---
_id: '62644'
author:
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Schwabe, Tobias
id: '39217'
last_name: Schwabe
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Kress, Christian
id: '13256'
last_name: Kress
orcid: 0000-0002-4403-2237
- first_name: Babak
full_name: Sadiye, Babak
id: '93634'
last_name: Sadiye
- first_name: Stephan
full_name: Kruse, Stephan
id: '38254'
last_name: Kruse
- first_name: J. Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
ama: Schwabe T, Kress C, Sadiye B, Kruse S, Scheytt JC. Analysis and Design of Forward
Biased Silicon Photonics Phase Shifter Equalizer Circuits. IEEE Access.
2025;13:192433-192450. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385
apa: Schwabe, T., Kress, C., Sadiye, B., Kruse, S., & Scheytt, J. C. (2025).
Analysis and Design of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics Phase Shifter Equalizer
Circuits. IEEE Access, 13, 192433–192450. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385
bibtex: '@article{Schwabe_Kress_Sadiye_Kruse_Scheytt_2025, title={Analysis and Design
of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics Phase Shifter Equalizer Circuits}, volume={13},
DOI={10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385},
journal={IEEE Access}, author={Schwabe, Tobias and Kress, Christian and Sadiye,
Babak and Kruse, Stephan and Scheytt, J. Christoph}, year={2025}, pages={192433–192450}
}'
chicago: 'Schwabe, Tobias, Christian Kress, Babak Sadiye, Stephan Kruse, and J.
Christoph Scheytt. “Analysis and Design of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics Phase
Shifter Equalizer Circuits.” IEEE Access 13 (2025): 192433–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385.'
ieee: 'T. Schwabe, C. Kress, B. Sadiye, S. Kruse, and J. C. Scheytt, “Analysis and
Design of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics Phase Shifter Equalizer Circuits,”
IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 192433–192450, 2025, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385.'
mla: Schwabe, Tobias, et al. “Analysis and Design of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics
Phase Shifter Equalizer Circuits.” IEEE Access, vol. 13, 2025, pp. 192433–50,
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385.
short: T. Schwabe, C. Kress, B. Sadiye, S. Kruse, J.C. Scheytt, IEEE Access 13 (2025)
192433–192450.
date_created: 2025-11-27T07:14:48Z
date_updated: 2025-11-27T07:16:06Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3629385
intvolume: ' 13'
keyword:
- Optical attenuators
- Equalizers
- Phase shifters
- Optical modulation
- Electro-optic modulators
- Optical amplifiers
- Circuits
- Silicon photonics
- Optical saturation
- Integrated circuit modeling
- Data communication
- equalization
- electro-optical transmitter
- silicon photonics
- phase shifter
- optical modulator
- free-carrier plasma dispersion effect
- driver architectures
- biasing schemes
language:
- iso: eng
page: 192433-192450
publication: IEEE Access
status: public
title: Analysis and Design of Forward Biased Silicon Photonics Phase Shifter Equalizer
Circuits
type: journal_article
user_id: '38254'
volume: 13
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '24550'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Efficiencies and energy yields of microinverters available on the market
during 2014‒2021 have been \r\nmeasured, compared, and ranked. Conversion efficiencies
as a function of load have been measured indoors with high \r\naccuracy and ranked
according to Euro- and CEC weightings. Energy yields have been measured outdoors
via \r\nidentical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp (until
2020) and 360 Wp (starting 2021). Inverters \r\nwith two inputs have been fed
by two of those modules. DC input, AC power output and energy yield of each micro\x02inverter
have been recorded by individual calibrated electricity meters. CEC and EU efficiency
rankings have been \r\ncomputed and compared. To assess the influence of PV module
size, two extremes have been investigated: A rather \r\nsmall module with 215
Wp - as it has been used 10 years ago, and a brand-new module (2021) offering
360 Wp. Both \r\ntypes of modules contain 60 solar cells in series connection.
Appling the low-power modules, the challenge for the \r\ndifferent micro-inverters
has been during weak-light conditions, using the high-power modules, some inverters
\r\ntemporarily reach their power limits and yield is reduced. A method using
a reference configuration of inverter & \r\nmodule and a linear equation y = ax
+ b resulting in the actual yield, any module & inverter configuration can be
\r\ncharacterized by just the coefficients a and b."
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Jörg
full_name: Bendfeld, Jörg
id: '16148'
last_name: Bendfeld
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Bendfeld J. Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module
Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. In: Proceedings of the 38th
European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021).
; 2021:659-663. doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4'
apa: 'Krauter, S., & Bendfeld, J. (2021). Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. Proceedings
of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
2021), 659–663. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Bendfeld_2021, title={Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields}, DOI={10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg},
year={2021}, pages={659–663} }'
chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” In Proceedings
of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
2021), 659–63, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4.'
ieee: 'S. Krauter and J. Bendfeld, “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields,” in Proceedings
of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
2021), 2021, pp. 659–663, doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4.'
mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” Proceedings of
the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
2021), 2021, pp. 659–63, doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4.'
short: 'S. Krauter, J. Bendfeld, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 659–663.'
conference:
end_date: 2021-09-10
name: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
2021)
start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2021-09-16T10:17:11Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:22:03Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: krauter
date_created: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
file_id: '29175'
file_name: Krauter Bendfeld - Module size Microinverters - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf
file_size: 5413518
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- AC-modules
- Microinverter
- Power Conditioning
- Efficiency
- Yield
- PV module size
- saturation
- performance
language:
- iso: eng
page: 659 - 663
publication: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 3-936338-78-7
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module Size on Conversion
Efficiencies and Energy Yields'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2021'
...