@misc{62764, booktitle = {{Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies}}, editor = {{Strauß, Sara and Boller, Alessandra and Becker, Katrin}}, issn = {{0947-0034}}, number = {{1}}, title = {{{Focus on Irish Communities in a Glocal Context: Literary and Cultural Narratives}}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62798, abstract = {{We investigated electrodeposited nanoparticulate nickel selenide (pre)catalysts that transform into nickel oxides/oxyhydroxides under oxygen evolution reaction conditions in alkaline solutions. Previous studies of this transformation were conducted at lower current densities than those of industrial relevance (≥1 A cm–2). We used ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) to achieve such current densities, benefiting from their small size, ensuring low absolute currents and low ohmic drop but high current densities. Morphological degradation of the catalyst material was only observed at current densities exceeding 1 A cm–2 but not for smaller ones. Using X-ray absorption, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we confirmed that the degradation was accompanied by the literature-known transformation of nanoparticulate Ni3Se2 (bulk)/NiSe (surface) into nickel oxyhydroxide. The transformation of the precatalyst goes along with a significant improvement in the charge transfer kinetics observed by decreasing Tafel slopes with ongoing experimental time extracted from cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the high-frequency range. However, these kinetic improvements are accompanied by limitations in mass transport concluded from decreasing current responses at high overpotentials in CVs and increasing impedance in the low-frequency range of the EIS spectra after extended CV cycling. These mass transport limitations originated from morphological degradations at the UME exceeding 1 A cm–2 which we proved by applying identical location scanning electron microscopy. This has not been reported in studies that have been limited to lower current densities before. Our findings showcase how UMEs can be used to study (pre)catalysts (herein nickel selenides) under current densities of industrial relevance in the absence of ohmic drop-related ambiguities, combined with in-depth materials characterization studies, e.g., identical location microscopy and advanced spectroscopic methods. This approach enables direct evaluation and comparison of catalyst materials and thus demonstrates how to overcome long-standing limitations of electrocatalyst design and testing.}}, author = {{Hiege, Felix and Chang, Chun-Wai and Trost, Oliver and van Halteren, Charlotte E. R. and Hosseini, Pouya and Bendt, Georg and Schulz, Stephan and Feng, Zhenxing and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}}, keywords = {{Electrocatalysis, oxygen evolution reaction, nickel selenide, microelectrode}}, number = {{29}}, pages = {{41893--41903}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, title = {{{Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities}}}, doi = {{10.1021/acsami.5c05381}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62819, abstract = {{Novel oxalate-bridged heterotrinuclear complexes [A][Mn2Cr(bpy)2(H2O)2Cl2(C2O4)3] (A = (CH3)2(C2H5)NH+ (1) and (CH3)(C2H5)2NH+ (2); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) were synthesized using an aqueous solution of [A]3[Cr(C2O4)3] as a building block in reaction with Mn2+ ions and with the addition of the N-donor ligand bipyridine. The isostructural heterometallic complex salts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and impedance spectroscopy, thermal analysis and magnetization measurements. The trinuclear anion [{Mn(bpy)(H2O)Cl(μ-C2O4)}2Cr(C2O4)]− consists of two [Mn(bpy)(H2O)Cl]+ units bridged by the [Cr(C2O4)3]3− anion, which acts as a bidentate ligand towards each of the manganese atoms. The anions are hydrogen bonded to each other via coordinated chloride anions, water molecules and oxygen oxalate atoms, resulting in two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen bonding layers. Compounds exhibit water-assisted proton conductivity behaviour, which was investigated at different temperatures and relative humidities (RH). At 25 °C, an increase in RH from 60% to 93% resulted in an obvious proton conducting switch from 9.1 × 10−11 to 5.6 × 10−5 S cm−1 for 1 and from 7.4 × 10−10 to 1.8 × 10−6 S cm−1 for 2, corresponding to high on/off ratios of about 106 for 1 and 104 for 2. In situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed that unit cell parameters of compounds 1 and 2 slightly increase when exposed to humid conditions. This confirmed that incorporation of water molecules into structures with pores and voids causes the proton conductivity switching phenomenon. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a ferromagnetic interaction between Cr3+ and Mn2+ ions bridged by the bis(bidentate) oxalate group. The prepared compounds 1 and 2 were explored as single-source precursors for the formation of spinel oxide by their thermal treatment. With increasing temperature, the spinel composition changed according to the formula Mn1+xCr2–xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), where x = 0.7 at 500 °C and x = 1 at 900 °C when tet[MnII]oct[MnIIICrIII]O4 is formed. The (micro)structure, morphology, and optical properties of spinel Mn2CrO4 were characterized by PXRD, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of this oxide in degradation of the methylene blue dye under Vis irradiation without and with the support of hydrogen peroxide was further investigated.