[{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2310-2861"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        11","citation":{"mla":"Killi, Naresh, et al. “Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst.” <i>Gels</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 278, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">10.3390/gels11040278</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Killi_Rumpke_Kuckling_2025, title={Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">10.3390/gels11040278</a>}, number={4278}, journal={Gels}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Killi, Naresh and Rumpke, Katja and Kuckling, Dirk}, year={2025} }","short":"N. Killi, K. Rumpke, D. Kuckling, Gels 11 (2025).","apa":"Killi, N., Rumpke, K., &#38; Kuckling, D. (2025). Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst. <i>Gels</i>, <i>11</i>(4), Article 278. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278</a>","chicago":"Killi, Naresh, Katja Rumpke, and Dirk Kuckling. “Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst.” <i>Gels</i> 11, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278</a>.","ieee":"N. Killi, K. Rumpke, and D. Kuckling, “Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst,” <i>Gels</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, Art. no. 278, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">10.3390/gels11040278</a>.","ama":"Killi N, Rumpke K, Kuckling D. Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst. <i>Gels</i>. 2025;11(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040278\">10.3390/gels11040278</a>"},"volume":11,"author":[{"first_name":"Naresh","full_name":"Killi, Naresh","last_name":"Killi"},{"last_name":"Rumpke","full_name":"Rumpke, Katja","first_name":"Katja"},{"id":"287","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","last_name":"Kuckling","first_name":"Dirk"}],"date_updated":"2025-04-11T07:13:26Z","doi":"10.3390/gels11040278","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/4/278"}],"type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"163"}],"user_id":"94","_id":"59510","article_number":"278","issue":"4","year":"2025","date_created":"2025-04-11T07:12:02Z","publisher":"MDPI AG","title":"Synthesis of Curcumin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Reaction Within a Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactor Using Polymeric Networks Containing Piperidine as a Catalyst","publication":"Gels","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>The use of organo-catalysis in continuous-flow reactor systems is gaining attention in medicinal chemistry due to its cost-effectiveness and reduced chemical waste. In this study, bioactive curcumin (CUM) derivatives were synthesized in a continuously operated microfluidic reactor (MFR), using piperidine-based polymeric networks as catalysts. Piperidine methacrylate and piperidine acrylate were synthesized and subsequently copolymerized with complementary monomers (MMA or DMAA) and crosslinkers (EGDMA or MBAM) via photopolymerization, yielding different polymeric networks. Initially, batch reactions were optimized for the organo-catalytic Knoevenagel condensation between CUM and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, under various conditions, in the presence of polymer networks. Conversion was assessed using offline 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing an increase in conversion with enhanced swelling properties of the polymer networks, which facilitated greater accessibility of catalytic sites. In continuous-flow MFR experiments, optimized polymer gel dots exhibited superior catalytic performance, achieving a conversion of up to 72%, compared to other compositions. This improvement was attributed to the enhanced swelling in the reaction mixture (DMSO/methanol, 7:3 v/v) at 40 °C over 72 h. Furthermore, the MFR system enabled the efficient synthesis of a series of CUM derivatives, demonstrating significantly higher conversion rates than traditional batch reactions. Notably, while batch reactions required 90% catalyst loading in the gel, the MFR system achieved a comparable or superior performance with only 50% catalyst, resulting in a higher turnover number. These findings underscore the advantages of continuous-flow organo-catalysis in enhancing catalytic efficiency and sustainability in organic synthesis.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["flow chemistry","heterogeneous catalysis","sustainable synthesis","organo-catalysis","polymeric gel dots"]},{"_id":"53166","department":[{"_id":"163"}],"user_id":"94","article_type":"original","article_number":"171","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2024-04-03T11:07:31Z","volume":9,"author":[{"full_name":"Killi, Naresh","last_name":"Killi","first_name":"Naresh"},{"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Bartenbach","full_name":"Bartenbach, Julian"},{"full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","id":"287","last_name":"Kuckling","first_name":"Dirk"}],"doi":"10.3390/gels9030171","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2310-2861"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         9","citation":{"apa":"Killi, N., Bartenbach, J., &#38; Kuckling, D. (2023). Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors. <i>Gels</i>, <i>9</i>(3), Article 171. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171</a>","mla":"Killi, Naresh, et al. “Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors.” <i>Gels</i>, vol. 9, no. 3, 171, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">10.3390/gels9030171</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Killi_Bartenbach_Kuckling_2023, title={Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">10.3390/gels9030171</a>}, number={3171}, journal={Gels}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Killi, Naresh and Bartenbach, Julian and Kuckling, Dirk}, year={2023} }","short":"N. Killi, J. Bartenbach, D. Kuckling, Gels 9 (2023).","ieee":"N. Killi, J. Bartenbach, and D. Kuckling, “Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors,” <i>Gels</i>, vol. 9, no. 3, Art. no. 171, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">10.3390/gels9030171</a>.","chicago":"Killi, Naresh, Julian Bartenbach, and Dirk Kuckling. “Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors.” <i>Gels</i> 9, no. 3 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171</a>.","ama":"Killi N, Bartenbach J, Kuckling D. Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors. <i>Gels</i>. 2023;9(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030171\">10.3390/gels9030171</a>"},"keyword":["Knoevenagel reaction","organocatalysis","polymeric gel dots","microfluidic reactions","polymeric networks"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Gels","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>The Knoevenagel reaction is a classic reaction in organic chemistry for the formation of C-C bonds. In this study, various catalytic monomers for Knoevenagel reactions were synthesized and polymerized via photolithography to form polymeric gel dots with a composition of 90% catalyst, 9% gelling agent and 1% crosslinker. Furthermore, these gel dots were inserted into a microfluidic reactor (MFR) and the conversion of the reaction using gel dots as catalysts in the MFR for 8 h at room temperature was studied. The gel dots containing primary amines showed a better conversion of about 83–90% with aliphatic aldehyde and 86–100% with aromatic aldehyde, compared to the tertiary amines (52–59% with aliphatic aldehyde and 77–93% with aromatic aldehydes) which resembles the reactivity of the amines. Moreover, the addition of polar solvent (water) in the reaction mixture and the swelling properties of the gel dots by altering the polymer backbone showed a significant enhancement in the conversion of the reaction, due to the increased accessibility of the catalytic sites in the polymeric network. These results suggested the primary-amine-based catalysts facilitate better conversion compared to tertiary amines and the reaction solvent had a significant influence on organocatalysis to improve the efficiency of MFR.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"MDPI AG","date_created":"2024-04-03T11:06:26Z","title":"Polymeric Networks Containing Amine Derivatives as Organocatalysts for Knoevenagel Reaction within Continuously Driven Microfluidic Reactors","issue":"3","year":"2023"}]