G. B. Defo, W. Müller, and C. Kuznik, “Verification of a CAN Bus Model in
SystemC with Functional Coverage,” presented at the International Symposium on
Industrial Embedded System (SIES), Trento, Italy, 2010, doi: 10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379.'
mla: Defo, Gilles B., et al. “Verification of a CAN Bus Model in SystemC with Functional
Coverage.” Proceedings of SIES 2010, IEEE, 2010, doi:10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379.
short: 'G.B. Defo, W. Müller, C. Kuznik, in: Proceedings of SIES 2010, IEEE, Trento,
Italy, 2010.'
conference:
location: ' Trento, Italy'
name: International Symposium on Industrial Embedded System (SIES)
date_created: 2023-01-17T11:34:56Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T11:35:03Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/SIES.2010.5551379
keyword:
- Libraries
- Generators
- Transfer functions
- Monitoring
- Computational modeling
- Driver circuits
- Adaptation model
language:
- iso: eng
place: ' Trento, Italy'
publication: Proceedings of SIES 2010
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-1-4244-5841-7
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Verification of a CAN Bus Model in SystemC with Functional Coverage
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '37039'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Refinement of untimed TLM models into a timed HW/SW platform is a step by
step design process which is a trade-off between timing accuracy of the used models
and correct estimation of the final timing performance. The use of an RTOS on
the target platform is mandatory in the case real-time properties must be guaranteed.
Thus, the question is when the RTOS must be introduced in this step by step refinement
process. This paper proposes a four-level RTOS-aware refinement methodology that,
starting from an untimed TLM SystemC description of the whole system, progressively
introduce HW/SW partitioning, timing, device driver and RTOS functionalities,
till to obtain an accurate model of the final platform, where SW tasks run upon
an RTOS hosted by QEMU and HW components are modeled by cycle accurate TLM descriptions.
Each refinement level allows the designer to estimate more and more accurate timing
properties, thus anticipating design decisions without being constrained to leave
timing analysis to the final step of the refinement. The effectiveness of the
methodology has been evaluated in the design of two complex platforms.
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Becker, Markus
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Giuseppe
full_name: Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe
last_name: Di Guglielmo
- first_name: Franco
full_name: Fummi, Franco
last_name: Fummi
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Graziano
full_name: Pravadelli, Graziano
last_name: Pravadelli
- first_name: Tao
full_name: Xie, Tao
last_name: Xie
citation:
ama: 'Becker M, Di Guglielmo G, Fummi F, Müller W, Pravadelli G, Xie T. RTOS-Aware
Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design. In: Proceedings of DATE’10. IEEE;
2010. doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965'
apa: Becker, M., Di Guglielmo, G., Fummi, F., Müller, W., Pravadelli, G., &
Xie, T. (2010). RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design. Proceedings
of DATE’10. Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
(DATE 2010), Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Becker_Di Guglielmo_Fummi_Müller_Pravadelli_Xie_2010, place={Dresden},
title={RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’10}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Becker, Markus and
Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe and Fummi, Franco and Müller, Wolfgang and Pravadelli,
Graziano and Xie, Tao}, year={2010} }'
chicago: 'Becker, Markus, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo, Franco Fummi, Wolfgang Müller,
Graziano Pravadelli, and Tao Xie. “RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-Based HW/SW
Design.” In Proceedings of DATE’10. Dresden: IEEE, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.'
ieee: 'M. Becker, G. Di Guglielmo, F. Fummi, W. Müller, G. Pravadelli, and T. Xie,
“RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design,” presented at the Design,
Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010), Dresden,
2010, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.'
mla: Becker, Markus, et al. “RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-Based HW/SW Design.”
Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, 2010, doi:10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965.
short: 'M. Becker, G. Di Guglielmo, F. Fummi, W. Müller, G. Pravadelli, T. Xie,
in: Proceedings of DATE’10, IEEE, Dresden, 2010.'
conference:
location: Dresden
name: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010)
date_created: 2023-01-17T10:44:46Z
date_updated: 2025-03-12T16:39:17Z
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2010.5456965
keyword:
- Timing
- Hardware
- Operating systems
- Process design
- Accuracy
- Standards development
- Context modeling
- Real time systems
- Communication channels
- Microprogramming
language:
- iso: eng
place: Dresden
publication: Proceedings of DATE’10
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-3-9810801-6-2
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: RTOS-Aware Refinement for TLM2.0-based HW/SW Design
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '24065'
author:
- first_name: Jens
full_name: Pottebaum, Jens
id: '405'
last_name: Pottebaum
orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-2989
- first_name: Anna Maria
full_name: Japs, Anna Maria
last_name: Japs
- first_name: Stephan
full_name: Prödel, Stephan
last_name: Prödel
- first_name: Rainer
full_name: Koch, Rainer
last_name: Koch
citation:
ama: 'Pottebaum J, Japs AM, Prödel S, Koch R. Design and modeling of a domain ontology
for fire protection. In: French S, Tomaszewski B, Zobel C, eds. ISCRAM 2010
-- 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and
Management. ; 2010.'