}}, author = {{Lozančić, Ana and Burazer, Sanja and Wagner, Tobias and Molčanov, Krešimir and Pajić, Damir and Androš Dubraja, Lidija and Tiemann, Michael and Jurić, Marijana}}, issn = {{2050-7526}}, journal = {{Journal of Materials Chemistry C}}, number = {{41}}, pages = {{21179--21195}}, publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}}, title = {{{Water-assisted proton conductivity and a magnetic study of heterotrinuclear oxalate-bridged compounds: molecular precursors for the Mn2CrO4 spinel}}}, doi = {{10.1039/d5tc02569a}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62816, abstract = {{The increasing demand for advanced sensing technologies drives the development of chemical sensors using innovative materials. In gas sensing, optical sensors are often used to detect gases such as CO, NOx, and O2. Oxygen sensors typically incorporate dyes into oxygen-permeable matrices like polymers, silica, or zeolites. Alternatively, semiconductor surface chemistry can enable O2 detection. However, these approaches are often limited by slow response and recovery times and low selectivity, restricting their practical applications. The metal-organic framework MOF-76(Eu) and its yttrium-modified variant, MOF-76(Eu/Y) are reported to exhibit highly reversible and fast optical responses to varying O2 concentrations. Time-resolved emission measurements are performed over short (seconds) and long (hours) timescales using N2 and synthetic air mixtures. Cross-sensitivity to humidity is analyzed. Multichannel scaling photon-counting experiments confirm quenching at the linker level, as the emission lifetime remains nearly constant. Yttrium significantly improves stability and performance at room temperature. Structural and optical changes induced by yttrium are investigated. Additionally, MIL-78(Eu), another Eu-BTC-based MOF with a different coordination environment, is synthesized. Unlike MOF-76(Eu), MIL-78(Eu) exhibits distinct optical properties but lacks a reversible response to O2. These results highlight the potential of MOF-76-based materials for high-performance O2 sensing.}}, author = {{Zhao, Zhenyu and Weinberger, Christian and Steube, Jakob and Bauer, Matthias and Brehm, Martin and Tiemann, Michael}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{Advanced Functional Materials}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Fast‐Responding O2 Gas Sensor Based on Luminescent Europium Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF‐76)}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adfm.202511190}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61474, author = {{Habig, Sebastian and Großmann, Nadine and Schmid, Andrea M. and van Vorst, Helena and Fechner, Sabine and Wilde, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Empirische Befunde der Interessenforschung der Fächer Biologie, Chemie und Physik im Primar- und Sekundarbereich seit 2012 – Ein systematisches Review}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61475, author = {{Zöchling, Sarah and Pletschacher, Laura and Maurer, Christian and Berger, Roland and Lindmaier, Kerstin and Fechner, Sabine and Wodzinski, Rita}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Interessenförderung im Physik- und Chemieunterricht – Eine Bestandsaufnahme}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_10}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62007, abstract = {{Ensemble methods are widely employed to improve generalization in machine learning. This has also prompted the adoption of ensemble learning for the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models in performing link prediction. Typical approaches to this end train multiple models as part of the ensemble, and the diverse predictions are then averaged. However, this approach has some significant drawbacks. For instance, the computational overhead of training multiple models increases latency and memory overhead. In contrast, model merging approaches offer a promising alternative that does not require training multiple models. In this work, we introduce model merging, specifically weighted averaging, in KGE models. Herein, a running average of model parameters from a training epoch onward is maintained and used for predictions. To address this, we additionally propose an approach that selectively updates the running average of the ensemble model parameters only when the generalization performance improves on a validation dataset. We evaluate these two different weighted averaging approaches on link prediction tasks, comparing the state-of-the-art benchmark ensemble approach. Additionally, we evaluate the weighted averaging approach considering literal-augmented KGE models and multi-hop query answering tasks as well. The results demonstrate that the proposed weighted averaging approach consistently improves performance across diverse evaluation settings.}}, author = {{Sapkota, Rupesh and Demir, Caglar and Sharma, Arnab and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture(K-CAP 2025)}}, keywords = {{Knowledge Graphs, Embeddings, Ensemble Learning}}, location = {{Dayton, OH, USA}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Parameter Averaging in Link Prediction}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1145/3731443.3771365}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62871, author = {{Wehde, Janis}}, issn = {{2190-6890}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift für Bildungsforschung}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen zur methodischen Gestaltung eines gemeinschaftsorientierten und partizipativ-verfahrensorientierten Unterrichts: Entwicklung von Kurzskalen zur schulischen Demokratiebildung}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s35834-025-00522-4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60568, author = {{Bocchini, Adriana and Kollmann, S. