---
_id: '63950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Sodium-ion batteries are at the forefront of new, sustainable energy systems
    required for the global energy transition. 23Na in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic
    resonance spectroscopy is capable of unraveling structures in working electrochemical
    cells during the charging and discharging processes. To evaluate its suitability
    for long-term studies, local sodium environments in sodium/sodium ion cells based
    on silicon carbonitride and hard carbon materials are tracked for up to 49 cycles
    (228.5?h). The formation of dendrites as well as the decay of a secondary metallic
    sodium species is observed, and local structures are analyzed up to the point
    of capacity degradation and cell failure. Initial points of cell breakdown are
    reflected in the NMR data by characteristic changes in signal intensities, whereas
    the degradation of the cells is reflected by a cease to periodic signal intensity
    fluctuations. Meanwhile, ex situ 23Na NMR spectra of the deactivated cells reveal
    a complex range of environments for sodium ions.
author:
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Egert, Sonja
  last_name: Egert
- first_name: Renuka
  full_name: Remesh, Renuka
  last_name: Remesh
- first_name: Agatha Clarissa
  full_name: Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa
  last_name: Jusdi
- first_name: Yushi
  full_name: Sugawara, Yushi
  last_name: Sugawara
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
  last_name: Schutjajew
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Oschatz, Martin
  last_name: Oschatz
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
  last_name: Buntkowsky
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
  id: '118165'
  last_name: Gutmann
citation:
  ama: Egert S, Remesh R, Jusdi AC, et al. Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium
    Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>.
    2025;n/a(n/a):e202500516. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>
  apa: Egert, S., Remesh, R., Jusdi, A. C., Sugawara, Y., Schutjajew, K., Oschatz,
    M., Buntkowsky, G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2025). Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium
    Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    <i>n/a</i>(n/a), e202500516. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Egert_Remesh_Jusdi_Sugawara_Schutjajew_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2025,
    title={Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ
    Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy}, volume={n/a}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>},
    number={n/a}, journal={Batteries &#38; Supercaps}, publisher={John Wiley &#38;
    Sons, Ltd}, author={Egert, Sonja and Remesh, Renuka and Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa
    and Sugawara, Yushi and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Oschatz, Martin and Buntkowsky,
    Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2025}, pages={e202500516} }'
  chicago: 'Egert, Sonja, Renuka Remesh, Agatha Clarissa Jusdi, Yushi Sugawara, Konstantin
    Schutjajew, Martin Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Long-Term Cycling
    Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.”
    <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i> n/a, no. n/a (2025): e202500516. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Egert <i>et al.</i>, “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion
    Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy,” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    vol. n/a, no. n/a, p. e202500516, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.'
  mla: Egert, Sonja, et al. “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells
    Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    vol. n/a, no. n/a, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2025, p. e202500516, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.
  short: S. Egert, R. Remesh, A.C. Jusdi, Y. Sugawara, K. Schutjajew, M. Oschatz,
    G. Buntkowsky, T. Gutmann, Batteries &#38; Supercaps n/a (2025) e202500516.
date_created: 2026-02-07T09:13:59Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:18:23Z
doi: 10.1002/batt.202500516
extern: '1'
issue: n/a
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- hard carbon
- in-situ
- SiCN
- sodium ion batteries
language:
- iso: eng
page: e202500516
publication: Batteries & Supercaps
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
status: public
title: Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State
  NMR Spectroscopy
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: n/a
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '64045'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Abstract In this work, we report on an improved cell assembly of cylindrical
    electrochemical cells for 23Na in-situ solid-state NMR (ssNMR) investigations.
    The cell set-up is suitable for using powder electrode materials. Reproducibility
    of our cell assembly is analyzed by preparing two cells containing hard carbon
    (HC) powder as working electrode and sodium metal as reference electrode. Electrochemical
    storage properties of HC powder electrode derived from carbonization of sustainable
    cellulose are studied by ssNMR. 23Na in-situ ssNMR monitors the sodiation/desodiation
    of a Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 1) over a period of 22?days, showing
    high cell stability. After the galvanostatic process, the HC powder material is
    investigated by high resolution 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR. The formation of ionic sodium
    species in different chemical environments is obtained. Subsequently, a second
    Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 2) is sodiated for 11?days achieving
    a capacity of 220?mAh/g. 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR measurements of the HC powder material
    extracted from this cell clearly indicate the presence of quasi-metallic sodium
    species next to ionic sodium species. This observation of quasi-metallic sodium
    species is discussed in terms of the achieved capacity of the cell as well as
    of side reactions of sodium in this electrode material.
