---
_id: '30913'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Context: The implementation of successful measures to support immigrants'
    integration in cultural, social, and economic life can be considered as one of
    today's greatest challenges for many societies. This is especially true for adolescent
    immigrants who have not yet been able to finish education or gain qualifications
    relevant to joining the labour market. That is why many receiving countries have
    developed and implemented special programmes that aim at supporting immigrants'
    integration by facilitating their employability. Unfortunately, not much is known
    about the process of implementing these programmes or about how education systems,
    schools, and teachers are dealing with the new situation and target group. In
    this contribution, the implementation, development, and challenges of German Vocational
    Integration Classes (VIC), as an example of comparable programmes in the EU, are
    investigated to address this research gap. The paper considers the following exploratory
    research questions: (a) What challenges have been experienced by teachers and
    social workers in the implementation of VIC as well as in the integration of immigrants
    into the labour market in recent years? (b) How can these challenges be met in
    the long run and how should VIC be developed to better achieve its aims? \r\n\r\nMethods:
    To answer these questions, a sequential qualitative study containing questionnaire
    and interview elements was conducted. First, teachers and social workers involved
    in VIC filled in a questionnaire about their experiences and experienced challenges
    in implementing VIC (N = 46). Then, supplementing interviews were conducted with
    participants from the first sample in order to generate further insights and to
    contextualise the findings from the first study part (N = 14). \r\n\r\nFindings:
    From the respondents' answers, it appears that the VIC programme is well implemented.
    The results show, however, that central challenges continue to exist. This concerns,
    for example, legal regulations or the development of adequate curricula, but also
    the scope and quality of language education. In addition, problems have also been
    identified with regard to students' culture-specific education and their individual
    attitudes. These prevailing problems seem to affect schooling and educational
    processes. In addition, respondents report feeling left alone to deal with problems
    and that their experiences from their daily work in VIC and with immigrants are
    not sufficiently taken into account in policy and school-related decisions. \r\n\r\nConclusions:
    Although VIC seems well implemented, key challenges remain in the view of the
    participants. It was found that teachers cannot solve many of the identified problems
    themselves, as they require action at the level of policy or school organisation.
    For staff, this can be accompanied by increased stress and demotivation. For the
    young immigrants, the existing challenges can have a long-term impact on school
    success and transition to vocational education and training. The study thus highlights
    the importance of targeted and holistic strategies to support immigrant integration
    through education. "
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Goller, Michael
  id: '30984'
  last_name: Goller
  orcid: 0000-0002-2820-9178
citation:
  ama: Goller M. Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School to Work?
    A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes. <i>International
    Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>. 2022;9(1):92-119.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>
  apa: Goller, M. (2022). Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School
    to Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes.
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>,
    <i>9</i>(1), 92–119. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Goller_2022, title={Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition
    From School to Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration
    Classes}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>},
    number={1}, journal={International Journal for Research in Vocational Education
    and Training}, author={Goller, Michael}, year={2022}, pages={92–119} }'
  chicago: 'Goller, Michael. “Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From
    School to Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes.”
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>
    9, no. 1 (2022): 92–119. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Goller, “Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School to
    Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes,” <i>International
    Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 9, no. 1,
    pp. 92–119, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>.'
  mla: Goller, Michael. “Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School
    to Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes.”
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>,
    vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, pp. 92–119, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5</a>.
  short: M. Goller, International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and
    Training 9 (2022) 92–119.
date_created: 2022-04-19T09:01:26Z
date_updated: 2022-04-19T09:01:49Z
department:
- _id: '452'
doi: https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5
intvolume: '         9'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Immigration
- Educational Policy
- Employability
- Mixed Methods
- VET
- Vocational Education and Training
- Transitions From Education and Training to Employment
language:
- iso: eng
page: 92-119
publication: International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training
status: public
title: Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School to Work? A Staff
  Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes
type: journal_article
user_id: '50788'
volume: 9
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '34704'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: One of the most powerful events in the still young 21st century is certainly
    the outbreak of the coronavirus and the following COVID-19 pandemic. Massive economic
    as well as social distress caused worldwide devastation. In Germany, not only
    stores, factories, cultural facilities were closed, but also – for the first time
    in history – schools were closed nationwide. Closed working sites and vocational
    schools, as well as working sites, which remained open due to their systemic relevance,
    led to so far unknown challenges in Germany’s vocational education system. A very
    good example are the dual apprenticeships, such as trained retail salesman, which
    were only partially affected by closures. The main goal of education policy was
    to compensate personal communication and interaction via digital media. This article’s
    main aim is to reveal the strategies vocational schools have developed to overcome
    the challenges they had to face because of the pandemic.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sommer, Christian
  id: '33108'
  last_name: Sommer
- first_name: Daniela
  full_name: Szczesny, Daniela
  id: '44658'
  last_name: Szczesny
citation:
  ama: 'Sommer C, Szczesny D. Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung zum/zur Verkäufer:in
    und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie. In: Heisler
    D, Meier JA, eds. <i>Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s).
