--- _id: '51136' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Iron oxide nanoparticles are very interesting for many applications in different industrial sectors. A promising\r\nprocess to manufacture these nanoparticles is flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). A lack of understanding of the\r\nindividual sub-processes in FSP makes it challenging to tailor nanoparticle properties. This work provides\r\ninsights into the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in a turbulent spray flame using Large Eddy Simulations\r\n(LES), which are based on a comprehensive model, including customized submodels. Highlights are the\r\nadaption of a turbulent combustion model and a bivariate hybrid method of moments for modeling nanoparticle\r\ndynamics. The work focuses on the SpraySyn burner, which is a standardized laboratory burner and was\r\noperated with a precursor-solvent mixture of ethanol and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate. For studying the\r\nrelevance of precursor chemistry, LES using an evaporation-limited precursor chemistry model is compared\r\nwith a model that includes detailed iron chemistry. A further novelty is the inclusion of adsorption in the\r\nsimulation, which defines a third model for comparison. Sufficient validation is achieved for the undoped LES\r\nusing experimental data from the literature. A strong impact of the detailed iron chemistry and adsorption\r\nis found on the precursor consumption and the aggregate and primary particle formation. Comparing the\r\nparticle diameters with experimental measurements from the literature and data generated for this work is\r\nfound unsuitable to asses the precursor chemistry model and revealed an urgent need for future experimental\r\nand numerical research. This work serves as a step forward in realizing a reliable model." citation: ama: Fröde F, Grenga T, Pitsch H, et al., eds. Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame. Elsevier; 2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191 apa: Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame. (2023). In F. Fröde, T. Grenga, H. Pitsch, S. Dupont, R. Kneer, R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, & H.-J. Schmid (Eds.), Applications in Energy and Combustion Science. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191 bibtex: '@book{Fröde_Grenga_Pitsch_Dupont_Kneer_Tischendorf_Massopo_Schmid_2023, title={Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191}, journal={Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}, publisher={Elsevier}, year={2023} }' chicago: Fröde, Fabian , Temistocle Grenga, Heinz Pitsch, Sophie Dupont, Reinhold Kneer, Ricardo Tischendorf, Orlando Massopo, and Hans-Joachim Schmid, eds. Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science. Elsevier, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191. ieee: F. Fröde et al., Eds., Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame. Elsevier, 2023. mla: Fröde, Fabian, et al., editors. “Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame.” Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, Elsevier, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191. short: F. Fröde, T. Grenga, H. Pitsch, S. Dupont, R. Kneer, R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, eds., Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame, Elsevier, 2023. date_created: 2024-02-05T12:17:35Z date_updated: 2024-02-05T12:38:43Z department: - _id: '150' doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191 editor: - first_name: 'Fabian ' full_name: 'Fröde, Fabian ' last_name: Fröde - first_name: 'Temistocle ' full_name: 'Grenga, Temistocle ' last_name: Grenga - first_name: 'Heinz ' full_name: 'Pitsch, Heinz ' last_name: Pitsch - first_name: Sophie full_name: Dupont, Sophie last_name: Dupont - first_name: Reinhold full_name: Kneer, Reinhold last_name: Kneer - first_name: Ricardo full_name: Tischendorf, Ricardo id: '67002' last_name: Tischendorf - first_name: Orlando full_name: Massopo, Orlando id: '98419' last_name: Massopo - first_name: Hans-Joachim full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim id: '464' last_name: Schmid orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921 has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Flame spray pyrolysis - Iron oxide formation - Large eddy simulation - Method of moments - SpraySyn language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23000808 publication: Applications in Energy and Combustion Science publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier status: public title: Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame type: journal_editor user_id: '98419' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '30917' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We study lobby group formation in a two-stage model where the players \x1Crst form lobby\r\ngroups that then engage in a rent-seeking contest to in\x1Duence the legislator. However, the\r\noutcome of the contest a\eects all players according to the ideological distance between the\r\nimplemented policy and the players' preferences. The players can either lobby by themselves,\r\nform a coalition of lobbyists or free ride. We \x1Cnd that free coalition formation is reasonable\r\nif either players with moderate preferences face lobby groups with extreme preferences, or if\r\nthere are two opposing coalitions with an equal number of members. Otherwise, there are\r\nalways free riders among the players." article_type: original author: - first_name: Lukas full_name: Block, Lukas id: '22527' last_name: Block citation: ama: Block L. Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests. Quick And Easy Journal Title. Published online 2022. apa: Block, L. (2022). Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests. Quick And Easy Journal Title. bibtex: '@article{Block_2022, title={Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests}, journal={Quick And Easy Journal Title}, author={Block, Lukas}, year={2022} }' chicago: Block, Lukas. “Coalition Formation versus Free Riding in Rent-Seeking Contests.” Quick And Easy Journal Title, 2022. ieee: L. Block, “Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests,” Quick And Easy Journal Title, 2022. mla: Block, Lukas. “Coalition Formation versus Free Riding in Rent-Seeking Contests.” Quick And Easy Journal Title, 2022. short: L. Block, Quick And Easy Journal Title (2022). date_created: 2022-04-19T15:06:55Z date_updated: 2022-04-19T15:09:44Z ddc: - '330' file: - access_level: open_access content_type: application/pdf creator: lblock date_created: 2022-04-19T15:06:49Z date_updated: 2022-04-19T15:06:49Z file_id: '30918' file_name: Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests.pdf file_size: 270316 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2022-04-19T15:06:49Z has_accepted_license: '1' jel: - C71 - D72 - D74 keyword: - Group formation - Rent-seeking - Free riding language: - iso: eng oa: '1' publication: Quick And Easy Journal Title status: public title: Coalition formation versus free riding in rent-seeking contests type: journal_article user_id: '22527' year: '2022' ... --- _id: '29803' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Ultrasonic wire bonding is a solid-state joining process used to form electrical interconnections in micro and\r\npower electronics and batteries. A high frequency oscillation causes a metallurgical bond deformation in\r\nthe contact area. Due to the numerous physical influencing factors, it is very difficult to accurately capture\r\nthis process in a model. Therefore, our goal is to determine a suitable feed-forward control strategy for the\r\nbonding process even without detailed model knowledge. We propose the use of batch constrained Bayesian\r\noptimization for the control design. Hence, Bayesian optimization is precisely adapted to the application of\r\nbonding: the constraint is used to check one quality feature of the process and the use of batches leads to\r\nmore efficient experiments. Our approach is suitable to determine a feed-forward control for the bonding\r\nprocess that provides very high quality bonds without using a physical model. We also show that the quality\r\nof the Bayesian optimization based control outperforms random search as well as manual search by a user.\r\nUsing a simple prior knowledge model derived from data further improves the quality of the connection.\r\nThe Bayesian optimization approach offers the possibility to perform a sensitivity analysis of the control\r\nparameters, which allows to evaluate the influence of each control parameter on the bond quality. In summary,\r\nBayesian optimization applied to the bonding process provides an excellent opportunity to develop a feedforward\r\ncontrol without full modeling of the underlying physical processes." author: - first_name: Michael full_name: Hesse, Michael id: '29222' last_name: Hesse - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hunstig, Matthias last_name: Hunstig - first_name: Julia full_name: Timmermann, Julia id: '15402' last_name: Timmermann - first_name: Ansgar full_name: Trächtler, Ansgar id: '552' last_name: Trächtler citation: ama: 'Hesse M, Hunstig M, Timmermann J, Trächtler A. Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-forward Control Design. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM). ; 2022:383-394.' apa: Hesse, M., Hunstig, M., Timmermann, J., & Trächtler, A. (2022). Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-forward Control Design. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM), 383–394. bibtex: '@inproceedings{Hesse_Hunstig_Timmermann_Trächtler_2022, title={Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-forward Control Design}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM)}, author={Hesse, Michael and Hunstig, Matthias and Timmermann, Julia and Trächtler, Ansgar}, year={2022}, pages={383–394} }' chicago: Hesse, Michael, Matthias Hunstig, Julia Timmermann, and Ansgar Trächtler. “Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-Forward Control Design.” In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM), 383–94, 2022. ieee: M. Hesse, M. Hunstig, J. Timmermann, and A. Trächtler, “Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-forward Control Design,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM), Online, 2022, pp. 383–394. mla: Hesse, Michael, et al. “Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-Forward Control Design.” Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM), 2022, pp. 383–94. short: 'M. Hesse, M. Hunstig, J. Timmermann, A. Trächtler, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM), 2022, pp. 383–394.' conference: end_date: 2022-02-05 location: Online name: 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods start_date: 2022-02-03 date_created: 2022-02-09T12:50:25Z date_updated: 2023-11-06T15:17:12Z department: - _id: '153' keyword: - Bayesian optimization - Wire bonding - Feed-forward control - model-free design language: - iso: eng page: 383-394 publication: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods (ICPRAM) publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-989-758-549-4 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Batch Constrained Bayesian Optimization for UltrasonicWire Bonding Feed-forward Control Design type: conference user_id: '29222' year: '2022' ... --- _id: '25212' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Finding a good query plan is key to the optimization of query runtime. This holds in particular for cost-based federation\r\nengines, which make use of cardinality estimations to achieve this goal. A number of studies compare SPARQL federation engines across different performance metrics, including query runtime, result set completeness and correctness, number of sources selected and number of requests sent. Albeit informative, these metrics are generic and unable to quantify and evaluate the accuracy of the cardinality estimators of cost-based federation engines. To thoroughly evaluate cost-based federation engines, the effect of estimated cardinality errors on the overall query runtime performance must be measured. