@inproceedings{37066, abstract = {{Today, mobile and embedded real-time systems have to cope with the migration and allocation of multiple software tasks running on top of a real-time operating system (RTOS) residing on one or multiple system processors. Abstract RTOS simulations and timing analysis applies for fast and early estimation to configure it towards the individual needs of the application and environment. In this context, a high accuracy of the simulation compared to an instruction set simulation (ISS) is of key importance. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of abstract RTOS simulation and compare it to ISS and the behavior of the physical system. We show that we can reach an increased accuracy of the simulation when we inject noise into the time model. Our results indicate that it is sufficient to inject uniformly distributed random time values to the RTOS real-time clock.}}, author = {{Zabel, Henning and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of DATE'09}}, isbn = {{978-1-4244-3781-8}}, keywords = {{Timing, Analytical models, Clocks, Performance analysis, Scheduling, Operating systems, Delay, Real time systems, Application software, Context modeling}}, title = {{{Increased Accuracy through Noise Injection in Abstract RTOS Simulation}}}, doi = {{10.1109/DATE.2009.5090925}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{17272, abstract = {{In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding infants' learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. In the field of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot interaction (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature cognitive capabilities benefit from this behavior. However, according to our knowledge, it has barely been studied whether this is true and how exactly humans alter their behavior towards a robotic interaction partner. In this paper, we present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior in social robotics. In our study, we performed a detailed multimodal analysis of HRI in a tutoring situation using the example of a robot simulation equipped with a bottom-up saliency-based attention model. Our results reveal significant differences in hand movement velocity, motion pauses, range of motion, and eye gaze suggesting that for example adults decrease their hand movement velocity in an Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), opposed to an Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI) and this decrease is even higher in the Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI). We also found important differences between ACI and ARI in how the behavior is modified over time as the interaction unfolds. These findings indicate the necessity of integrating top-down feedback structures into a bottom-up system for robots to be fully accepted as interaction partners.}}, author = {{Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Fischer, Kerstin and Nagai, Yukie and Pitsch, Karola and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}}, booktitle = {{Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning}}, keywords = {{robot simulation, hand movement velocity, robotic interaction partner, robotic agent, robot-directed interaction, multimodal analysis, Motionese, Motherese, intelligent tutoring systems, immature cognitive capability, human computer interaction, eye gaze, child-directed speech, child-directed motion, bottom-up system, bottom-up saliency-based attention model, adult-robot interaction, adult-child interaction, adult-adult interaction, human-robot interaction, action learning, social learning scenario, social robotics, software agents, top-down feedback structures, tutoring behavior}}, pages = {{1--6}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning}}}, doi = {{10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{38107, abstract = {{TestML is an XML-based language for the exchange of test descriptions in automotive systems design and mainly introduced through the structural definition of an XML schema as an independent exchange format for existing tools and methods covering a wide range of different test technologies. In this paper, we present a rigorous formal behavioral semantics for TestML by means of Abstract State Machines (ASMs). Our semantics is a concise, unambiguous, high-level specification for TestML-based implementations and serves as a basis to define exact and well-defined mappings between existing test languages and TestML.