author:
- first_name: Edina
  full_name: Šić, Edina
  last_name: Šić
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
  last_name: Schutjajew
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Haagen, Ulrich
  last_name: Haagen
- first_name: Hergen
  full_name: Breitzke, Hergen
  last_name: Breitzke
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Oschatz, Martin
  last_name: Oschatz
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
  last_name: Buntkowsky
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
  id: '118165'
  last_name: Gutmann
citation:
  ama: 'Šić E, Schutjajew K, Haagen U, et al. Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard
    Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from
    In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>. 2023;17:e202301300. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  apa: 'Šić, E., Schutjajew, K., Haagen, U., Breitzke, H., Oschatz, M., Buntkowsky,
    G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2023). Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>, <i>17</i>, e202301300. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Šić_Schutjajew_Haagen_Breitzke_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2023,
    title={Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
    in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR},
    volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>},
    journal={Chemsuschem}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd}, author={Šić, Edina
    and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Haagen, Ulrich and Breitzke, Hergen and Oschatz,
    Martin and Buntkowsky, Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2023}, pages={e202301300}
    }'
  chicago: 'Šić, Edina, Konstantin Schutjajew, Ulrich Haagen, Hergen Breitzke, Martin
    Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage
    in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights
    from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i> 17 (2023): e202301300.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  ieee: 'E. Šić <i>et al.</i>, “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR,” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, p. e202301300, 2023, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  mla: 'Šić, Edina, et al. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes
    Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State
    NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2023, p. e202301300,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  short: E. Šić, K. Schutjajew, U. Haagen, H. Breitzke, M. Oschatz, G. Buntkowsky,
    T. Gutmann, Chemsuschem 17 (2023) e202301300.
date_created: 2026-02-07T16:12:13Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:13:10Z
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202301300
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        17'
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- hard carbon
- electrochemical cells
- in-situ characterization
- sodium
language:
- iso: eng
page: e202301300
publication: Chemsuschem
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1864-5631
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
status: public
title: 'Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
  in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR'
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '47447'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) have great potential in energy storage due to
    their low cost, the abundance of Na, and the potential to deliver high energy
    and power simultaneously. This paper demonstrates a template-assisted method to
    induce graphitic nanodomains and micro-mesopores into nitrogen-doped carbons.
    This study elucidates that these graphitic nanodomains are beneficial for Na+
    storage. The obtained N-doped carbon (As8Mg) electrode achieved a reversible capacity
    of 254 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, the As8Mg-based SIC device achieves high
    combinations of power/energy densities (52 W kg−1 at 204 Wh kg−1 and 10,456 W
    kg−1 at 51 Wh kg−1) with outstanding cycle stability (99.7% retention over 10000
    cycles at 0.2 A g−1). Our findings provide insights into optimizing carbon’s microstructure
    to boost sodium storage in the pseudo-capacitive mode. '
author:
- first_name: Nieves
  full_name: Lopez Salas, Nieves
  id: '98120'
  last_name: Lopez Salas
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-9548
- first_name: 'Chun '
  full_name: 'Li, Chun '
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Zihan
  full_name: Song, Zihan
  last_name: Song
- first_name: Minliang
  full_name: Liu, Minliang
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Enrico
  full_name: Lepre, Enrico
  last_name: Lepre
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Antonietti, Markus
  last_name: Antonietti
- first_name: Junwu
  full_name: Zhu, Junwu
  last_name: Zhu
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Liu, Jian
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Yongsheng
  full_name: Fu, Yongsheng
  last_name: Fu
citation:
  ama: Lopez Salas N, Li C, Song Z, et al. Template-induced graphitic nanodomains
    in nitrogen-doped carbons enable high-performance sodium-ion capacitors - ACCEPTED
    MANUSCRIPT. Published online 2023.