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Grundmeier, Guido}}, issn = {{0039-6028}}, journal = {{Surface Science}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Phosphonic acid adsorption on α-Bi2O3 surfaces}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776}}, volume = {{760}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61156, abstract = {{Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’ on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.}}, author = {{Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Lenke, Michael and Lohmer, Vivien and Rohlfing, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid and Singh, Amit and Terfloth, Lutz and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Wang, Yu and Wilmes, Annedore and Wrede, Britta}}, journal = {{Cognitive Systems Research}}, keywords = {{understanding, explaining, explanations, explainable, AI, interdisciplinarity, comprehension, enabledness, agency}}, title = {{{Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{62203, abstract = {{Abstract This study investigates parents’ perspectives on the preferred onset of English education in Germany and potential explanatory factors drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 2,645 parents from the EUBE project ( Englischunterrichtsbeginn aus Elternsicht / Parental perspectives on the onset of English Language Education). Results reveal that a significant majority of parents advocate for an early start in year 1 or 2 of primary school, generally aligning with their strong conviction of the importance of English, high educational aspirations and expectations, and their own (early) start of language education. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of parental perspectives that have also shown to be related to multiple indicators of educational success in general and achievements in language learning in particular.}}, author = {{Rumlich, Dominik and Porsch, Raphaela}}, booktitle = {{Early language education in instructed contexts}}, editor = {{Frisch, Stefanie and Glaser, Karen}}, isbn = {{9789027223449}}, pages = {{286--305}}, publisher = {{John Benjamins Publishing Company}}, title = {{{Starting early or late? Parental perspectives on the onset of English language education at primary school in Germany}}}, doi = {{10.1075/lllt.62.13rum}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{63000, abstract = {{Critical political economy of communication and the media (CPECM) is an approach and field of study that critically analyzes how the interaction of politics and the economy in society shapes and is shaped by (mediated) communication. This study asks: What is the role of methodology in the approach of CPECM? How are methods and media ethics related in the critical study of media, economy, and society? The article argues that CPECM is distinct in that it asks special types of questions that are different from the questions asked by administrative research. This study points out 10 methodological dimensions of CPECM. It argues that empirical ideology critique should not be situated outside but inside of CPECM. It becomes evident that, other than conventional methods in media and communication studies, CPECM methodology is guided by ethics, moral philosophy, and critical theories.}}, author = {{Fuchs, Christian}}, issn = {{0196-8599}}, journal = {{Journal of Communication Inquiry}}, publisher = {{SAGE Publications}}, title = {{{The Question of Methodology in Critical Political Economy of Communication and the Media}}}, doi = {{10.1177/01968599251405272}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62201, abstract = {{ABSTRACTThe use of digital tools for second and foreign language lexical learning is increasingly popular and research in this area is constantly expanding. However, little has been written about specific criteria that could be used to identify tools with high‐quality lexical input, as available checklists and frameworks for digital media tend to neglect detailed analyses of the vocabulary domain. This article addresses this issue by presenting the Checklist for Evaluating Digital Resources for Lexical Learning (DigiLex), which combines important digital language learning criteria with an extensive evaluation of lexical content. The checklist is both theory‐based and user‐friendly, aiming to fill a gap between theory and practice in the field of digital lexical learning. The article discusses the theoretical basis of the checklist and integrates the results of a small pilot study with pre‐service and in‐service teachers, emphasizing feasibility in everyday learning and teaching. By providing an easy‐to‐use tool for identifying suitable digital resources, the DigiLex checklist aims to support language learners and teachers in self‐regulated lexical learning.}}, author = {{Lehmkuhl, Paulina and Wagner, Benedikt and Frisch, Stefanie and Rumlich, Dominik and Visser, Judith}}, issn = {{1056-7941}}, journal = {{TESOL Journal}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{DigiLex — A Checklist for the Evaluation of Digital Tools for Second and Foreign Language Lexical Learning}}}, doi = {{10.1002/tesj.70016}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2025}}, } @techreport{62200, author = {{Becker-Mrotzek, Michael and Efing, Christian and Gerick, Julia and Greefrath, Gilbert and Hammann, Marcus and Hannover, Bettina and Heckhausen, Jutta and Jost, Jörg and Keller, Stefan and Leiß, Dominik and Leutner, Detlev and Lewalter, Doris and Lindmeier, Anke and Matschke, Christina and Neumann, Knut and Parchmann, Ilka and Rossa, Henning and Rumlich, Dominik and Senkbeil, Martin and Schumann, Stephan and Vahrenhold, Jan and Glutsch, Nina and Guill, Karin and Schulte, Judith and Suckut, Julia and Tiedtke, Per and Adomat, DomJenniferinik}}, publisher = {{Ständige Wissenschaftliche Kommission der Kultusministerkonferenz (SWK)}}, title = {{{Kompetenzen für den erfolgreichen Übergang von der Sekundarstufe I in die berufliche