}}, author = {{Großmann, Jürgen and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proc. of ISOLA 06}}, isbn = {{978-0-7695-3071-0}}, keywords = {{System testing, Software testing, Automotive engineering, Automatic testing, Machinery production industries, Protocols, Hardware design languages, Samarium, XML, Computer industry}}, location = {{Paphos, Cyprus}}, title = {{{A Formal Behavioral Semantics for TestML}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ISoLA.2006.37}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{39029, abstract = {{UML 2.0 provides a rich set of diagrams for systems documentation and specification. Much effort has been undertaken to employ different aspects of UML for multiple domains, mainly in the area of software systems. Considering the area of electronic design automation, however, we currently see only very few approaches which investigate UML for hardware design and hardware/software co-design. We present an approach for executable UML closing the gap from system specification to its model-based execution on reconfigurable hardware. For this purpose, we present our abstract execution platform (AEP), which is based on a virtual machine running an executable UML subset for embedded software and reconfigurable hardware. This subset combines UML 2.0 classes, state-machines and sequence diagrams for a complete system specification. We describe how these binary encoded UML specifications can be directly executed and give the implementation of such a virtual machine on a Virtex II FPGA. Finally, we present evaluation results comparing the AEP implementation with C code on a C167 microcontroller.}}, author = {{Schattkowsky, Tim and Müller, Wolfgang and Rettberg, Achim}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of DATE’05}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2288-2}}, keywords = {{Hardware, Unified modeling language, Virtual machining, Object oriented modeling, Field programmable gate arrays, Java, Microcontrollers, Embedded software, Real time systems, Documentation}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{A Model-Based Approach for Executable Specification on Reconfigurable Hardware}}}, doi = {{10.1109/DATE.2005.20}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{39030, abstract = {{StateCharts are well accepted for embedded systems specification for various applications. However, for the specification of complex systems they have several limitations. In this article, we present a novel approach to efficiently execute an UML 2.0 subset for embedded real- time systems implementation with focus on hardware interrupts, software exceptions, and timeouts. We introduce a UML Virtual Machine, which directly executes sequence diagrams, which are embedded into hierarchically structured state transition diagrams. Whereas state diagrams are directly executed as Embedded State Machines (ESMs), sequence diagrams are translated into UVM Bytecode. The final UVM execution is performed by the interaction of the ESM and the Bytecode Interpreter. Due to our completely model- based approach, the UVM runtime kernel is easily adaptable and scalable to different scheduling and memory management strategies.}}, author = {{Schattkowsky, Tim and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of ISNG 05}}, keywords = {{UML, Executable Models, Hardware/Software Co-design, Virtual Machine, Embedded Systems}}, title = {{{A UML Virtual Machine for Embedded Systems}}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{39032, abstract = {{Executable UML models are nowadays gaining interest in embedded systems design. This domain is strongly devoted to the modeling of reactive behavior using StateChart variants. In this context, the direct execution of UML state machines is an interesting alternative to native code generation approaches since it significantly increases portability. However, fully featured UML 2.0 State Machines may contain a broad set of features with complex execution semantics that differ significantly from other StateChart variants. This makes their direct execution complex and inefficient. In this paper, we demonstrate how such state machines can be represented using a small subset of the UML state machine features that enables efficient execution. We describe the necessary model transformations in terms of graph transformations and discuss the underlying semantics and implications for execution.}}, author = {{Schattkowsky, Tim and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of VL/HCC 05}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2443-5}}, keywords = {{Unified modeling language, Software design, Virtual machining, Embedded system, Programming, Documentation, Hardware, Computer languages, Operating systems, Runtime}}, title = {{{Transformation of UML State Machines for Direct Execution}}}, doi = {{10.1109/VLHCC.2005.64}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{39069, abstract = {{We present the syntax and semantics of a past- and future-oriented temporal extension of the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Our extension supports designers to express time-bounded properties over a state-oriented UML model of a system under development. The semantics is formally defined over the system states of a mathematical object model. Additionally, we present a mapping to Clocked Linear Temporal Logic (Clocked LTL) formulae, which is the basis for further application in verification with model checking. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach by the example of a buffer specification in the context of a production system.