[{"date_updated":"2026-10-14T11:46:39Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        14","article_type":"original","year":"2026","title":"Influence analysis of punch velocity on joint formation, binding mechanisms, and joint properties in clinching and self-piercing riveting","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2666-3309"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Lüder, Stephan","last_name":"Lüder","first_name":"Stephan"},{"full_name":"Schmale, Hans Christian","last_name":"Schmale","first_name":"Hans Christian"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/776858/1-s2.0-S2666330926X20015/1-s2.0-S266633092600049X/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQCSo9OWxWvUU0GifhcS3eXdrFnPiKiJx25%2FjpFcfy9gbQIgcdd4G4282SvPcxMe7ew8TnXM7F486hadUeyZXuAoYAEqvAUItP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDOrYby0ESNphXFC7tiqQBcYnLIZ26QZLhaeNazB4EHmdqOWbXXr658Q8xtQceOV%2BYdSLOVPpX6KRZHda8XhQEjV%2FStimUiNpz0ofAPJ7ikTxi%2BENjLGWmIOlowwSZxRxvvwsoCBX5vsUxNQ%2Fxka5U1F8ax2Z6Mdlyav4Tjhb4P%2FYqH3a0N8YaMHY8l143ZG7gtYpBBm7fVeDdq5XGn1Lkuk6h4KeLuCEnQ6pBBuU3zIiKPeImnyJgrTW5S6rYIoqXJBEvaY%2BxkuYahnaD8UJ3ZhrtC%2FzCmCqImHP30zVFAjJGeuI4kfgB1eSAhZVsmyX2gXDPupcP2pcE3SPZnOiLzG6CmyISZQkVchB4X5nzaH%2FPp7W267t81aFskzrY9z%2FbRbeG7JzAKRZ3e13Oq3Nyd78KG6js0elQhUD5W%2Fd735%2FflyB9FxCg%2BNT4XTc949TL5RDIyC2g62bq1sOyYYnAQkCspnuXNATE7zGNQ7lIFe1A5zNOuMRsNhTrJyjvjMj0TsxMV7EhN6Gf3MOyBRQqAI%2BXcWuiR3CxTvG54bU1fa0smEyWkKc2GkXWsuXBpHhYFl7mCeO5h7igMHZgz6ql18b9diRf4HeKgnggHiXZ6GMxyI20nFY%2Ba1ik581o6LhZytXV6IELTB5DDbJ3W0lKl%2FT%2FcU6eQCVBQ91tNF0bD3x3h3sOidIKK5L92iZzFhrxj0X7A46f3Pn6CyDl1GhCSmv0TAqj2v5x%2BPM%2BIiQqZKZ4Z8N25OXo0HOF%2Ft1NAsgiPQcy1NwwBbG1NoVZqBI9GngbY48ZpfV4nmCFocXgUP%2F%2BABEgpg41hvsJ0Poj88EONIouDWRgu%2BTFIqmd39ky7aV1GaZSy0sAPDjN1a7F%2Fzu8eqOAPIWSVYyTGvJoPWdMNTAvdYGOrEBkBFHgwBpTIKOm6%2BmDOczXmGCGpLXmuPIVwSsGnncaDhh7dz3iLJQPzaJJbG2OIX6DlYyVvcsWIbuMA5Vj4z4YiT6RQJDMXT%2B97tmEb7Ik845o6M73a4yp3gtpYTgg9YAnabMIIAgQJ4L6jNTNUMbowYC%2BED6f3AGXItYnaa2mFo3KDqzTbf773SznJiyb2zmY5DkH9EEQxBOX57T811l2R39PF9ziq%2FYF9d2f1qY%2B5zf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20261014T113744Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYQWKYMMOO%2F20261014%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=80e84c0b1c41340b7dabda02fdd8815f5284e2b626a2d8ea512c1986af1fe353&hash=6bd54e1cc4b4b5ab321d4fb58f33e91a4e3eaf2e7905d6080905698c78ae3a95&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S266633092600049X&tid=spdf-ea63527f-b42d-47ff-9dac-3cc80b742e5a&sid=12c865366c3181420b58d6d1c025b06e0217gxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=1e030f530454550350505a&rr=a4a64b3448bfe51b&cc=de","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"100421","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In mechanical joining, a wide variety of tool geometries and rivet types have been developed to meet different requirements. For example, this is due to the mechanical properties of sheet materials and the increasing number of material combinations that require joining. However, to address rising costs and sustainability demands or to react to supply chain disruptions, versatile joining processes are needed to reduce the amount of joining equipment required by adapting the process to the joining task. This study examines the influence of punch velocity on the clinching and semi-tubular self-piercing riveting processes, as well as on the binding mechanisms, joint's geometric parameters, and joint properties. The aim is to determine the relevant range of punch velocities based on material properties, such as strain rate dependence, and to assess whether punch velocity can be utilized as a control variable for versatile joining processes. To this aim, similar joints made of steel (HCT590X+Z), aluminum (EN AW-6014), and mixed joints of these materials are examined. The resulting joining forces are analyzed using force-displacement curves to evaluate the influence on the joining process. The form closure is examined using micrographs of the joints' geometric parameters. To characterize the force closure, the connection resistance is measured using the four-wire sensing method, and the load-bearing capacity is determined via a shear tensile test."}],"extern":"1","publication":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","type":"journal_article","keyword":["clinching","self-piercing riveting","punch velocity","binding mechanisms","tensile testing","non-destructive testing"],"department":[{"_id":"630"}],"date_created":"2026-10-14T11:08:14Z","status":"public","conference":{"end_date":"2025-10-17","name":"4th International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes","start_date":"2025-10-16","location":"Coimbra, Portugal"},"user_id":"104468","volume":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"67532","funded_apc":"1","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"130","name":"TRR 285:  Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten"},{"name":"TRR 285 - Project Area A","_id":"131"},{"_id":"138","name":"TRR 285 - Subproject A04"}],"citation":{"mla":"Lüder, Stephan, and Hans Christian Schmale. “Influence Analysis of Punch Velocity on Joint Formation, Binding Mechanisms, and Joint Properties in Clinching and Self-Piercing Riveting.” <i>Journal of Advanced Joining Processes</i>, vol. 14, 100421, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Lüder_Schmale_2026, title={Influence analysis of punch velocity on joint formation, binding mechanisms, and joint properties in clinching and self-piercing riveting}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>}, number={100421}, journal={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lüder, Stephan and Schmale, Hans Christian}, year={2026} }","ama":"Lüder S, Schmale HC. Influence analysis of punch velocity on joint formation, binding mechanisms, and joint properties in clinching and self-piercing riveting. <i>Journal of Advanced Joining Processes</i>. 