  apa: Lopez Salas, N., Li, C., Song, Z., Liu, M., Lepre, E., Antonietti, M., Zhu,
    J., Liu, J., &#38; Fu, Y. (2023). <i>Template-induced graphitic nanodomains in
    nitrogen-doped carbons enable high-performance sodium-ion capacitors - ACCEPTED
    MANUSCRIPT</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Lopez Salas_Li_Song_Liu_Lepre_Antonietti_Zhu_Liu_Fu_2023, title={Template-induced
    graphitic nanodomains in nitrogen-doped carbons enable high-performance sodium-ion
    capacitors - ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT}, author={Lopez Salas, Nieves and Li, Chun  and
    Song, Zihan and Liu, Minliang and Lepre, Enrico and Antonietti, Markus and Zhu,
    Junwu and Liu, Jian and Fu, Yongsheng}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Lopez Salas, Nieves, Chun  Li, Zihan Song, Minliang Liu, Enrico Lepre,
    Markus Antonietti, Junwu Zhu, Jian Liu, and Yongsheng Fu. “Template-Induced Graphitic
    Nanodomains in Nitrogen-Doped Carbons Enable High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitors
    - ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT,” 2023.
  ieee: N. Lopez Salas <i>et al.</i>, “Template-induced graphitic nanodomains in nitrogen-doped
    carbons enable high-performance sodium-ion capacitors - ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT.”
    2023.
  mla: Lopez Salas, Nieves, et al. <i>Template-Induced Graphitic Nanodomains in Nitrogen-Doped
    Carbons Enable High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitors - ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT</i>.
    2023.
  short: N. Lopez Salas, C. Li, Z. Song, M. Liu, E. Lepre, M. Antonietti, J. Zhu,
    J. Liu, Y. Fu, (2023).
date_created: 2023-09-26T10:11:50Z
date_updated: 2026-01-08T13:16:49Z
keyword:
- sodium ion capacitor
- anode
- template
- N-doped carbons
- graphitic nanodomains
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Template-induced graphitic nanodomains in nitrogen-doped carbons enable high-performance
  sodium-ion capacitors - ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
type: preprint
user_id: '98120'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '9878'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics have attracted much attention as lead-free piezoelectric
    materials with high piezoelectric properties. High-quality (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics
    can be sintered using KNbO3 and NaNbO3 powders synthesized by a hydrothermal method.
    In this study, to enhance the quality factor of the ceramics, high-power ultrasonic
    irradiation was employed during the hydrothermal method, which led to a reduction
    in the particle size of the resultant powders.
author:
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Isobe, G.
  last_name: Isobe
- first_name: Takafumi
  full_name: Maeda, Takafumi
  last_name: Maeda
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Bornmann, Peter
  last_name: Bornmann
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
  id: '210'
  last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Takeshi
  full_name: Morita, Takeshi
  last_name: Morita
citation:
  ama: Isobe G, Maeda T, Bornmann P, Hemsel T, Morita T. Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric
    powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties of sintered
    (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics. <i>Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control,
    IEEE Transactions on</i>. 2014;61(2):225-230. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608">10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608</a>
  apa: Isobe, G., Maeda, T., Bornmann, P., Hemsel, T., &#38; Morita, T. (2014). Synthesis
    of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method
    and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics. <i>Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,
    and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On</i>, <i>61</i>(2), 225–230. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608">https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Isobe_Maeda_Bornmann_Hemsel_Morita_2014, title={Synthesis of lead-free
    piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties
    of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics}, volume={61}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608">10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608</a>},
    number={2}, journal={Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE
    Transactions on}, author={Isobe, G. and Maeda, Takafumi and Bornmann, Peter and
    Hemsel, Tobias and Morita, Takeshi}, year={2014}, pages={225–230} }'
  chicago: 'Isobe, G., Takafumi Maeda, Peter Bornmann, Tobias Hemsel, and Takeshi
    Morita. “Synthesis of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Powders by Ultrasonic-Assisted Hydrothermal
    Method and Properties of Sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 Ceramics.” <i>Ultrasonics,
    Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On</i> 61, no. 2 (2014):
    225–30. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608">https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608</a>.'
  ieee: G. Isobe, T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and T. Morita, “Synthesis of lead-free
    piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and properties
    of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics,” <i>Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency
    Control, IEEE Transactions on</i>, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 225–230, 2014.
  mla: Isobe, G., et al. “Synthesis of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Powders by Ultrasonic-Assisted
    Hydrothermal Method and Properties of Sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 Ceramics.” <i>Ultrasonics,
    Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On</i>, vol. 61, no.
