---
_id: '29196'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing
    technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants
    with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding
    biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features
    are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on
    Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively
    manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions.
    Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as
    well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation,
    scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures
    and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined
    based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests
    with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved
    conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international
    standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength
    and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue
    life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall,
    the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>
article_number: '122'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maxwell
  full_name: Hein, Maxwell
  id: '52771'
  last_name: Hein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3732-2236
- first_name: David
  full_name: Kokalj, David
  last_name: Kokalj
- first_name: Nelson Filipe
  full_name: Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe
  last_name: Lopes Dias
- first_name: Dominic
  full_name: Stangier, Dominic
  last_name: Stangier
- first_name: Hilke
  full_name: Oltmanns, Hilke
  last_name: Oltmanns
- first_name: Sudipta
  full_name: Pramanik, Sudipta
  last_name: Pramanik
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Kietzmann, Manfred
  last_name: Kietzmann
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  id: '48411'
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Jessica
  full_name: Meißner, Jessica
  last_name: Meißner
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Tillmann, Wolfgang
  last_name: Tillmann
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  id: '43720'
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Hein M, Kokalj D, Lopes Dias NF, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively
    Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>.
    2022;12(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>
  apa: Hein, M., Kokalj, D., Lopes Dias, N. F., Stangier, D., Oltmanns, H., Pramanik,
    S., Kietzmann, M., Hoyer, K.-P., Meißner, J., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M.
    (2022). Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated
    Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article
    122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hein_Kokalj_Lopes Dias_Stangier_Oltmanns_Pramanik_Kietzmann_Hoyer_Meißner_Tillmann_et
    al._2022, title={Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated
    Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>},
    number={1122}, journal={Metals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hein, Maxwell and
    Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns,
    Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner,
    Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Hein, Maxwell, David Kokalj, Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias, Dominic Stangier,
    Hilke Oltmanns, Sudipta Pramanik, Manfred Kietzmann, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue
    Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical
    Applications.” <i>Metals</i> 12, no. 1 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Hein <i>et al.</i>, “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications,” <i>Metals</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>.'
  mla: Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, 122, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122">10.3390/met12010122</a>.
  short: M. Hein, D. Kokalj, N.F. Lopes Dias, D. Stangier, H. Oltmanns, S. Pramanik,
    M. Kietzmann, K.-P. Hoyer, J. Meißner, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Metals 12 (2022).
date_created: 2022-01-10T08:25:58Z
date_updated: 2023-04-27T16:42:19Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '158'
doi: 10.3390/met12010122
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: maxhein
  date_created: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
  file_id: '29197'
  file_name: Hein et al - 2022 - Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed
    and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.pdf
  file_size: 6222748
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-10T08:27:11Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Materials Science
- Metals and Alloys
- laser powder bed fusion
- Ti-6Al-7Nb
- titanium alloy
- biomedical engineering
- low cycle fatigue
- microstructure
- nanostructure
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/122
oa: '1'
publication: Metals
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2075-4701
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb
  Alloy for Biomedical Applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '43720'
volume: 12
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '24086'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Laser beam melting (LBM) is an advanced manufacturing technology providing\r\nspecial
    features and the possibility to produce complex and individual parts directly\r\nfrom
    a CAD model. TiAl6V4 is the most common used titanium alloy particularly\r\nin
    biomedical applications. TiAl6Nb7 shows promising improvements especially\r\nregarding
    biocompatible properties due to the substitution of the hazardous\r\nvanadium.
    This work focuses on the examination of laser beam melted TiAl6Nb7.\r\nFor microstructural
    investigation scanning electron microscopy including energydispersive\r\nx-ray
    spectroscopy as well as electron backscatter diffraction are utilized.\r\nThe
    laser beam melted related acicular microstructure as well as the corresponding\r\nmechanical
    properties, which are determined by hardness measurements\r\nand tensile tests,
    are investigated. The laser beam melted alloy meets,\r\nexcept of breaking elongation
    A, the mechanical demands like ultimate tensile\r\nstrength Rm, yield strength
    Rp0.2, Vickers hardness HV of international standard\r\nISO 5832-11. Next steps
    contain comparison between TiAl6Nb7 and TiAl6V4 in\r\ndifferent conditions. Further
    investigations aim at improving mechanical properties\r\nof TiAl6Nb7 by heat treatments
    and assessment of their influence on the microstructure\r\nas well as examination
    regarding the corrosive behavior in human bodylike\r\nconditions."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maxwell
  full_name: Hein, Maxwell
  id: '52771'
  last_name: Hein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3732-2236
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  id: '48411'
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  id: '43720'
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Hein M, Hoyer K-P, Schaper M. Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical
    applications. <i>Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik</i>. 2021;52:703-716.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>
  apa: Hein, M., Hoyer, K.-P., &#38; Schaper, M. (2021). Additively processed TiAl6Nb7
    alloy for biomedical applications. <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>,
    <i>52</i>, 703–716. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hein_Hoyer_Schaper_2021, title={Additively processed TiAl6Nb7
    alloy for biomedical applications}, volume={52}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>},
    journal={Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}, author={Hein, Maxwell and
    Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}, year={2021}, pages={703–716} }'
  chicago: 'Hein, Maxwell, Kay-Peter Hoyer, and Mirko Schaper. “Additively Processed
    TiAl6Nb7 Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>
    52 (2021): 703–16. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Hein, K.-P. Hoyer, and M. Schaper, “Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy
    for biomedical applications,” <i>Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik</i>,
    vol. 52, pp. 703–716, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.'
  mla: Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Additively Processed TiAl6Nb7 Alloy for Biomedical Applications.”
    <i>Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik</i>, vol. 52, 2021, pp. 703–16, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000288">10.1002/mawe.202000288</a>.
  short: M. Hein, K.-P. Hoyer, M. Schaper, Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik
    52 (2021) 703–716.
date_created: 2021-09-09T15:40:08Z
date_updated: 2023-06-01T14:38:03Z
department:
- _id: '158'
doi: 10.1002/mawe.202000288
intvolume: '        52'
keyword:
- Laser beam melting
- titanium alloy
- TiAl6Nb7
- biomedical engineering
- implants
language:
- iso: eng
page: 703-716
publication: Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0933-5137
  - 1521-4052
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '43720'
volume: 52
year: '2021'
...