2026;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>","ieee":"S. Lüder and H. C. Schmale, “Influence analysis of punch velocity on joint formation, binding mechanisms, and joint properties in clinching and self-piercing riveting,” <i>Journal of Advanced Joining Processes</i>, vol. 14, Art. no. 100421, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>.","apa":"Lüder, S., &#38; Schmale, H. C. (2026). Influence analysis of punch velocity on joint formation, binding mechanisms, and joint properties in clinching and self-piercing riveting. <i>Journal of Advanced Joining Processes</i>, <i>14</i>, Article 100421. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>","short":"S. Lüder, H.C. Schmale, Journal of Advanced Joining Processes 14 (2026).","chicago":"Lüder, Stephan, and Hans Christian Schmale. “Influence Analysis of Punch Velocity on Joint Formation, Binding Mechanisms, and Joint Properties in Clinching and Self-Piercing Riveting.” <i>Journal of Advanced Joining Processes</i> 14 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100421</a>."},"oa":"1"},{"article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-01-23T19:32:03Z","author":[{"first_name":"Gregor","last_name":"Reschke","full_name":"Reschke, Gregor"},{"full_name":"Köhler, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Köhler"},{"full_name":"Kupfer, Robert","last_name":"Kupfer","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Juliane","last_name":"Troschitz","full_name":"Troschitz, Juliane"},{"last_name":"Gude","first_name":"Maik","full_name":"Gude, Maik"},{"full_name":"Brosius, Alexander","last_name":"Brosius","first_name":"Alexander"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0954-4089","2041-3009"]},"title":"In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points","year":"2024","doi":"10.1177/09544089241251646","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p> Clinching is a mechanical joining technology, in which a mainly form-fit joint is created by means of local cold forming. To characterize the load-bearing behavior of such joints, they are typically analyzed destructively, for example by tensile-shear tests in combination with metallographic sections. However, both the initiation and progress of failure can only be described to a limited extent by this method. Furthermore, these tests allow only limited conclusions about clinch points under in-service loading. More purposefully, clinch points can be analyzed nondestructively by combining in-situ computed tomography (CT) and transient dynamic analysis (TDA). The TDA continuously measures the dynamic behavior of the specimen and indicates failure events like crack initiation, which then can be evaluated thoroughly by stopping the test and performing a CT scan. To qualify the TDA for this task, it is necessary to link the observed damage behavior with specific dynamic characteristics. In this work, the complementation of in-situ CT and TDA is investigated by testing a clinched single-lap tensile-shear specimen made of aluminum. The testing procedure is stepwise: at certain displacement levels, the specimen is investigated by in-situ CT and TDA. While the in-situ CT provides the location, extent, and development of the failure phenomena, the TDA uses this information to evaluate the dynamic signal and detect relevant frequency ranges, which indicate damage events. The results demonstrate, that failure initiation and progression can be analyzed efficiently by combining both measuring systems. The TDA reliably detects relevant signal changes in the monitored frequency band. By means of in-situ computed tomography, the corresponding failure phenomena can be described in detail, enhancing the understanding of the load-bearing and deformation behavior of clinch points. The concatenation of characteristic signal changes and observed failure phenomena can henceforth be transferred to analyze complex structures during operation nondestructively by TDA. </jats:p>"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","department":[{"_id":"43"},{"_id":"157"}],"keyword":["Clinching","Non-destructive testing","Transient Dynamic Analysis"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-01-23T19:21:45Z","status":"public","user_id":"98812","publisher":"SAGE Publications","_id":"58348","project":[{"_id":"133","name":"TRR 285 - C: TRR 285 - Project Area C"},{"name":"TRR 285 – C04: TRR 285 - Subproject C04","_id":"148"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Reschke, Gregor, Daniel Köhler, Robert Kupfer, Juliane Troschitz, Maik Gude, and Alexander Brosius. “In-Situ Computed Tomography and Transient Dynamic Analysis – Failure Analysis of a Single-Lap Tensile-Shear Test with Clinch Points.