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting novel evaluation metrics targeted at a fine-grained benchmarking of cost-based federated SPARQL query engines. We evaluate five cost-based federated SPARQL query engines using existing as well as novel evaluation metrics by using LargeRDFBench queries. Our results provide a detailed analysis of the experimental outcomes that reveal novel insights, useful for the development of future cost-based federated SPARQL query processing engines." article_type: original author: - first_name: Umair full_name: Qudus, Umair id: '83392' last_name: Qudus - first_name: Muhammad full_name: Saleem, Muhammad last_name: Saleem - first_name: Axel-Cyrille full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille id: '65716' last_name: Ngonga Ngomo - first_name: Young-Koo full_name: Lee, Young-Koo last_name: Lee citation: ama: Qudus U, Saleem M, Ngonga Ngomo A-C, Lee Y-K. An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines. Semantic Web. 12(6):843-868. doi:10.3233/SW-200420 apa: Qudus, U., Saleem, M., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., & Lee, Y.-K. (n.d.). An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines. Semantic Web, 12(6), 843–868. https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-200420 bibtex: '@article{Qudus_Saleem_Ngonga Ngomo_Lee, title={An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines}, volume={12}, DOI={10.3233/SW-200420}, number={6}, journal={Semantic Web}, publisher={ISO Press}, author={Qudus, Umair and Saleem, Muhammad and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Lee, Young-Koo}, pages={843–868} }' chicago: 'Qudus, Umair, Muhammad Saleem, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, and Young-Koo Lee. “An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-Based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines.” Semantic Web 12, no. 6 (n.d.): 843–68. https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-200420.' ieee: 'U. Qudus, M. Saleem, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, and Y.-K. Lee, “An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines,” Semantic Web, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 843–868, doi: 10.3233/SW-200420.' mla: Qudus, Umair, et al. “An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-Based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines.” Semantic Web, vol. 12, no. 6, ISO Press, pp. 843–68, doi:10.3233/SW-200420. short: U. Qudus, M. Saleem, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, Y.-K. Lee, Semantic Web 12 (n.d.) 843–868. date_created: 2021-10-01T06:52:52Z date_updated: 2024-01-13T11:40:25Z ddc: - '000' department: - _id: '574' doi: 10.3233/SW-200420 file: - access_level: closed content_type: application/pdf creator: uqudus date_created: 2024-01-13T11:35:53Z date_updated: 2024-01-13T11:35:53Z file_id: '50483' file_name: swj2604.pdf file_size: 978478 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-01-13T11:35:53Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 12' issue: '6' keyword: - SPARQL - benchmarking - cost-based - cost-free - federated - querying language: - iso: eng page: 843-868 project: - _id: '410' grant_number: '860801' name: 'KnowGraphs: KnowGraphs: Knowledge Graphs at Scale' publication: Semantic Web publication_identifier: issn: - 2210-4968 publication_status: accepted publisher: ISO Press status: public title: An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-based Federated SPARQL Query Processing Engines type: journal_article user_id: '83392' volume: 12 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '4947' abstract: - lang: eng text: Manufacturers increasingly integrate information and communication technologies into their products so that they can provide IT-based services. Organizations that formerly concentrated on transactional sales thus confront a new challenge associated with managing service usage—retention and extracting value from investments in smart technology. This study combines a marketing and an information systems perspective in a field study conducted jointly with a large European car manufacturer. Understanding the renewal decision for IT-based service contracts requires knowledge from both disciplines. The paper shows that combining behavioral predictor variables stemming from marketing research and technology-related perceptual variables stemming from technology acceptance research increases the explanatory power and prediction accuracy of forecasting models for customer renewal decisions. Specifically, the authors show that perceptions of usefulness become more important the longer customers use IT-based services and the more services they use within the service contract. article_type: original author: - first_name: Florian v full_name: Wangenheim, Florian v last_name: Wangenheim - first_name: Nancy full_name: Wünderlich, Nancy id: '36392' last_name: Wünderlich - first_name: Jan H full_name: Schumann, Jan H last_name: Schumann citation: ama: Wangenheim F v, Wünderlich N, Schumann JH. Renew or cancel? Drivers of customer renewal decisions for IT-based service contracts. Journal of Business Research. 