    Folgen für die schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb
    und bei Bildungsträgern.</i> ; 2022:329-348. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579">10.3278/9783763972579</a>'
  apa: Sommer, C., &#38; Szczesny, D. (2022). Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung
    zum/zur Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.
    In D. Heisler &#38; J. A. Meier (Eds.), <i>Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen
    und Lockdown(s). Folgen für die schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung
    in Schule, im Betrieb und bei Bildungsträgern.</i> (pp. 329–348). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579">https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Sommer_Szczesny_2022, title={Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung
    zum/zur Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579">10.3278/9783763972579</a>},
    booktitle={Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen
    für die schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb
    und bei Bildungsträgern.}, author={Sommer, Christian and Szczesny, Daniela}, editor={Heisler,
    Dietmar and Meier, Jörg A.}, year={2022}, pages={329–348} }'
  chicago: Sommer, Christian, and Daniela Szczesny. “Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung
    zum/zur Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.”
    In <i>Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen für die
    schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb und bei
    Bildungsträgern.</i>, edited by Dietmar Heisler and Jörg A. Meier, 329–48, 2022.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579">https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579</a>.
  ieee: C. Sommer and D. Szczesny, “Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung zum/zur
    Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.,”
    in <i>Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen für die
    schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb und bei
    Bildungsträgern.</i>, D. Heisler and J. A. Meier, Eds. 2022, pp. 329–348.
  mla: Sommer, Christian, and Daniela Szczesny. “Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung
    zum/zur Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.”
    <i>Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen für die
    schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb und bei
    Bildungsträgern.</i>, edited by Dietmar Heisler and Jörg A. Meier, 2022, pp. 329–48,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763972579">10.3278/9783763972579</a>.
  short: 'C. Sommer, D. Szczesny, in: D. Heisler, J.A. Meier (Eds.), Berufsausbildung
    zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen für die schulische und außerschulische
    Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb und bei Bildungsträgern., 2022, pp. 329–348.'
date_created: 2022-12-21T11:45:14Z
date_updated: 2025-05-16T10:32:07Z
department:
- _id: '451'
doi: 10.3278/9783763972579
editor:
- first_name: Dietmar
  full_name: Heisler, Dietmar
  last_name: Heisler
- first_name: Jörg A.
  full_name: Meier, Jörg A.
  last_name: Meier
keyword:
- COVID-19
- Digitalization
- Vocational education and training
- Retail
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- url: https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/57970
page: 329-348
publication: Berufsausbildung zwischen Hygienemaßnahmen und Lockdown(s). Folgen für
  die schulische und außerschulische Berufsausbildung in Schule, im Betrieb und bei
  Bildungsträgern.
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Organisation der dualen Berufsausbildung zum/zur Verkäufer:in und Kaufmann:frau
  im Einzelhandel im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie.
type: book_chapter
user_id: '33108'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '35202'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Purpose: This study aims at investigating how digitalisation (in the sense
    of industry 4.0) has changed the work of farmers and how they experience the changes
    from more traditional work to digitalised agriculture. It also investigates what
    knowledge farmers require on digitalised farms and how they acquire it. Dairy
    farming was used as domain of investigation since it, unlike other industries,
    has strongly been affected by digitalisation throughout the last years.\r\n\r\nMethod:
    Exploratory interviews with 10 livestock farmers working on digitalised dairy
    farms were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A deductive and inductive
    coding strategy was used. \r\n\r\nFindings: Farming work has changed from more
    manual tasks towards symbol manipulation and data processing. Farmers must be
    able to use computers and other digital devices to retrieve and analyse sensor
    data that allow them to monitor and control the processes on their farm. For this
    new kind of work, farmers require elaborated mental models that link traditional
    farming knowledge with knowledge about digital systems, including a strong understanding
    of production processes underlying their farm. Learning is mostly based on instructions
    offered by manufacturers of the new technology as well as informal and non-formal
    learning modes. Even younger farmers report that digital technology was not sufficiently
    covered in their (vocational) degrees. In general, farmers emphasises the positive
    effects of digitalisation both on their working as well as private life. \r\n\r\nConclusions:
    Farmers should be aware of the opportunities as well as the potential drawbacks
    of the digitalisation of work processes in agriculture. Providers of agricultural
    education (like vocational schools or training institutes) need to incorporate
    the knowledge and skills required to work in digitalised environments (e.g., data
    literacy) in their syllabi. Further studies are required to assess how digitalisation
    changes farming practices and what knowledge as well as skills linked to these
    developments are required in the future."