apa: Pottebaum, J., Japs, A. M., Prödel, S., & Koch, R. (2010). Design and modeling
of a domain ontology for fire protection. In S. French, B. Tomaszewski, &
C. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th International Conference on Information
Systems for Crisis Response and Management.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Pottebaum_Japs_Prödel_Koch_2010, place={Seattle, WA}, title={Design
and modeling of a domain ontology for fire protection}, booktitle={ISCRAM 2010
-- 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and
Management}, author={Pottebaum, Jens and Japs, Anna Maria and Prödel, Stephan
and Koch, Rainer}, editor={French, Simon and Tomaszewski, Brian and Zobel, Chris},
year={2010} }'
chicago: Pottebaum, Jens, Anna Maria Japs, Stephan Prödel, and Rainer Koch. “Design
and Modeling of a Domain Ontology for Fire Protection.” In ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th
International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management,
edited by Simon French, Brian Tomaszewski, and Chris Zobel. Seattle, WA, 2010.
ieee: J. Pottebaum, A. M. Japs, S. Prödel, and R. Koch, “Design and modeling of
a domain ontology for fire protection,” in ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th International
Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, 2010.
mla: Pottebaum, Jens, et al. “Design and Modeling of a Domain Ontology for Fire
Protection.” ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th International Conference on Information Systems
for Crisis Response and Management, edited by Simon French et al., 2010.
short: 'J. Pottebaum, A.M. Japs, S. Prödel, R. Koch, in: S. French, B. Tomaszewski,
C. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th International Conference on Information Systems
for Crisis Response and Management, Seattle, WA, 2010.'
date_created: 2021-09-09T12:27:14Z
date_updated: 2026-03-31T03:52:00Z
editor:
- first_name: Simon
full_name: French, Simon
last_name: French
- first_name: Brian
full_name: Tomaszewski, Brian
last_name: Tomaszewski
- first_name: Chris
full_name: Zobel, Chris
last_name: Zobel
keyword:
- Command and control process
- Command and control systems
- Design and modeling
- Domain ontologies
- Emergency response
- Fire extinguishers
- Fire protection
- Heterogeneous domains
- Information analysis
- Information sharing
- Information systems
- Interoperability
- Ontology language
- Semantic technologies
- Semantic Web
- Semantics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://idl.iscram.org/files/pottebaum/2010/847_Pottebaum_etal2010.pdf
oa: '1'
place: Seattle, WA
publication: ISCRAM 2010 -- 7th International Conference on Information Systems for
Crisis Response and Management
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Design and modeling of a domain ontology for fire protection
type: conference
user_id: '405'
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '37067'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: IP-XACT is a well accepted standard for the exchange of IP components at Electronic
System and Register Transfer Level. Still, the creation and manipulation of these
descriptions at the XML level can be time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper,
we show that the UML can be consistently applied as an efficient and comprehensible
frontend for IP-XACT-based IP description and integration. For this, we present
an IP-XACT UML profile that enables UML-based descriptions covering the same information
as a corresponding IP-XACT description. This enables the automated generation
of IP-XACT component and design descriptions from respective UML models. In particular,
it also allows the integration of existing IPs with UML. To illustrate our approach,
we present an application example based on the IBM PowerPC Evaluation Kit.
author:
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Schattkowsky, Tim
last_name: Schattkowsky
- first_name: Tao
full_name: Xie, Tao
last_name: Xie
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Schattkowsky T, Xie T, Müller W. A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-based IP Management.
In: Proceedings of DATE’09. IEEE; 2009. doi:10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664'
apa: Schattkowsky, T., Xie, T., & Müller, W. (2009). A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-based
IP Management. Proceedings of DATE’09. Design, Automation & Test in
Europe Conference & Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Schattkowsky_Xie_Müller_2009, place={Nice, France}, title={A
UML Frontend for IP-XACT-based IP Management}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’09}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Schattkowsky, Tim
and Xie, Tao and Müller, Wolfgang}, year={2009} }'
chicago: 'Schattkowsky, Tim, Tao Xie, and Wolfgang Müller. “A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-Based
IP Management.” In Proceedings of DATE’09. Nice, France: IEEE, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664.'
ieee: 'T. Schattkowsky, T. Xie, and W. Müller, “A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-based
IP Management,” presented at the Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference
& Exhibition, 2009, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664.'
mla: Schattkowsky, Tim, et al. “A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-Based IP Management.”