    2, 2014, pp. 225–30, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608">10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608</a>.
  short: G. Isobe, T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, T. Morita, Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,
    and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions On 61 (2014) 225–230.
date_created: 2019-05-20T13:10:14Z
date_updated: 2019-09-16T10:53:17Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722608
intvolume: '        61'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Q-factor
- ceramics
- crystal growth from solution
- particle size
- piezoelectric materials
- potassium compounds
- powders
- sintering
- sodium compounds
- ultrasonic effects
- (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3
- KNbO3 powders
- NaNbO3 powders
- high-power ultrasonic irradiation
- lead-free piezoelectric materials
- lead-free piezoelectric powders
- particle size reduction
- piezoelectric properties
- quality factor
- sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics
- sintering
- ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method
- Acoustics
- Ceramics
- Lead
- Piezoelectric materials
- Powders
- Radiation effects
- Transducers
language:
- iso: eng
page: 225-230
publication: Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions
  on
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0885-3010
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Synthesis of lead-free piezoelectric powders by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal
  method and properties of sintered (K0.48Na0.52)NBO3 ceramics
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 61
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '9788'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A hydrothermal method utilizes a crystallization process in the solution
    so that the pure and high-quality powders can be realized. Sintering from the
    hydrothermal KNbO3 and NaNbO3 powders, a high-dense lead-free piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3
    ceramics could be obtained (density: 98.8\%). Concerning about the g33 constant,
    high value as large as commercial PZT ceramics was measured. Therefore, the hydrothermal
    (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics is usable for the sensors and the energy harvesting devices.
    To demonstrate the (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics, a hydrophone sensor was fabricated and
    evaluated.'
author:
- first_name: Takafumi
  full_name: Maeda, Takafumi
  last_name: Maeda
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Bornmann, Peter
  last_name: Bornmann
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
  id: '210'
  last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Takeshi
  full_name: Morita, Takeshi
  last_name: Morita
citation:
  ama: 'Maeda T, Bornmann P, Hemsel T, Morita T. Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal
    lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics. In: <i>Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012
    IEEE International</i>. ; 2012:194-195. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048">10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048</a>'
  apa: Maeda, T., Bornmann, P., Hemsel, T., &#38; Morita, T. (2012). Piezoelectric
    applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics. In <i>Ultrasonics
    Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International</i> (pp. 194–195). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048">https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Maeda_Bornmann_Hemsel_Morita_2012, title={Piezoelectric
    applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048">10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048</a>},
    booktitle={Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International}, author={Maeda,
    Takafumi and Bornmann, Peter and Hemsel, Tobias and Morita, Takeshi}, year={2012},
    pages={194–195} }'
  chicago: Maeda, Takafumi, Peter Bornmann, Tobias Hemsel, and Takeshi Morita. “Piezoelectric
    Applications of Hydrothermal Lead-Free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 Ceramics.” In <i>Ultrasonics
    Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International</i>, 194–95, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048">https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048</a>.
  ieee: T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, and T. Morita, “Piezoelectric applications
    of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics,” in <i>Ultrasonics Symposium
    (IUS), 2012 IEEE International</i>, 2012, pp. 194–195.
  mla: Maeda, Takafumi, et al. “Piezoelectric Applications of Hydrothermal Lead-Free
    (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 Ceramics.” <i>Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International</i>,
    2012, pp. 194–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048">10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048</a>.
  short: 'T. Maeda, P. Bornmann, T. Hemsel, T. Morita, in: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS),
    2012 IEEE International, 2012, pp. 194–195.'
date_created: 2019-05-13T13:28:05Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:20Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0048
keyword:
- crystallisation
- hydrophones
- piezoceramics
- potassium compounds
- powder technology
- powders
- sensors
- sintering
- sodium compounds
- (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3
- KNbO3 powder
- NaNbO3 powder
- crystallization
- energy harvesting devices
- g33 constant
- hydrophone sensor
- hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics
- hydrothermal method
- piezoelectric applications
- sintering
- Materials
- Transducers
language:
- iso: eng
page: 194-195
publication: Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2012 IEEE International
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1948-5719
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Piezoelectric applications of hydrothermal lead-free (K0.48Na0.52)NbO3 ceramics
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2012'
...