2017;(79):181--188. apa: Wangenheim, F. v, Wünderlich, N., & Schumann, J. H. (2017). Renew or cancel? Drivers of customer renewal decisions for IT-based service contracts. Journal of Business Research, (79), 181--188. bibtex: '@article{Wangenheim_Wünderlich_Schumann_2017, title={Renew or cancel? Drivers of customer renewal decisions for IT-based service contracts}, number={79}, journal={Journal of Business Research}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Wangenheim, Florian v and Wünderlich, Nancy and Schumann, Jan H}, year={2017}, pages={181--188} }' chicago: 'Wangenheim, Florian v, Nancy Wünderlich, and Jan H Schumann. “Renew or Cancel? Drivers of Customer Renewal Decisions for IT-Based Service Contracts.” Journal of Business Research, no. 79 (2017): 181--188.' ieee: F. v Wangenheim, N. Wünderlich, and J. H. Schumann, “Renew or cancel? Drivers of customer renewal decisions for IT-based service contracts,” Journal of Business Research, no. 79, pp. 181--188, 2017. mla: Wangenheim, Florian v, et al. “Renew or Cancel? Drivers of Customer Renewal Decisions for IT-Based Service Contracts.” Journal of Business Research, no. 79, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 181--188. short: F. v Wangenheim, N. Wünderlich, J.H. Schumann, Journal of Business Research (2017) 181--188. date_created: 2018-10-26T10:11:34Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:30Z department: - _id: '178' - _id: '181' issue: '79' keyword: - IT-based service - Smart services - Contract renewal - Retention - Customer churn - Free trial language: - iso: eng page: 181--188 publication: Journal of Business Research publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier status: public title: Renew or cancel? Drivers of customer renewal decisions for IT-based service contracts type: journal_article user_id: '37741' year: '2017' ... --- _id: '13187' abstract: - lang: eng text: Abstract The reaction of Cu(I) bisguanidine complexes with nitric oxide and the formation of intermediate species were monitored via UV-vis spectroscopy at low temperature, with the occurrence of characteristic absorption bands. The origin of the emerging species and their character were substantiated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) studies showing a delocalized {CuNO}11 radical species. Furthermore, this system was transferred to the SuperFocus mixer setup, which allows rapid mixing and the determination of decay constants at ambient temperatures of the thermally sensitive species. However, these experiments demonstrated the limits of these systems, such as the NO saturation in organic solvents and a preferably precise temperature control within the SuperFocus mixer, which should be addressed in the future. author: - first_name: Alexander full_name: Oppermann, Alexander last_name: Oppermann - first_name: Larissa full_name: Laurini, Larissa last_name: Laurini - first_name: Fabian full_name: Etscheidt, Fabian last_name: Etscheidt - first_name: Katharina full_name: Hollmann, Katharina last_name: Hollmann - first_name: Florian full_name: Strassl, Florian last_name: Strassl - first_name: Alexander full_name: Hoffmann, Alexander last_name: Hoffmann - first_name: Daniela full_name: Schurr, Daniela last_name: Schurr - first_name: Roland full_name: Dittmeyer, Roland last_name: Dittmeyer - first_name: Günter full_name: Rinke, Günter last_name: Rinke - first_name: Sonja full_name: Herres-Pawlis, Sonja last_name: Herres-Pawlis citation: ama: Oppermann A, Laurini L, Etscheidt F, et al. Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer. Chemical Engineering \& Technology. 2017;40(8):1475-1483. doi:10.1002/ceat.201600691 apa: Oppermann, A., Laurini, L., Etscheidt, F., Hollmann, K., Strassl, F., Hoffmann, A., … Herres-Pawlis, S. (2017). Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer. Chemical Engineering \& Technology, 40(8), 1475–1483. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600691 bibtex: '@article{Oppermann_Laurini_Etscheidt_Hollmann_Strassl_Hoffmann_Schurr_Dittmeyer_Rinke_Herres-Pawlis_2017, title={Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer}, volume={40}, DOI={10.1002/ceat.201600691}, number={8}, journal={Chemical Engineering \& Technology}, author={Oppermann, Alexander and Laurini, Larissa and Etscheidt, Fabian and Hollmann, Katharina and Strassl, Florian and Hoffmann, Alexander and Schurr, Daniela and Dittmeyer, Roland and Rinke, Günter and Herres-Pawlis, Sonja}, year={2017}, pages={1475–1483} }' chicago: 'Oppermann, Alexander, Larissa Laurini, Fabian Etscheidt, Katharina Hollmann, Florian Strassl, Alexander Hoffmann, Daniela Schurr, Roland Dittmeyer, Günter Rinke, and Sonja Herres-Pawlis. “Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer.” Chemical Engineering \& Technology 40, no. 8 (2017): 1475–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600691.' ieee: A. Oppermann et al., “Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer,” Chemical Engineering \& Technology, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1475–1483, 2017. mla: Oppermann, Alexander, et al. “Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer.” Chemical Engineering \& Technology, vol. 40, no. 8, 2017, pp. 1475–83, doi:10.1002/ceat.201600691. short: A. Oppermann, L. Laurini, F. Etscheidt, K. Hollmann, F. Strassl, A. Hoffmann, D. Schurr, R. Dittmeyer, G. Rinke, S. Herres-Pawlis, Chemical Engineering \& Technology 40 (2017) 1475–1483. date_created: 2019-09-11T11:01:30Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:51:30Z doi: 10.1002/ceat.201600691 intvolume: ' 40' issue: '8' keyword: - Copper guanidine complexes - Nitric oxide - SuperFocus mixer language: - iso: eng page: 1475-1483 project: - _id: '52' name: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing publication: Chemical Engineering \& Technology status: public title: Detection of Copper Bisguanidine NO Adducts by UV-vis Spectroscopy and a SuperFocus Mixer type: journal_article user_id: '40778' volume: 40 year: '2017' ... --- _id: '9959' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ultrasonic heavy wire bonding is a commonly used technology to conduct electrical devices in power electronics. In order to facilitate powerful solutions combined with an increased efficiency, involving a material change from aluminum to copper wire as conductor material takes place in recent years. Due to the material related properties, copper wire bonding requires