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Goller, Michael
  id: '30984'
  last_name: Goller
  orcid: 0000-0002-2820-9178
- first_name: Carina
  full_name: Caruso, Carina
  id: '23123'
  last_name: Caruso
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Harteis, Christian
  id: '27503'
  last_name: Harteis
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-7626
citation:
  ama: 'Goller M, Caruso C, Harteis C. Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and
    Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International Journal for Research
    in Vocational Education and Training</i>. 2021;8(2):208–223. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  apa: 'Goller, M., Caruso, C., &#38; Harteis, C. (2021). Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International
    Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, <i>8</i>(2), 208–223.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Goller_Caruso_Harteis_2021, title={Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers}, volume={8}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>}, number={2},
    journal={International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training},
    author={Goller, Michael and Caruso, Carina and Harteis, Christian}, year={2021},
    pages={208–223} }'
  chicago: 'Goller, Michael, Carina Caruso, and Christian Harteis. “Digitalisation
    in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.”
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>
    8, no. 2 (2021): 208–223. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  ieee: 'M. Goller, C. Caruso, and C. Harteis, “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge
    and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers,” <i>International Journal for
    Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 208–223,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  mla: 'Goller, Michael, et al. “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning
    Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.” <i>International Journal for Research in
    Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, pp. 208–223, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  short: M. Goller, C. Caruso, C. Harteis, International Journal for Research in Vocational
    Education and Training 8 (2021) 208–223.
date_created: 2023-01-04T10:08:59Z
date_updated: 2023-01-06T12:17:27Z
doi: 10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Work-Based Learning
- Organisational Change
- Digital Competences
- Qualitative Research
- Digitalisation
- Farming
- Dairy
- VET
- Vocational Education and Training
language:
- iso: eng
page: 208–223
publication: International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2197-8646
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German
  Dairy Farmers'
type: journal_article
user_id: '86519'
volume: 8
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '35836'
abstract:
- lang: ger
  text: Digitalisierung ist derzeit ein viel diskutiertes Thema. Mit ihr werden derart
    tief grei- fende Veränderungen der Gesellschaft und Arbeitswelt erwartet, dass
    sie häufig als digitale Revolution bezeichnet wird. Gleichzeitig wirft die Auseinandersetzung
    mit diesen antizipierten Veränderungen viele noch unbeantwortete Fragen auf. Diese
    umfassen unter anderem Überlegungen hinsichtlich des Substitutionspotenzials menschlicher
    Arbeit durch die Digitalisierung, die Frage nach der Ausgestaltung der Rolle des
    Menschen in der Industrie 4.0 und schließlich Erwägungen in Bezug auf die Vorbereitung
    und Begleitung von Beschäftigten in der digitalen Transformation. Der vorliegende
    Beitrag gibt Aufschluss über die Dimensionen der Digitalisierung und die derzeit
    diskutierten Entwicklungslinien; er befasst sich weiterhin mit den sich daraus
    ergebenden Herausforderungen und Bedeutungen für die industrielle Arbeit und die
    Beschäftigten. Abschließend werden daraus abzuleitende Implikationen für die berufliche
    und allgemeine Bildung diskutiert.
