---
_id: '29196'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing
    technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants
    with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding
    biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features
    are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on
    Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively
    manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions.
    Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as
    well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation,
    scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures
    and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined
    based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests
    with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved
    conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international
    standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength
    and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue
    life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall,
    the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>
article_number: '122'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maxwell
  full_name: Hein, Maxwell
  id: '52771'
  last_name: Hein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3732-2236
- first_name: David
  full_name: Kokalj, David
  last_name: Kokalj
- first_name: Nelson Filipe
  full_name: Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe
  last_name: Lopes Dias
- first_name: Dominic
  full_name: Stangier, Dominic
  last_name: Stangier
- first_name: Hilke
  full_name: Oltmanns, Hilke
  last_name: Oltmanns
- first_name: Sudipta
  full_name: Pramanik, Sudipta
  last_name: Pramanik
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Kietzmann, Manfred
  last_name: Kietzmann
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  id: '48411'
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Jessica
  full_name: Meißner, Jessica
  last_name: Meißner
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Tillmann, Wolfgang
  last_name: Tillmann
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  id: '43720'
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Hein M, Kokalj D, Lopes Dias NF, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively
    Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>.
    2022;12(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>
  apa: Hein, M., Kokalj, D., Lopes Dias, N. F., Stangier, D., Oltmanns, H., Pramanik,
    S., Kietzmann, M., Hoyer, K.-P., Meißner, J., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M.
    (2022). Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated
    Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article
    122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hein_Kokalj_Lopes Dias_Stangier_Oltmanns_Pramanik_Kietzmann_Hoyer_Meißner_Tillmann_et
    al._2022, title={Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated
    Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>},
    number={1122}, journal={Metals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hein, Maxwell and
    Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns,
    Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner,
    Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Hein, Maxwell, David Kokalj, Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias, Dominic Stangier,
    Hilke Oltmanns, Sudipta Pramanik, Manfred Kietzmann, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue
    Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical
    Applications.” <i>Metals</i> 12, no. 1 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Hein <i>et al.</i>, “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications,” <i>Metals</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>.'
  mla: Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, 122, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>.
  short: M. Hein, D. Kokalj, N.F. Lopes Dias, D. Stangier, H. Oltmanns, S. Pramanik,
    M. Kietzmann, K.-P. Hoyer, J. Meißner, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Metals 12 (2022).
date_created: 2022-01-10T08:25:58Z
date_updated: 2023-04-27T16:42:19Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '158'
doi: 10.3390/met12010122
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: maxhein
  date_created: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
  file_id: '29197'
  file_name: Hein et al - 2022 - Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.pdf
  file_size: 6222748
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Materials Science
- Metals and Alloys
- laser powder bed fusion
- Ti-6Al-7Nb
- titanium alloy
- biomedical engineering
- low cycle fatigue
- microstructure
- nanostructure
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/122
oa: '1'
publication: Metals
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2075-4701
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb
  Alloy for Biomedical Applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '43720'
volume: 12
year: '2022'
...