significant higher bond processing parameters such as bond force and ultrasonic power compared to aluminum which can lead to damages or a failure of the bonded component. Therefore, a profound knowledge of the processes prevailing during wire bonding is essential to optimize the application of the copper wires and consequently to achieve the demands on quality and reliability. The behavior of different natural surface oxides of aluminum and copper are assumed to be one reason for the deviation in the required bond parameters. Accordingly, the impact of differently pre-treated substrates surfaces on which the bonding is applied were investigated in this study. First, all conditions investigated (as-received, oxidefree, AlOx and the CuOx) were characterized by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, focused ion beam microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, hardness tests were performed as well as perthometer measurements. Afterwards, a 500 $\mu$ m copper wire was bonded on the generated surfaces investigated. In consideration of the roughness, shear test of various bond times and microscopic images were evaluated. Finally, the results were compared and discussed. Overall, the current study indicates that an Al-oxide layer is beneficial for welding process in Cu wire bonding. On the contrary, the Cu-oxide is detrimental and leads to a delayed welding of the joining parts. Based on the obtained results, it can be expected that due to an ideal set of Al-oxide layers, lower optimal bond parameters can used to reach high bond strength with good reliability properties. author: - first_name: Florian full_name: Eacock, Florian last_name: Eacock - first_name: Andreas full_name: Unger, Andreas last_name: Unger - first_name: Paul full_name: Eichwald, Paul last_name: Eichwald - first_name: Olexandr full_name: Grydin, Olexandr last_name: Grydin - first_name: Florian full_name: Hengsbach, Florian last_name: Hengsbach - first_name: Simon full_name: Althoff, Simon last_name: Althoff - first_name: Mirko full_name: Schaper, Mirko last_name: Schaper - first_name: Karsten full_name: Guth, Karsten last_name: Guth citation: ama: 'Eacock F, Unger A, Eichwald P, et al. Effect of different oxide layers on the ultrasonic copper wire bond process. In: IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. ; 2016:2111-2118. doi:10.1109/ECTC.2016.91' apa: Eacock, F., Unger, A., Eichwald, P., Grydin, O., Hengsbach, F., Althoff, S., … Guth, K. (2016). Effect of different oxide layers on the ultrasonic copper wire bond process. In IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (pp. 2111–2118). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2016.91 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Eacock_Unger_Eichwald_Grydin_Hengsbach_Althoff_Schaper_Guth_2016, title={Effect of different oxide layers on the ultrasonic copper wire bond process}, DOI={10.1109/ECTC.2016.91}, booktitle={IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference}, author={Eacock, Florian and Unger, Andreas and Eichwald, Paul and Grydin, Olexandr and Hengsbach, Florian and Althoff, Simon and Schaper, Mirko and Guth, Karsten}, year={2016}, pages={2111–2118} }' chicago: Eacock, Florian, Andreas Unger, Paul Eichwald, Olexandr Grydin, Florian Hengsbach, Simon Althoff, Mirko Schaper, and Karsten Guth. “Effect of Different Oxide Layers on the Ultrasonic Copper Wire Bond Process.” In IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2111–18, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2016.91. ieee: F. Eacock et al., “Effect of different oxide layers on the ultrasonic copper wire bond process,” in IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2016, pp. 2111–2118. mla: Eacock, Florian, et al. “Effect of Different Oxide Layers on the Ultrasonic Copper Wire Bond Process.” IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2016, pp. 2111–18, doi:10.1109/ECTC.2016.91. short: 'F. Eacock, A. Unger, P. Eichwald, O. Grydin, F. Hengsbach, S. Althoff, M. Schaper, K. Guth, in: IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2016, pp. 2111–2118.' date_created: 2019-05-27T09:00:50Z date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:38:59Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.1109/ECTC.2016.91 keyword: - Ultrasonic copper wire bonding - Al-oxide - Cuoxide - oxide-free - roughness - morphology language: - iso: eng page: 2111-2118 publication: IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Effect of different oxide layers on the ultrasonic copper wire bond process type: conference user_id: '55222' year: '2016' ... --- _id: '9878' abstract: - lang: eng text: (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics have attracted much attention as lead-free piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric properties. High-quality (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics can be sintered using KNbO3 and NaNbO3 powders synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In this study, to enhance the quality factor of the ceramics, high-power ultrasonic irradiation was employed during the hydrothermal method, which led to a reduction in the particle size of the resultant powders. author: - first_name: G. full_name: Isobe, G. last_name: Isobe - first_name: Takafumi full_name: Maeda, Takafumi last_name: Maeda - first_name: Peter full_name: Bornmann, Peter last_name: Bornmann - first_name: Tobias full_name: Hemsel, Tobias id: '210' last_name: Hemsel - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Morita, Takeshi last_name: Morita citation: ama: Isobe G, Maeda T, Bornmann P, Hemsel T, Morita T. Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on. 2014;61(2):225-230. doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608 apa: Isobe, G., Maeda, T., Bornmann, P., Hemsel, T., & Morita, T. (2014). Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On, 61(2), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608 bibtex: '@article{Isobe_Maeda_Bornmann_Hemsel_Morita_2014, title={Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608}, number={2}, journal={Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on}, author={Isobe, G. and Maeda, Takafumi and Bornmann, Peter and Hemsel, Tobias and Morita, Takeshi}, year={2014}, pages={225–230} }' chicago: 'Isobe, G., Takafumi Maeda, Peter Bornmann, Tobias Hemsel, and Takeshi Morita. “Synthesis of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Powders by Ultrasonic-Assisted Hydrothermal Method and Properties of Sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 Ceramics.” Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On 61, no. 2 (2014): 225–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608.' ieee: G. Isobe, T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and T. Morita, “Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics,” Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 225–230, 2014. mla: Isobe, G., et al. “Synthesis of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Powders by Ultrasonic-Assisted Hydrothermal Method and Properties of Sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 Ceramics.” Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On, vol. 61, no. 2, 2014, pp. 225–30, doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608. short: G. Isobe, T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, T. Morita, Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On 61 (2014) 225–230. date_created: 2019-05-20T13:10:14Z date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:53:17Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608 intvolume: ' 61' issue: '2' keyword: - Q-factor - ceramics - crystal growth from solution - particle size - piezoelectric materials - potassium compounds - powders - sintering - sodium compounds - ultrasonic effects - (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 - KNbO3 powders - NaNbO3 powders - high-power ultrasonic irradiation - lead-free piezoelectric materials - lead-free piezoelectric powders - particle size reduction - piezoelectric properties - quality factor - sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics - sintering - ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method - Acoustics - Ceramics - Lead - Piezoelectric materials - Powders - Radiation effects - Transducers language: - iso: eng page: 225-230 publication: Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on publication_identifier: issn: - 0885-3010 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics type: journal_article user_id: '55222' volume: 61 year: '2014' ... --- _id: '9788' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'A hydrothermal method utilizes a crystallization process in the solution so that the pure and high-quality powders can be realized. Sintering from the hydrothermal KNbO3 and NaNbO3 powders, a high-dense lead-free piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics could be obtained (density: 98.8\%). Concerning about the g33 constant, high value as large as commercial PZT ceramics was measured. Therefore, the hydrothermal (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics is usable for the sensors and the energy harvesting devices. To demonstrate the (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics, a hydrophone sensor was fabricated and evaluated.' author: - first_name: Takafumi full_name: Maeda, Takafumi last_name: Maeda - first_name: Peter full_name: Bornmann, Peter last_name: Bornmann - first_name: Tobias full_name: Hemsel, Tobias id: '210' last_name: Hemsel - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Morita, Takeshi last_name: Morita citation: ama: 'Maeda T, Bornmann P, Hemsel T, Morita T. Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics. In: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International. ; 2012:194-195. doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048' apa: Maeda, T., Bornmann, P., Hemsel, T., & Morita, T. (2012). Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics. In Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International (pp. 194–195). https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Maeda_Bornmann_Hemsel_Morita_2012, title={Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics}, DOI={10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048}, booktitle={Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International}, author={Maeda, Takafumi and Bornmann, Peter and Hemsel, Tobias and Morita, Takeshi}, year={2012}, pages={194–195} }' chicago: Maeda, Takafumi, Peter Bornmann, Tobias Hemsel, and Takeshi Morita. “Piezoelectric Applications of Hydrothermal Lead-Free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 Ceramics.” In Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International, 194–95, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048. ieee: T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and T. Morita, “Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics,” in Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International, 2012, pp. 194–195. mla: Maeda, Takafumi, et al. “Piezoelectric Applications of Hydrothermal Lead-Free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 Ceramics.” Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International, 2012, pp. 194–95, doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048. short: 'T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, T. Morita, in: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International, 2012, pp. 194–195.' date_created: 2019-05-13T13:28:05Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:20Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048 keyword: - crystallisation - hydrophones - piezoceramics - potassium compounds - powder technology - powders - sensors - sintering - sodium compounds - (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 - KNbO3 powder - NaNbO3 powder - crystallization - energy harvesting devices - g33 constant - hydrophone sensor - hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics - hydrothermal method - piezoelectric applications - sintering - Materials - Transducers language: - iso: eng page: 194-195 publication: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International publication_identifier: issn: - 1948-5719 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics type: conference user_id: '55222' year: '2012' ... --- _id: '9743' abstract: - lang: eng text: The hydrothermal method enables the production of high-quality piezoelectric materials. In this study, we propose to irradiate the reaction solutions with ultrasonic power during the hydrothermal method to obtain a shorter reaction time and a smooth film surface. A high-pressure reaction container for the ultrasonic transducer was newly developed, and the ultrasonically-assisted hydrothermal method was examined by using this container. The effect of ultrasonic assist on the synthesis of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin films and (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ powders was verified. Thicker PZT film, thickness around 10 ${\mu}$m, could be obtained in one process, and (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ powder was synthesized in half the previous reaction time. author: - first_name: Ryo full_name: Ageba, Ryo last_name: Ageba - first_name: Yoichi full_name: Kadota, Yoichi last_name: Kadota - first_name: Takafumi full_name: Maeda, Takafumi last_name: Maeda - first_name: Norihito full_name: Takiguchi, Norihito last_name: Takiguchi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Morita, Takeshi last_name: Morita - first_name: Mutsuo full_name: Ishikawa, Mutsuo last_name: Ishikawa - first_name: Peter full_name: Bornmann, Peter last_name: Bornmann - first_name: Tobias full_name: Hemsel, Tobias id: '210' last_name: Hemsel citation: ama: Ageba R, Kadota Y, Maeda T, et al. Ultrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis. Journal of Korean Physical Society. 2010;57(4):918-923. doi:10.3938/jkps.57.918 apa: Ageba, R., Kadota, Y., Maeda, T., Takiguchi, N., Morita, T., Ishikawa, M., … Hemsel, T. (2010). Ultrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis. Journal of Korean Physical Society, 57(4), 918–923. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.918 bibtex: '@article{Ageba_Kadota_Maeda_Takiguchi_Morita_Ishikawa_Bornmann_Hemsel_2010, title={Ultrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis}, volume={57}, DOI={10.3938/jkps.57.918}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Korean Physical Society}, author={Ageba, Ryo and Kadota, Yoichi and Maeda, Takafumi and Takiguchi, Norihito and Morita, Takeshi and Ishikawa, Mutsuo and Bornmann, Peter and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2010}, pages={918–923} }' chicago: 'Ageba, Ryo, Yoichi Kadota, Takafumi Maeda, Norihito Takiguchi, Takeshi Morita, Mutsuo Ishikawa, Peter Bornmann, and Tobias Hemsel. “Ultrasonically-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis.” Journal of Korean Physical Society 57, no. 4 (2010): 918–23. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.918.' ieee: R. Ageba et al., “Ultrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis,” Journal of Korean Physical Society, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 918–923, 2010. mla: Ageba, Ryo, et al. “Ultrasonically-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis.” Journal of Korean Physical Society, vol. 57, no. 4, 2010, pp. 918–23, doi:10.3938/jkps.57.918. short: R. Ageba, Y. Kadota, T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, Journal of Korean Physical Society 57 (2010) 918–923. date_created: 2019-05-13T09:35:33Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.3938/jkps.57.918 intvolume: ' 57' issue: '4' keyword: - Hydrothermal method - High-power ultrasonic - PZT thin film - Lead-free piezoelectric materials language: - iso: eng page: 918-923 publication: Journal of Korean Physical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 1948-5719 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Ultrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis type: journal_article user_id: '55222' volume: 57 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '9758' abstract: - lang: eng text: As a lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ is a promising material because of its good piezoelectric properties. In this study, (K$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics were synthesized from a KNbO$_{3}$ and NaNbO$_{3}$ mixture powder prepared by the hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction enables the production of high quality powder for the ceramics fabrication process. To obtain (K$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics, these two powders KNbO$_{3}$ and NaNbO$_{3}$ were mixed and then sintered together. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the solid solution ceramics (K$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$)NbO$_{3}$ was produced by the sintering process. The K/Na ratio in (K$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics was optimized for the best piezoelectric properties. The optimized forms was (K$_{0.48}$Na$_{0.52}$)NbO$_{3}$, which showed the following piezoelectric properties; k$_{33}$=0.56, d$_{33}$=114pC/N. In addition, the ferroelectric properties, P$_{r}$=7.72mC/cm$^{2}$, E$_{c}$=857V/mm, and the Curie temperature T$_{c}$=420$_{o}$C were also measured. author: - first_name: Takafumi full_name: Maeda, Takafumi last_name: Maeda - first_name: Norihito full_name: Takiguchi, Norihito last_name: Takiguchi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Morita, Takeshi last_name: Morita - first_name: Mutsuo full_name: Ishikawa, Mutsuo last_name: Ishikawa - first_name: Tobias full_name: Hemsel, Tobias id: '210' last_name: Hemsel citation: ama: Maeda T, Takiguchi N, Morita T, Ishikawa M, Hemsel T. Hydrothermal (K1-xNax)NbO3 Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics. Journal of Korean Physical Society. 