@article{29196,
  abstract     = {{In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys, laser powder bed fusion, Ti-6Al-7Nb, titanium alloy, biomedical engineering, low cycle fatigue, microstructure, nanostructure}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12010122}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{24086,
  abstract     = {{Laser beam melting (LBM) is an advanced manufacturing technology providing
special features and the possibility to produce complex and individual parts directly
from a CAD model. TiAl6V4 is the most common used titanium alloy particularly
in biomedical applications. TiAl6Nb7 shows promising improvements especially
regarding biocompatible properties due to the substitution of the hazardous
vanadium. This work focuses on the examination of laser beam melted TiAl6Nb7.
For microstructural investigation scanning electron microscopy including energydispersive
x-ray spectroscopy as well as electron backscatter diffraction are utilized.
The laser beam melted related acicular microstructure as well as the corresponding
mechanical properties, which are determined by hardness measurements
and tensile tests, are investigated. The laser beam melted alloy meets,
except of breaking elongation A, the mechanical demands like ultimate tensile
strength Rm, yield strength Rp0.2, Vickers hardness HV of international standard
ISO 5832-11. Next steps contain comparison between TiAl6Nb7 and TiAl6V4 in
different conditions. Further investigations aim at improving mechanical properties
of TiAl6Nb7 by heat treatments and assessment of their influence on the microstructure
as well as examination regarding the corrosive behavior in human bodylike
conditions.}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0933-5137}},
  journal      = {{Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}},
  keywords     = {{Laser beam melting, titanium alloy, TiAl6Nb7, biomedical engineering, implants}},
  pages        = {{703--716}},
  title        = {{{Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/mawe.202000288}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}