}}, author = {{Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of SEFM´04}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2222-X}}, keywords = {{Unified modeling language, Logic, Clocks, Boolean functions, Application software, Time factors, Real time systems, Formal verification, Buffer storage, Software packages}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Past- and Future-Oriented Time-Bound Temporal Properties with OCL}}}, doi = {{10.1109/SEFM.2004.1347516}}, year = {{2004}}, } @inproceedings{39382, abstract = {{We present a rigorous but transparent semantics definition of the SpecC language that covers the execution of SpecC behaviors and their interaction with the kernel process. The semantics include wait, wait for, par, and try statements as they are introduced in SpecC. We present our definition in form of distributed abstract state machine (ASM) rules strictly following the lines of the SpecC Language Reference Manual. We mainly see our formal semantics in three application areas. First, it is a concise, unambiguous description for documentation and standardization. Second, it applies as a high-level, pseudo code-oriented specification for the implementation of a SpecC simulator. Finally, it is a first step for SpecC synthesis in order to identify similar concepts with other languages like VHDL and SystemC for the definition of common patterns and language subsets.}}, author = {{Müller, Wolfgang and Dömer, Rainer and Gerstlauer, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the ISSS02}}, isbn = {{1-58113-576-9}}, keywords = {{Standardization, Kernel, Permission, Formal verification, Logic functions, Documentation, Reasoning about programs, Specification languages, Formal specifications, Software systems}}, title = {{{The Formal Execution Semantics of SpecC}}}, doi = {{10.1145/581199.581234 }}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{39403, abstract = {{The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has received wide acceptance as a standard language in the field of software specification by means of different diagram types. In a recent version of UML, the textual Object Constraint Language (OCL) was introduced to support specification of constraints for UML models. But OCL currently does not provide sufficient means to specify constraints over the dynamic behavior of a model. This article presents an OCL extension that is consistent with current OCL and enables modelers to specify state-related time-bounded constraints. We consider the case study of a flexible manufacturing system and identify typical real-time constraints. The constraints are presented in our temporal OCL extension as well as in temporal logic formulae. For general application, we define a semantics of our OCL extension by means of a time-bounded temporal logic based on Computational Tree Logic (CTL).}}, author = {{Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of HICSS-35}}, isbn = {{0-7695-1435-9}}, keywords = {{Unified modeling language, Logic, Formal verification, Real time systems, Programming profession, Vehicle dynamics, Software standards, Flexible manufacturing systems, Electronics industry, Protocols}}, location = {{Big Island, HI, USA }}, title = {{{Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469}}, year = {{2002}}, } @article{39925, author = {{Goser, K. and Hilleringmann, Ulrich and Rueckert, U. and Schumacher, K.}}, issn = {{0272-1732}}, journal = {{IEEE Micro}}, keywords = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hardware and Architecture, Software}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{28--44}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{VLSI technologies for artificial neural networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/40.42985}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2002}}, } @article{39926, author = {{Goser, K. and Hilleringmann, Ulrich and Rueckert, U. and Schumacher, K.}}, issn = {{0272-1732}}, journal = {{IEEE Micro}}, keywords = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hardware and Architecture, Software}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{28--44}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{VLSI technologies for artificial neural networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/40.42985}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2002}}, } @article{45423, author = {{Mahnken, Rolf}}, issn = {{1069-8299}}, journal = {{Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering}}, keywords = {{Applied Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, General Engineering, Modeling and Simulation, Software}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{745--754}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Improved implementation of an algorithm for non-linear isotropic/kinematic hardening in elastoplasticity}}}, doi = {{10.1002/(sici)1099-0887(199910)15:10<745::aid-cnm288>3.0.co;2-r}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2002}}, } @article{45427, abstract = {{In this work a gradient‐based optimization method is applied in order to determine material parameters for a viscoplastic model with dynamic yield surface coupled to damage as presented in 1997. To this end a sensitivity analysis consistent with the integration scheme presented previously is performed in a systematic manner, both for strain and stress controlled experiments. The algorithm is tested in two numerical examples: first, simulated data are used, in order to re‐obtain parameters for the case of damage under monotonic loading. In the second example material parameters are obtained based on experimental data for lcf‐testing of an austenetic stainless steel, thus showing a very good agreement with respect to hardening, rate and damage effects.