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646</a>.","short":"G. Reschke, D. Köhler, R. Kupfer, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, A. Brosius, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering (2024).","apa":"Reschke, G., Köhler, D., Kupfer, R., Troschitz, J., Gude, M., &#38; Brosius, A. (2024). In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646</a>","ieee":"G. Reschke, D. Köhler, R. Kupfer, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, and A. Brosius, “In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points,” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">10.1177/09544089241251646</a>.","ama":"Reschke G, Köhler D, Kupfer R, Troschitz J, Gude M, Brosius A. In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">10.1177/09544089241251646</a>","bibtex":"@article{Reschke_Köhler_Kupfer_Troschitz_Gude_Brosius_2024, title={In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">10.1177/09544089241251646</a>}, journal={Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Reschke, Gregor and Köhler, Daniel and Kupfer, Robert and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik and Brosius, Alexander}, year={2024} }","mla":"Reschke, Gregor, et al. “In-Situ Computed Tomography and Transient Dynamic Analysis – Failure Analysis of a Single-Lap Tensile-Shear Test with Clinch Points.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</i>, SAGE Publications, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241251646\">10.1177/09544089241251646</a>."},"oa":"1"},{"publication":"The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series","citation":{"short":"D. Köhler, R. Kupfer, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, in: The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022.","chicago":"Köhler, Daniel, Robert Kupfer, Juliane Troschitz, and Maik Gude. “Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes.” In <i>The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series</i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75</a>.","apa":"Köhler, D., Kupfer, R., Troschitz, J., &#38; Gude, M. (2022). Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes. In <i>The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series</i>. Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75</a>","ieee":"D. Köhler, R. Kupfer, J. Troschitz, and M. Gude, “Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes,” in <i>The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022.","ama":"Köhler D, Kupfer R, Troschitz J, Gude M. Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes. In: <i>The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series</i>. Springer International Publishing; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75\">10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{Köhler_Kupfer_Troschitz_Gude_2022, place={Cham}, title={Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75\">10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75</a>}, booktitle={The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Köhler, Daniel and Kupfer, Robert and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik}, year={2022} }","mla":"Köhler, Daniel, et al. “Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes.” <i>The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series</i>, Springer International Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75\">10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Force–displacement measurements and micrograph analyses are commonly used methods to validate numerical models of clinching processes. However, these methods often lead to resetting of elastic deformations and crack-\r\nclosing after unloading. In contrast, the in situ computed tomography (CT) can provide three-dimensional images of the clinch point under loading conditions. In this paper, the potential of the in situ investigation of a clinching process as validation method is analyzed. For the in situ testing, a tailored test set-up featuring a beryllium cylinder for load-bearing and clinching tools made from ultra-high-strength titanium and Si3N4 are used. In the experiments, the clinching of two aluminum sheets is interrupted at specific process steps in order to perform the CT scans. It is shown that in situ CT visualizes the inner geometry of the joint at high precision and that this method is suitable to validate numerical models."}],"project":[{"name":"TRR 285: TRR 285","_id":"130","grant_number":"418701707"},{"name":"TRR 285 - C: TRR 285 - Project Area C","_id":"133"},{"name":"TRR 285 – C04: TRR 285 - Subproject C04","_id":"148"}],"place":"Cham","date_created":"2022-12-05T21:06:21Z","keyword":["Clinching","Non-destructive testing","Computed tomography","In situ CT"],"type":"book_chapter","title":"Clinching in In Situ CT—A Novel Validation Method for Mechanical Joining Processes","year":"2022","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783031062117","9783031062124"],"issn":["2367-1181","2367-1696"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Köhler","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Köhler, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kupfer","full_name":"Kupfer, Robert"},{"last_name":"Troschitz","first_name":"Juliane","full_name":"Troschitz, Juliane"},{"full_name":"Gude, Maik","last_name":"Gude","first_name":"Maik"}],"date_updated":"2022-12-05T21:11:47Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"34212","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_75","user_id":"7850"}]