---
_id: '24456'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: One objective of current research in explainable intelligent systems is to
    implement social aspects in order to increase the relevance of explanations. In
    this paper, we argue that a novel conceptual framework is needed to overcome shortcomings
    of existing AI systems with little attention to processes of interaction and learning.
    Drawing from research in interaction and development, we first outline the novel
    conceptual framework that pushes the design of AI systems toward true interactivity
    with an emphasis on the role of the partner and social relevance. We propose that
    AI systems will be able to provide a meaningful and relevant explanation only
    if the process of explaining is extended to active contribution of both partners
    that brings about dynamics that is modulated by different levels of analysis.
    Accordingly, our conceptual framework comprises monitoring and scaffolding as
    key concepts and claims that the process of explaining is not only modulated by
    the interaction between explainee and explainer but is embedded into a larger
    social context in which conventionalized and routinized behaviors are established.
    We discuss our conceptual framework in relation to the established objectives
    of transparency and autonomy that are raised for the design of explainable AI
    systems currently.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Katharina J.
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Cimiano, Philipp
  last_name: Cimiano
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Matzner, Tobias
  id: '65695'
  last_name: Matzner
- first_name: Heike M.
  full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
  id: '27152'
  last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
  last_name: Buschmeier
- first_name: Elena
  full_name: Esposito, Elena
  last_name: Esposito
- first_name: Angela
  full_name: Grimminger, Angela
  id: '57578'
  last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Hammer, Barbara
  last_name: Hammer
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold
  id: '242'
  last_name: Haeb-Umbach
- first_name: Ilona
  full_name: Horwath, Ilona
  id: '68836'
  last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Eyke
  full_name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
  id: '48129'
  last_name: Hüllermeier
- first_name: Friederike
  full_name: Kern, Friederike
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Kopp, Stefan
  last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Kirsten
  full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
  id: '72497'
  last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
  full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
  id: '65716'
  last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Schulte, Carsten
  id: '60311'
  last_name: Schulte
- first_name: Henning
  full_name: Wachsmuth, Henning
  id: '3900'
  last_name: Wachsmuth
- first_name: Petra
  full_name: Wagner, Petra
  last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Rohlfing KJ, Cimiano P, Scharlau I, et al. Explanation as a Social Practice:
    Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>. 2021;13(3):717-728. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>'
  apa: 'Rohlfing, K. J., Cimiano, P., Scharlau, I., Matzner, T., Buhl, H. M., Buschmeier,
    H., Esposito, E., Grimminger, A., Hammer, B., Haeb-Umbach, R., Horwath, I., Hüllermeier,
    E., Kern, F., Kopp, S., Thommes, K., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Schulte, C., Wachsmuth,
    H., Wagner, P., &#38; Wrede, B. (2021). Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward
    a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, <i>13</i>(3), 717–728. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Rohlfing_Cimiano_Scharlau_Matzner_Buhl_Buschmeier_Esposito_Grimminger_Hammer_Haeb-Umbach_et
    al._2021, title={Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework
    for the Social Design of AI Systems}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>},
    number={3}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems},
    author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Cimiano, Philipp and Scharlau, Ingrid and Matzner,
    Tobias and Buhl, Heike M. and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Esposito, Elena and Grimminger,
    Angela and Hammer, Barbara and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold and et al.}, year={2021},
    pages={717–728} }'
  chicago: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., Philipp Cimiano, Ingrid Scharlau, Tobias Matzner,
    Heike M. Buhl, Hendrik Buschmeier, Elena Esposito, et al. “Explanation as a Social
    Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.”
    <i>IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i> 13, no. 3 (2021):
    717–28. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. J. Rohlfing <i>et al.</i>, “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a
    Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems,” <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 717–728, 2021,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.'
  mla: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a
    Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.” <i>IEEE Transactions
    on Cognitive and Developmental Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, pp. 717–28,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366">10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366</a>.'
  short: K.J. Rohlfing, P. Cimiano, I. Scharlau, T. Matzner, H.M. Buhl, H. Buschmeier,
    E. Esposito, A. Grimminger, B. Hammer, R. Haeb-Umbach, I. Horwath, E. Hüllermeier,
    F. Kern, S. Kopp, K. Thommes, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, C. Schulte, H. Wachsmuth, P.
    Wagner, B. Wrede, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 13
    (2021) 717–728.
date_created: 2021-09-14T20:52:57Z
date_updated: 2023-12-05T10:15:02Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '603'
- _id: '749'
- _id: '424'
- _id: '67'
- _id: '574'
- _id: '184'
- _id: '757'
- _id: '54'
- _id: '178'
doi: 10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: haebumb
  date_created: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
  date_updated: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
  file_id: '49081'
  file_name: 2020-12-01_explainability_final_version.pdf
  file_size: 626217
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Explainability
- process ofexplaining andunderstanding
- explainable artificial systems
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: 717-728
project:
- _id: '109'
  grant_number: '438445824'
  name: 'TRR 318: TRR 318 - Erklärbarkeit konstruieren'
publication: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2379-8920
  - 2379-8939
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social
  Design of AI Systems'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42933'
volume: 13
year: '2021'
...