Proceedings of DATE’09, IEEE, 2009, doi:10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664.
short: 'T. Schattkowsky, T. Xie, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of DATE’09, IEEE, Nice,
France, 2009.'
conference:
name: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
date_created: 2023-01-17T11:54:02Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T11:54:07Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090664
keyword:
- Unified modeling language
- XML
- Power system modeling
- Application software
- Master-slave
- Power system management
- Acceleration
- Scattering
- Software engineering
- Software standards
language:
- iso: eng
place: Nice, France
publication: Proceedings of DATE'09
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-1-4244-3781-8
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: A UML Frontend for IP-XACT-based IP Management
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '37066'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Today, mobile and embedded real-time systems have to cope with the migration
and allocation of multiple software tasks running on top of a real-time operating
system (RTOS) residing on one or multiple system processors. Abstract RTOS simulations
and timing analysis applies for fast and early estimation to configure it towards
the individual needs of the application and environment. In this context, a high
accuracy of the simulation compared to an instruction set simulation (ISS) is
of key importance. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of abstract RTOS
simulation and compare it to ISS and the behavior of the physical system. We show
that we can reach an increased accuracy of the simulation when we inject noise
into the time model. Our results indicate that it is sufficient to inject uniformly
distributed random time values to the RTOS real-time clock.
author:
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Zabel, Henning
last_name: Zabel
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
citation:
ama: 'Zabel H, Müller W. Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract
RTOS Simulation. In: Proceedings of DATE’09. ; 2009. doi:10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925'
apa: Zabel, H., & Müller, W. (2009). Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection
in Abstract RTOS Simulation. Proceedings of DATE’09. Design, Automation
& Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Zabel_Müller_2009, place={Nice, France}, title={Increased
Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract RTOS Simulation}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’09}, author={Zabel, Henning and Müller, Wolfgang},
year={2009} }'
chicago: Zabel, Henning, and Wolfgang Müller. “Increased Accuracy through Noise
Injection in Abstract RTOS Simulation.” In Proceedings of DATE’09. Nice,
France, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925.
ieee: 'H. Zabel and W. Müller, “Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract
RTOS Simulation,” presented at the Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference
& Exhibition, 2009, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925.'
mla: Zabel, Henning, and Wolfgang Müller. “Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection
in Abstract RTOS Simulation.” Proceedings of DATE’09, 2009, doi:10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925.
short: 'H. Zabel, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of DATE’09, Nice, France, 2009.'
conference:
name: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
date_created: 2023-01-17T11:51:44Z
date_updated: 2023-01-17T11:51:48Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925
keyword:
- Timing
- Analytical models
- Clocks
- Performance analysis
- Scheduling
- Operating systems
- Delay
- Real time systems
- Application software
- Context modeling
language:
- iso: eng
place: Nice, France
publication: Proceedings of DATE'09
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-1-4244-3781-8
status: public
title: Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract RTOS Simulation
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '9571'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Several positioning tasks demand translatory drive instead of rotary motion.
To achieve drives that are capable, e.g., to drive the sunroof of a car or to
lift a car''s window, multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. But in this
case many other questions arise: The electromechanical behavior of the individual
motors differs slightly, the motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the
driving parameters and the driven load, many applications need some extra power
for special cases like overcoming higher forces periodically. Thus, the bundle
of motors has to act well-organized and at last controlled to get an optimized
drive that is not oversized and costly.'
author:
- first_name: Maik
full_name: Mracek, Maik
last_name: Mracek
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
id: '210'
last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Sattel, Thomas
last_name: Sattel
- first_name: Piotr
full_name: Vasiljev, Piotr
last_name: Vasiljev
- first_name: Jörg
full_name: Wallaschek, Jörg
last_name: Wallaschek
citation:
ama: Mracek M, Hemsel T, Sattel T, Vasiljev P, Wallaschek J. Driving concepts for
bundled ultrasonic linear motors. Journal of Electroceramics. 2008;20(3-4):153-158.
doi:10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5
apa: Mracek, M., Hemsel, T., Sattel, T., Vasiljev, P., & Wallaschek, J. (2008).
Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors. Journal of Electroceramics,
20(3–4), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5
bibtex: '@article{Mracek_Hemsel_Sattel_Vasiljev_Wallaschek_2008, title={Driving
concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5},
number={3–4}, journal={Journal of Electroceramics}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Mracek,
Maik and Hemsel, Tobias and Sattel, Thomas and Vasiljev, Piotr and Wallaschek,
Jörg}, year={2008}, pages={153–158} }'
chicago: 'Mracek, Maik, Tobias Hemsel, Thomas Sattel, Piotr Vasiljev, and Jörg Wallaschek.
“Driving Concepts for Bundled Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” Journal of Electroceramics
20, no. 3–4 (2008): 153–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5.'
ieee: M. Mracek, T. Hemsel, T. Sattel, P. Vasiljev, and J. Wallaschek, “Driving
concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors,” Journal of Electroceramics,
vol. 20, no. 3–4, pp. 153–158, 2008.
mla: Mracek, Maik, et al. “Driving Concepts for Bundled Ultrasonic Linear Motors.”
Journal of Electroceramics, vol. 20, no. 3–4, Springer US, 2008, pp. 153–58,
doi:10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5.
short: M. Mracek, T. Hemsel, T. Sattel, P. Vasiljev, J. Wallaschek, Journal of Electroceramics
20 (2008) 153–158.
date_created: 2019-04-29T12:27:25Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:16Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5
intvolume: ' 20'
issue: 3-4
keyword:
- Ultrasonic linear motor
- High power
- Control
- Modeling
- Characteristics
language:
- iso: eng
page: 153-158
publication: Journal of Electroceramics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1385-3449
publisher: Springer US
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 20
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '39029'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: UML 2.0 provides a rich set of diagrams for systems documentation and specification.
Much effort has been undertaken to employ different aspects of UML for multiple
domains, mainly in the area of software systems. Considering the area of electronic
design automation, however, we currently see only very few approaches which investigate
UML for hardware design and hardware/software co-design. We present an approach
for executable UML closing the gap from system specification to its model-based
execution on reconfigurable hardware. For this purpose, we present our abstract
execution platform (AEP), which is based on a virtual machine running an executable
UML subset for embedded software and reconfigurable hardware. This subset combines
UML 2.0 classes, state-machines and sequence diagrams for a complete system specification.
We describe how these binary encoded UML specifications can be directly executed
and give the implementation of such a virtual machine on a Virtex II FPGA. Finally,
we present evaluation results comparing the AEP implementation with C code on
a C167 microcontroller.
author:
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Schattkowsky, Tim
last_name: Schattkowsky
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
id: '16243'
last_name: Müller
- first_name: Achim
full_name: Rettberg, Achim
last_name: Rettberg
citation:
ama: 'Schattkowsky T, Müller W, Rettberg A. A Model-Based Approach for Executable
Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware. In: Proceedings of DATE’05. IEEE;
2005. doi:10.1109/DATE.2005.20'
apa: Schattkowsky, T., Müller, W., & Rettberg, A. (2005). A Model-Based Approach
for Executable Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware. Proceedings of DATE’05.
https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2005.20
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Schattkowsky_Müller_Rettberg_2005, place={Munich, Germany
}, title={A Model-Based Approach for Executable Specification on Reconfigurable
Hardware}, DOI={10.1109/DATE.2005.20},
booktitle={Proceedings of DATE’05}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Schattkowsky, Tim
and Müller, Wolfgang and Rettberg, Achim}, year={2005} }'
chicago: 'Schattkowsky, Tim, Wolfgang Müller, and Achim Rettberg. “A Model-Based
Approach for Executable Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware.” In Proceedings
of DATE’05. Munich, Germany : IEEE, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2005.20.'
ieee: 'T. Schattkowsky, W. Müller, and A. Rettberg, “A Model-Based Approach for
Executable Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware,” 2005, doi: 10.1109/DATE.2005.20.'
mla: Schattkowsky, Tim, et al. “A Model-Based Approach for Executable Specification
on Reconfigurable Hardware.” Proceedings of DATE’05, IEEE, 2005, doi:10.1109/DATE.2005.20.
short: 'T. Schattkowsky, W. Müller, A. Rettberg, in: Proceedings of DATE’05, IEEE,
Munich, Germany , 2005.'
date_created: 2023-01-24T08:10:40Z
date_updated: 2023-01-24T08:10:44Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/DATE.2005.20
keyword:
- Hardware
- Unified modeling language
- Virtual machining
- Object oriented modeling
- Field programmable gate arrays
- Java
- Microcontrollers
- Embedded software
- Real time systems
- Documentation
language:
- iso: eng
place: 'Munich, Germany '
publication: Proceedings of DATE’05
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 0-7695-2288-2
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: A Model-Based Approach for Executable Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2005'
...