2010;57(4):924-928. doi:10.3938/jkps.57.924 apa: Maeda, T., Takiguchi, N., Morita, T., Ishikawa, M., & Hemsel, T. (2010). Hydrothermal (K1-xNax)NbO3 Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics. Journal of Korean Physical Society, 57(4), 924–928. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.924 bibtex: '@article{Maeda_Takiguchi_Morita_Ishikawa_Hemsel_2010, title={Hydrothermal (K1-xNax)NbO3 Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics}, volume={57}, DOI={10.3938/jkps.57.924}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Korean Physical Society}, author={Maeda, Takafumi and Takiguchi, Norihito and Morita, Takeshi and Ishikawa, Mutsuo and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2010}, pages={924–928} }' chicago: 'Maeda, Takafumi, Norihito Takiguchi, Takeshi Morita, Mutsuo Ishikawa, and Tobias Hemsel. “Hydrothermal (K1-XNax)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics.” Journal of Korean Physical Society 57, no. 4 (2010): 924–28. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.924.' ieee: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, and T. Hemsel, “Hydrothermal (K1-xNax)NbO3 Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics,” Journal of Korean Physical Society, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 924–928, 2010. mla: Maeda, Takafumi, et al. “Hydrothermal (K1-XNax)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics.” Journal of Korean Physical Society, vol. 57, no. 4, 2010, pp. 924–28, doi:10.3938/jkps.57.924. short: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, T. Hemsel, Journal of Korean Physical Society 57 (2010) 924–928. date_created: 2019-05-13T10:19:43Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.3938/jkps.57.924 intvolume: ' 57' issue: '4' keyword: - Lead-free piezoelectric material - KNN - Hydrothermal method language: - iso: eng page: 924-928 publication: Journal of Korean Physical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 1948-5719 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Hydrothermal (K1-xNax)NbO3 Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics type: journal_article user_id: '55222' volume: 57 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '9759' abstract: - lang: eng text: Among various lead-free piezoelectric materials, (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ is a very promising candidate. In this study, (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics were sintered from mixed (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ and NaNbO$_{3}$ powders prepared by hydrothermal reaction. These two powders were mixed with distilled water in a KNbO$_{3}$/NaNbO$_{3}$ molar ratio of 1. After sintering the mixed powder, the solid solution of (Na,K)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics was obtained. The electrical properties such as the electromechanical coupling factors k$_{p}$ and k$_{33}$, the mechanical quality factor, Q$_{m}$, and the piezoelectric constant d$_{33}$ of the sintered (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics were 0.32, 0.48, 71 (radial mode), 118 ((33)mode), and 107 pC/N, respectively. author: - first_name: Takafumi full_name: Maeda, Takafumi last_name: Maeda - first_name: Norihito full_name: Takiguchi, Norihito last_name: Takiguchi - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Morita, Takeshi last_name: Morita - first_name: Mutsuo full_name: Ishikawa, Mutsuo last_name: Ishikawa - first_name: Tobias full_name: Hemsel, Tobias id: '210' last_name: Hemsel citation: ama: Maeda T, Takiguchi N, Morita T, Ishikawa M, Hemsel T. (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders. Materials Letters. 2010;64(2):125-128. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012 apa: Maeda, T., Takiguchi, N., Morita, T., Ishikawa, M., & Hemsel, T. (2010). (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders. Materials Letters, 64(2), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012 bibtex: '@article{Maeda_Takiguchi_Morita_Ishikawa_Hemsel_2010, title={(K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders}, volume={64}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012}, number={2}, journal={Materials Letters}, author={Maeda, Takafumi and Takiguchi, Norihito and Morita, Takeshi and Ishikawa, Mutsuo and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2010}, pages={125–128} }' chicago: 'Maeda, Takafumi, Norihito Takiguchi, Takeshi Morita, Mutsuo Ishikawa, and Tobias Hemsel. “(K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Synthesized from Hydrothermal Powders.” Materials Letters 64, no. 2 (2010): 125–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012.' ieee: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, and T. Hemsel, “(K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders,” Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 125–128, 2010. mla: Maeda, Takafumi, et al. “(K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Synthesized from Hydrothermal Powders.” Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 2, 2010, pp. 125–28, doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012. short: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, T. Hemsel, Materials Letters 64 (2010) 125–128. date_created: 2019-05-13T10:21:17Z date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012 intvolume: ' 64' issue: '2' keyword: - Lead-free piezoelectric material - (K - Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics - Sintering solid solution - Piezoelectric properties language: - iso: eng page: 125-128 publication: Materials Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1948-5719 quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders type: journal_article user_id: '55222' volume: 64 year: '2010' ...