[{"type":"journal_article","publication":"FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY","abstract":[{"text":"The classic mapping metaphor posits that children learn a word by mapping it onto a concept of an object or event. However, we believe that a mapping metaphor cannot account for word learning, because even though children focus attention on objects, they do not necessarily remember the connection between the word and the referent unless it is framed pragmatically, that is, within a task. Our theoretical paper proposes an alternative mechanism for word learning. Our main premise is that word learning occurs as children accomplish a goal in cooperation with a partner. We follow Bruner's (1983) idea and further specify pragmatic frames as the learning units that drive language acquisition and cognitive development. These units consist of a sequence of actions and verbal behaviors that are co-constructed with a partner to achieve a joint goal. We elaborate on this alternative, offer some initial parametrizations of the concept, and embed it in current language learning approaches.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"17181","user_id":"14931","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"keyword":["language acquisition","pragmatics","infants' social learning","frames","learning and memory","developmental robotics"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-1078"]},"year":"2016","citation":{"apa":"Rohlfing, K., Wrede, B., Vollmer, A.-L., &#38; Oudeyer, P.-Y. (2016). An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames. <i>FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY</i>, <i>7</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>","bibtex":"@article{Rohlfing_Wrede_Vollmer_Oudeyer_2016, title={An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY}, publisher={Frontiers Media Sa}, author={Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves}, year={2016} }","short":"K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, A.-L. Vollmer, P.-Y. Oudeyer, FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 7 (2016).","mla":"Rohlfing, Katharina, et al. “An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames.” <i>FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY</i>, vol. 7, Frontiers Media Sa, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>.","chicago":"Rohlfing, Katharina, Britta Wrede, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, and Pierre-Yves Oudeyer. “An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames.” <i>FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY</i> 7 (2016). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>.","ieee":"K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, A.-L. Vollmer, and P.-Y. Oudeyer, “An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames,” <i>FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY</i>, vol. 7, 2016, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>.","ama":"Rohlfing K, Wrede B, Vollmer A-L, Oudeyer P-Y. An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames. <i>FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY</i>. 2016;7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470\">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470</a>"},"intvolume":"         7","publisher":"Frontiers Media Sa","date_updated":"2023-02-01T16:04:21Z","date_created":"2020-06-24T13:00:57Z","author":[{"last_name":"Rohlfing","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","id":"50352","first_name":"Katharina"},{"full_name":"Wrede, Britta","last_name":"Wrede","first_name":"Britta"},{"full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","last_name":"Vollmer","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"last_name":"Oudeyer","full_name":"Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves","first_name":"Pierre-Yves"}],"volume":7,"title":"An Alternative to Mapping a Word onto a Concept in Language Acquisition: Pragmatic Frames","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00470"},{"keyword":["conversation analysis","interactional coordination","adult-child-interaction","feedback","gaze","quantification","social learning","motionese","tutoring"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Interaction Studies","abstract":[{"text":"Research of tutoring in parent-infant interaction has shown that tutors - when presenting some action - modify both their verbal and manual performance for the learner (‘motherese’, ‘motionese’). Investigating the sources and effects of the tutors’ action modifications, we suggest an interactional account of ‘motionese’. Using video-data from a semi-experimental study in which parents taught their 8 to 11 month old infants how to nest a set of differently sized cups, we found that the tutors’ action modifications (in particular: high arches) functioned as an orienting device to guide the infant’s visual attention (gaze). Action modification and the recipient’s gaze can be seen to have a reciprocal sequential relationship and to constitute a constant loop of mutual adjustments. Implications are discussed for developmental research and for robotic ‘Social Learning’. We argue that a robot system could use on-line feedback strategies (e.g. gaze) to pro-actively shape a tutor’s action presentation as it emerges.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","date_created":"2020-06-24T13:01:17Z","title":"Tutoring in adult-child-interaction: On the loop of the tutor's action modification and the recipient's gaze","issue":"1","year":"2014","_id":"17199","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-02-01T16:10:52Z","volume":15,"author":[{"first_name":"Karola","last_name":"Pitsch","full_name":"Pitsch, Karola"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"last_name":"Rohlfing","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","first_name":"Katharina"},{"first_name":"Jannik","full_name":"Fritsch, Jannik","last_name":"Fritsch"},{"first_name":"Britta","full_name":"Wrede, Britta","last_name":"Wrede"}],"doi":"10.1075/is.15.1.03pit","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1572-0381"]},"page":"55-98","intvolume":"        15","citation":{"ama":"Pitsch K, Vollmer A-L, Rohlfing K, Fritsch J, Wrede B. Tutoring in adult-child-interaction: On the loop of the tutor’s action modification and the recipient’s gaze. <i>Interaction Studies</i>. 2014;15(1):55-98. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>","chicago":"Pitsch, Karola, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Katharina Rohlfing, Jannik Fritsch, and Britta Wrede. “Tutoring in Adult-Child-Interaction: On the Loop of the Tutor’s Action Modification and the Recipient’s Gaze.” <i>Interaction Studies</i> 15, no. 1 (2014): 55–98. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>.","ieee":"K. Pitsch, A.-L. Vollmer, K. Rohlfing, J. Fritsch, and B. Wrede, “Tutoring in adult-child-interaction: On the loop of the tutor’s action modification and the recipient’s gaze,” <i>Interaction Studies</i>, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 55–98, 2014, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>.","apa":"Pitsch, K., Vollmer, A.-L., Rohlfing, K., Fritsch, J., &#38; Wrede, B. (2014). Tutoring in adult-child-interaction: On the loop of the tutor’s action modification and the recipient’s gaze. <i>Interaction Studies</i>, <i>15</i>(1), 55–98. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>","bibtex":"@article{Pitsch_Vollmer_Rohlfing_Fritsch_Wrede_2014, title={Tutoring in adult-child-interaction: On the loop of the tutor’s action modification and the recipient’s gaze}, volume={15}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>}, number={1}, journal={Interaction Studies}, publisher={John Benjamins Publishing Company}, author={Pitsch, Karola and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Rohlfing, Katharina and Fritsch, Jannik and Wrede, Britta}, year={2014}, pages={55–98} }","short":"K. Pitsch, A.-L. Vollmer, K. Rohlfing, J. Fritsch, B. Wrede, Interaction Studies 15 (2014) 55–98.","mla":"Pitsch, Karola, et al. “Tutoring in Adult-Child-Interaction: On the Loop of the Tutor’s Action Modification and the Recipient’s Gaze.” <i>Interaction Studies</i>, vol. 15, no. 1, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014, pp. 55–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.15.1.03pit\">10.1075/is.15.1.03pit</a>."}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In a longitudinal naturalistic study, we observed German mothers interacting with their infants when they were 3 and 6 months old. Pursuing the idea that infants’ attention is socialized in everyday interactions, we explored whether eye contact is reinforced selectively by behavioral modification in the input provided to infants. Applying a microanalytical approach focusing on the sequential organization of interaction, we explored how the mother draws the infant’s attention to herself and how she tries to maintain attention when the infant is looking at her. Results showed that eye contact is reinforced by specific infant-directed practices: interrogatives and conversational openings, multimodal stimulation, repetition, and imitation. In addition, these practices are contingent on the infant’s own behavior. By comparing the two data points (3 and 6 months), we showed how the education of attention evolves hand-in-hand with the developing capacities of the infant."}],"status":"public","publication":"Interaction Studies","type":"journal_article","keyword":["interactional adaptation","multimodal input","social learning","ecology of attention","eye contact"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"17204","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931","year":"2013","page":"240-267","intvolume":"        14","citation":{"ama":"Nomikou I, Rohlfing K, Szufnarowska J. Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions. <i>Interaction Studies</i>. 2013;14(2):240-267. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>","chicago":"Nomikou, Iris, Katharina Rohlfing, and Joanna Szufnarowska. “Educating Attention: Recruiting, Maintaining, and Framing Eye Contact in Early Natural Mother-Infant Interactions.” <i>Interaction Studies</i> 14, no. 2 (2013): 240–67. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>.","ieee":"I. Nomikou, K. Rohlfing, and J. Szufnarowska, “Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions,” <i>Interaction Studies</i>, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 240–267, 2013, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>.","apa":"Nomikou, I., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Szufnarowska, J. (2013). Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions. <i>Interaction Studies</i>, <i>14</i>(2), 240–267. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>","bibtex":"@article{Nomikou_Rohlfing_Szufnarowska_2013, title={Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>}, number={2}, journal={Interaction Studies}, publisher={John Benjamins Publishing Company}, author={Nomikou, Iris and Rohlfing, Katharina and Szufnarowska, Joanna}, year={2013}, pages={240–267} }","short":"I. Nomikou, K. Rohlfing, J. Szufnarowska, Interaction Studies 14 (2013) 240–267.","mla":"Nomikou, Iris, et al. “Educating Attention: Recruiting, Maintaining, and Framing Eye Contact in Early Natural Mother-Infant Interactions.” <i>Interaction Studies</i>, vol. 14, no. 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013, pp. 240–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1075/is.14.2.05nom\">10.1075/is.14.2.05nom</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1572-0381"]},"issue":"2","title":"Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions","doi":"10.1075/is.14.2.05nom","date_updated":"2023-02-01T16:12:50Z","publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","volume":14,"date_created":"2020-06-24T13:01:23Z","author":[{"first_name":"Iris","full_name":"Nomikou, Iris","last_name":"Nomikou"},{"first_name":"Katharina","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"first_name":"Joanna","full_name":"Szufnarowska, Joanna","last_name":"Szufnarowska"}]},{"publication":"IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"17246","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"user_id":"14931","keyword":["acoustic packaging","mother-child interaction","social learning","multimodal grounding in input","ecology of interactions","synchrony"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1943-0612"]},"issue":"2","year":"2011","page":"113-128","intvolume":"         3","citation":{"ama":"Nomikou I, Rohlfing K. Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds. <i>IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development</i>. 2011;3(2):113-128. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>","ieee":"I. Nomikou and K. Rohlfing, “Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 113–128, 2011, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>.","chicago":"Nomikou, Iris, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development</i> 3, no. 2 (2011): 113–28. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>.","apa":"Nomikou, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2011). Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds. <i>IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development</i>, <i>3</i>(2), 113–128. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>","mla":"Nomikou, Iris, and Katharina Rohlfing. “Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, Institute of Electrical &#38; Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2011, pp. 113–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Nomikou_Rohlfing_2011, title={Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113\">10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113</a>}, number={2}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development}, publisher={Institute of Electrical &#38; Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Nomikou, Iris and Rohlfing, Katharina}, year={2011}, pages={113–128} }","short":"I. Nomikou, K. Rohlfing, IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development 3 (2011) 113–128."},"publisher":"Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","date_updated":"2023-02-01T12:54:33Z","volume":3,"date_created":"2020-06-24T13:02:12Z","author":[{"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Nomikou","full_name":"Nomikou, Iris"},{"first_name":"Katharina","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing"}],"title":"Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds","doi":"10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding infants' learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. In the field of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot interaction (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature cognitive capabilities benefit from this behavior. However, according to our knowledge, it has barely been studied whether this is true and how exactly humans alter their behavior towards a robotic interaction partner. In this paper, we present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior in social robotics. In our study, we performed a detailed multimodal analysis of HRI in a tutoring situation using the example of a robot simulation equipped with a bottom-up saliency-based attention model. Our results reveal significant differences in hand movement velocity, motion pauses, range of motion, and eye gaze suggesting that for example adults decrease their hand movement velocity in an Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), opposed to an Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI) and this decrease is even higher in the Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI). We also found important differences between ACI and ARI in how the behavior is modified over time as the interaction unfolds. These findings indicate the necessity of integrating top-down feedback structures into a bottom-up system for robots to be fully accepted as interaction partners.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["robot simulation","hand movement velocity","robotic interaction partner","robotic agent","robot-directed interaction","multimodal analysis","Motionese","Motherese","intelligent tutoring systems","immature cognitive capability","human computer interaction","eye gaze","child-directed speech","child-directed motion","bottom-up system","bottom-up saliency-based attention model","adult-robot interaction","adult-child interaction","adult-adult interaction","human-robot interaction","action learning","social learning scenario","social robotics","software agents","top-down feedback structures","tutoring behavior"],"user_id":"14931","department":[{"_id":"749"}],"_id":"17272","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Vollmer_Lohan_Fischer_Nagai_Pitsch_Fritsch_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009, title={People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>}, booktitle={Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Fischer, Kerstin and Nagai, Yukie and Pitsch, Karola and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009}, pages={1–6} }","mla":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “People Modify Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed Interaction for Action Learning.” <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>.","short":"A.-L. Vollmer, K.S. Lohan, K. Fischer, Y. Nagai, K. Pitsch, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6.","ama":"Vollmer A-L, Lohan KS, Fischer K, et al. People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning. In: <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>. IEEE; 2009:1-6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>","apa":"Vollmer, A.-L., Lohan, K. S., Fischer, K., Nagai, Y., Pitsch, K., Fritsch, J., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2009). People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning. <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, 1–6. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>","chicago":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Katrin Solveig Lohan, Kerstin Fischer, Yukie Nagai, Karola Pitsch, Jannik Fritsch, Katharina Rohlfing, and Britta Wrede. “People Modify Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed Interaction for Action Learning.” In <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, 1–6. IEEE, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>.","ieee":"A.-L. Vollmer <i>et al.</i>, “People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning,” in <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, 2009, pp. 1–6, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516\">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>."},"page":"1-6","year":"2009","doi":"10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516","title":"People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning","date_created":"2020-06-24T13:02:43Z","author":[{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Anna-Lisa","first_name":"Anna-Lisa"},{"first_name":"Katrin Solveig","full_name":"Lohan, Katrin Solveig","last_name":"Lohan"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Kerstin","last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Kerstin"},{"first_name":"Yukie","last_name":"Nagai","full_name":"Nagai, Yukie"},{"last_name":"Pitsch","full_name":"Pitsch, Karola","first_name":"Karola"},{"first_name":"Jannik","full_name":"Fritsch, Jannik","last_name":"Fritsch"},{"first_name":"Katharina","id":"50352","full_name":"Rohlfing, Katharina","last_name":"Rohlfing"},{"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Wrede","full_name":"Wrede, Britta"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-01T13:06:43Z","publisher":"IEEE"}]