- lang: eng
  text: Digitalization is currently a widely discussed topic. It is expected to bring
    such far-reaching changes in society and the working environment that it is often
    described as digital revolution. At the same time, dealing with these changes
    raises many unresolved questions. These include considerations on the substitution
    potential of human labor through digitalization, the question of how the role
    of humans in digitalized work may be shaped and, finally, considerations on how
    to prepare and support employees in the digital transformation. This article provides
    information about the dimensions of digitization and the lines of development
    currently under discussion; it also addresses the resulting challenges and effects
    on industrial work and employees. Finally, implications for the vocational and
    general education are discussed.
author:
- first_name: 'Angelina '
  full_name: 'Berisha-Gawlowski, Angelina '
  last_name: Berisha-Gawlowski
- first_name: Carina
  full_name: Caruso, Carina
  id: '23123'
  last_name: Caruso
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Goller, Michael
  id: '30984'
  last_name: Goller
  orcid: 0000-0002-2820-9178
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Harteis, Christian
  id: '27503'
  last_name: Harteis
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-7626
citation:
  ama: 'Berisha-Gawlowski A, Caruso C, Goller M, Harteis C. Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung
    industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche und allgemeine Bildung. In: Heisler D,
    Meier J, eds. <i>Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven
    in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung</i>. Vol 56. Berufsbildung, Arbeit
    und Innovation. wbv; 2020:33–51. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w">10.3278/6004725w</a>'
  apa: Berisha-Gawlowski, A., Caruso, C., Goller, M., &#38; Harteis, C. (2020). Auswirkungen
    der Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche und allgemeine Bildung.
    In D. Heisler &#38; J. Meier (Eds.), <i>Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf
    Ansätze und Perspektiven in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung</i> (Vol.
    56, pp. 33–51). wbv. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w">https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Berisha-Gawlowski_Caruso_Goller_Harteis_2020, place={Bielefeld},
    series={Berufsbildung, Arbeit und Innovation}, title={Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung
    industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche und allgemeine Bildung}, volume={56},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w">10.3278/6004725w</a>}, booktitle={Digitalisierung
    am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher
    Förderung}, publisher={wbv}, author={Berisha-Gawlowski, Angelina  and Caruso,
    Carina and Goller, Michael and Harteis, Christian}, editor={Heisler, Dietmar and
    Meier, Jörg}, year={2020}, pages={33–51}, collection={Berufsbildung, Arbeit und
    Innovation} }'
  chicago: 'Berisha-Gawlowski, Angelina , Carina Caruso, Michael Goller, and Christian
    Harteis. “Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche
    und allgemeine Bildung.” In <i>Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze
    und Perspektiven in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung</i>, edited by Dietmar
    Heisler and Jörg Meier, 56:33–51. Berufsbildung, Arbeit und Innovation. Bielefeld:
    wbv, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w">https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Berisha-Gawlowski, C. Caruso, M. Goller, and C. Harteis, “Auswirkungen
    der Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche und allgemeine Bildung,”
    in <i>Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven in Arbeitsdomänen
    und beruflicher Förderung</i>, vol. 56, D. Heisler and J. Meier, Eds. Bielefeld:
    wbv, 2020, pp. 33–51.'
  mla: Berisha-Gawlowski, Angelina, et al. “Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung industrieller
    Arbeit auf die berufliche und allgemeine Bildung.” <i>Digitalisierung am Übergang
    Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung</i>,
    edited by Dietmar Heisler and Jörg Meier, vol. 56, wbv, 2020, pp. 33–51, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3278/6004725w">10.3278/6004725w</a>.
  short: 'A. Berisha-Gawlowski, C. Caruso, M. Goller, C. Harteis, in: D. Heisler,
    J. Meier (Eds.), Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven
    in Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung, wbv, Bielefeld, 2020, pp. 33–51.'
date_created: 2023-01-10T12:39:26Z
date_updated: 2023-01-10T12:39:31Z
doi: 10.3278/6004725w
editor:
- first_name: Dietmar
  full_name: Heisler, Dietmar
  last_name: Heisler
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Meier, Jörg
  last_name: Meier
intvolume: '        56'
keyword:
- Digitalisierung
- Industrie 4.0
- Arbeit 4.0
- berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung
- allgemeine Bildung / digitalization
- industry 4.0
- work 4.0
- vocational education and training
- general education
language:
- iso: ger
page: 33–51
place: Bielefeld
publication: Digitalisierung am Übergang Schule Beruf Ansätze und Perspektiven in
  Arbeitsdomänen und beruflicher Förderung
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-7639-6158-0
publication_status: published
publisher: wbv
series_title: Berufsbildung, Arbeit und Innovation
status: public
title: Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung industrieller Arbeit auf die berufliche und
  allgemeine Bildung
type: book_chapter
user_id: '86519'
volume: 56
year: '2020'
...