}}, author = {{Mahnken, Rolf and Johansson, Magnus and Runesson, Kenneth}}, issn = {{0264-4401}}, journal = {{Engineering Computations}}, keywords = {{Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, General Engineering, Software}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{925--955}}, publisher = {{Emerald}}, title = {{{Parameter estimation for a viscoplastic damage model using a gradient‐based optimization algorithm}}}, doi = {{10.1108/02644409810236920}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{39411, abstract = {{Rapid prototyping based on 3D models is well accepted for several applications. This article addresses the application of animated virtual 3D prototypes for the development of computer-based systems supporting early collaboration of the system designer with the external customer. Our methodology seamlessly integrates illustration through 3D animation with the main tasks of computer-based real-time systems development, i.e., implementation and verification. The approach is outlined by the example of the design of a flexible manufacturing system.}}, author = {{Flake, Stephan and Geiger, Christian and Müller, Wolfgang and Ruf, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of IEEE KMN 2001}}, isbn = {{0-7695-1269-0}}, keywords = {{Virtual prototyping, Animation, Collaboration, System analysis and design, Feedback, Application software, Power system modeling, Handicapped aids, Process design, Contracts}}, title = {{{Customer-Oriented Systems Design through Virtual Prototyps}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ENABL.2001.953425}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{39432, abstract = {{This article presents SAL, a general purpose scripting language for the rapid development of distributed software agents seamlessly embedded in a visual environment. Integrated facilities for dynamic visualization provide sample but powerful means for debugging and domain-oriented animation. SAL agents are arranged on a set of 2D worksheets which can be distributed over different machines. An agent's program is defined by the means of a table specifying a set of state transition rules with a condition and a sequence of actions each. Beyond basic computation and communication, actions can dynamically modify the agent's depiction, its program, and spawn arbitrary processes. A couple of examples demonstrate SAL's applicability in various domains like electronic systems design and process management.}}, author = {{Müller, Wolfgang and Meyer, A. and Zabel, Henning}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}}, isbn = {{0-7695-0981-9}}, keywords = {{software prototyping, distributed programming, authoring languages, software agents, program visualisation, parallel languages}}, title = {{{A Language for the Rapid Prototyping of Mobile Evolving Agents}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.2001.926319}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{39488, abstract = {{CSCW systems like BSCW (Basic Support for Cooperative Work), HyperNews, and Lotus Notes have been successfully introduced to support the cooperation of geographically distributed work groups. Unfortunately, some of these software systems are not flexible enough to be customized easily to the requirements of an individual user. Most of the environments can only be configured by experts through complex programming. In this article we introduce VIP space, a shared workspace space in the sense of exchanging and processing shared objects between members of distributed work groups. VIP space can be easily adapted to the user's individual views and needs by means of a visual programming language. In VIP space, objects of the shared workspace are moved by drag and drop between task fields. Task fields are programmed by visual "if-then" rules applying a combination of icon- and form-based techniques. When a document represented by an icon is dropped on a task field its rules are checked and actions of the selected rules are excited. VIP space is finally demonstrated in an Internet course application.}}, author = {{Dücker, M. and Müller, Wolfgang and Rubart, Jessica}}, booktitle = {{ Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences}}, isbn = {{0-7695-0001-3}}, keywords = {{Application software, Electronic mail, Computer networks, Collaborative work, Teleconferencing, Asynchronous communication, Software systems, Internet, Computer applications, Discussion forums}}, location = {{Maui, HI, USA }}, title = {{{Innovative Concepts for Configurating Shared Workspaces through Visual Programming}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.1999.773046}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{39487, abstract = {{This article introduces and discusses different innovative means for visual specification and animation of complex concurrent systems. It introduces the completely visual programming language Pictorial Janus (PJ) and its application in the customer-oriented design process. PJ implements a completely visual programming language with inherent animation facilities. The article outlines the transformation of purely visual PJ programs into textual imperative programming languages. The second part of the article investigates animated 3D-presentations and introduces a novel approach to an animated 3D programming language for interactive customer-oriented illustrations.}}, author = {{Geiger, Christian and Lehrenfeld, G. and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of HICSS-32}}, isbn = {{0-7695-0001-3}}, keywords = {{Animation, Computer languages, Object oriented modeling, Collaboration, Process design, Graphical user interfaces, Jacobian matrices, Standardization, Feedback, Software prototyping}}, location = {{Maui, Hawaii}}, title = {{{Visual Specification, Modeling, and Illustrations of Complex Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.1999.772621}}, year = {{1999}}, } @inproceedings{39493, abstract = {{This article presents the animated visual 3D programming language SAM (Solid Agents in Motion) for parallel systems specification and animation. A SAM program is a set of interacting agents synchronously exchanging messages. The agent's behaviour is specified by means of production rules with a condition and a sequence of actions each. Actions are linearly ordered and execute when matching a rule. In SAM, main syntactic objects like agents, rules, and messages are 3D. These objects can have an abstract and a concrete, solid 3D presentation. While the abstract representation is for programming and debugging, the concrete representation is for animated 3D end-user presentations. After outlining the concepts of SAM this article gives two programming examples of 3D micro worlds and an overview of the programming environment.}}, author = {{Geiger, Christian and Müller, Wolfgang and Rosenbach, W.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages}}, isbn = {{0-8186-8712-6}}, keywords = {{Animation, Computer languages, Solids, Concrete, Application software, Virtual reality, Programming profession, Switches, Visualization, Debugging}}, location = {{Halifax, Canada}}, title = {{{SAM - An Animated 3D Programming Language}}}, doi = {{10.1109/VL.1998.706167}}, year = {{1998}}, } @inproceedings{39510, abstract = {{Modeling of human knowledge and reasoning requires the formulation of uncertainty in its various forms. Fuzzy logic was introduced to directly support these applications (H. Zimmermann, 1991). Fuzzy control (FC) which is based on fuzzy logic allows one to control complex systems based on qualitative information like human knowledge (C. Geiger and G. Lehrenfeld, 1994). In fuzzy logic, fuzzy sets are usually defined and manipulated by means of complex mathematics, whereas the fuzzy control process is frequently outlined by visual sketches based on set diagrams in order to enhance the comprehension of the inference process. The rule based execution of this process usually follows the lines of rule based visual programming languages (VPLs), i.e., languages comparable to Agentsheets and ChemTrains. This strongly indicates that VPLs are thus well applicable for this use. We first outline the basic concepts of fuzzy logic and fuzzy control. Thereafter, we sketch a visual language which integrates fuzzy set diagrams in the visual representation of rules. The basic concepts are inherited from the complete visual programming language, Pictorial Janus (PJ). However, we significantly simplify PJ's visual concepts in order to adapt it for our purpose.}}, author = {{Dücker, M. and Geiger, Christian and Lehrenfeld, Georg and Müller, Wolfgang and Tahedl, C.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages}}, isbn = {{0-8186-8144-6}}, keywords = {{Computer languages, Fuzzy control, Fuzzy sets, Animation, Visualization, Fires, Application software, Pattern matching, Impedance matching, Domain specific languages}}, title = {{{A Visual Programming Language for Qualitative Data}}}, doi = {{10.1109/VL.1997.626593}}, year = {{1997}}, } @inproceedings{39505, abstract = {{3D-graphics are becoming popular in a steadily increasing number of areas such as entertainment, scientific visualization, simulation, and virtual reality. Despite this rapid growth the generation of animated 3D scenes is by no means trivial. Since animated 3D objects evolve over time the authors denote these objects as 4D. The article presents a novel approach to the rapid prototyping of 4D models. They introduce the AAL (Animated Agent Layer) system. AAL is an interpreter-based approach covering a textual (AAL-PR) as well as a visual command language (AAL-VL) for the specification of the dynamics in 4D scenes. AAL provides support for different levels of abstraction: primitives, structured objects, animated objects, and animated (autonomous) agents.}}, author = {{Dücker, M. and Geiger, Christian and Hunstock, R. and Lehrenfeld, Georg and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages}}, isbn = {{0-8186-8144-6}}, keywords = {{Prototypes, Layout, Animation, Command languages, Application software, Libraries, Virtual reality, Computer graphics, Hardware, Context modeling}}, title = {{{Visual-Textual Prototyping of 4D Scenes}}}, doi = {{10.1109/VL.1997.626601}}, year = {{1997}}, }