Ausbildung sichern. Gutachten der Ständigen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission der Kultusministerkonferenz}}}, doi = {{10.25656/01:32815}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{63011, author = {{Wedekind, Lisa and Pollmeier, Pascal and Fechner, Sabine}}, booktitle = {{Entdecken, lehren und forschen im Schülerlabor}}, editor = {{van Vorst, Helena}}, location = {{Bochum}}, pages = {{145--148}}, title = {{{Analogiebildung in kontextorientierten Lernumgebungen}}}, volume = {{45}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62269, abstract = {{The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at room temperature. Nevertheless, compatibility with certain quantum light sources and superconducting detectors requires operation under cryogenic conditions. We characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm, under cryogenic conditions. Despite the effects of pyroelectricity and photorefraction, the spectral properties match our theoretical model. Nevertheless, these effects cause small but significant variations within and between cooling cycles. These measurements provide a first benchmark against which other nonlinear photonic integration platforms, such as thin-film lithium niobate, can be compared.}}, author = {{Lange, Nina Amelie and Lengeling, Sebastian and Mues, Philipp and Quiring, Viktor and Ridder, Werner and Eigner, Christof and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}}, issn = {{1094-4087}}, journal = {{Optics Express}}, number = {{24}}, publisher = {{Optica Publishing Group}}, title = {{{Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}}}, doi = {{10.1364/oe.578108}}, volume = {{33}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{63034, author = {{Stallmeister, Lea and Rezat, Sebastian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Mathematics Textbook Research and Development}}, editor = {{Pepin, Birgit and Kohanová, Iveta and Langfeldt, Marit Buset}}, isbn = {{978-82-691902-2-9}}, location = {{Trondheim, Norway}}, publisher = {{Norwegian University of Science and Technology}}, title = {{{Students’ use of different material resources for specific purposes in the process of learning mathematics}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{63072, abstract = {{Titanium alloys are widely employed for biomedical implants due to their high strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance, yet their lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity remains a major limitation. Incorporating copper, an antibacterial and β-stabilising element, offers a promising strategy to enhance implant performance. This study investigates Ti-6Al-7Nb modified with 1–9 wt.% Cu via in situ alloying during metal-based laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M), with the aim of assessing processability, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties. Highly dense samples (>99.9%) were produced across all Cu levels, though chemical homogeneity strongly depended on processing parameters. Increasing Cu content promoted β-phase stabilisation, Ti2Cu precipitation, and pronounced grain refinement. Hardness and yield strength increased nearly linearly with Cu addition, while ductility decreased sharply at ≥5 wt.% Cu due to intermetallic formation, hot cracking, and brittle fracture. These results illustrate both the opportunities and constraints of rapid alloy screening via PBF-LB/M. Overall, moderate Cu additions of 1–3 wt.% provide the most favourable balance between mechanical performance, manufacturability, and potential antibacterial functionality. These findings provide a clear guideline for the design of Cu-functionalised titanium implants and demonstrate the efficiency of in situ alloy screening for accelerated materials development.}}, author = {{Steinmeier, Paul and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Zielke, Reiner and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}}, issn = {{2073-4352}}, journal = {{Crystals}}, keywords = {{Biomaterial, In Situ Alloying, Titanium, Additive Manufacturing}}, number = {{12}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{In Situ Alloying of Ti-6Al-7Nb with Copper Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion}}}, doi = {{10.3390/cryst15121053}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61427, abstract = {{The carbon footprint of modern vehicles and their mechatronic systems is more important than ever. Research by the publicly funded Nalyses project and the HELLA company shows that the headlamps use phase makes a significant contribution to the life cycle footprint taking into account the current electricity mix [1]. Today, functionalities such as adaptive curve light or glare-free high beam ensure comfort and safety by assessing the state of the vehicle and evaluating the driving scenario ahead. In future, this evaluation will be expanded and used to adapt the headlamp to the driving scenario in such a way that as little light as possible is emitted, but as much light as necessary. In order to achieve this goal, an overall evaluation of the regulatory compliant energy saving potential is crucial in a first step and leads to constraints for a dynamic adaption while driving. In this paper, the potential is illustrated by evaluating UNECE Regulation No. 149 and optimizing luminous intensity distributions. Depending on the different resolutions of matrix LED headlamps, this approach can result in a significantly lower luminous flux. On the other hand, the results are point-like distributions that raise the question of whether the regulation still provides for sensible minimum requirements for modern matrix LED headlamps. The results are further presented in a simulated virtual environment with regard to the resulting luminance in different driving scenarios. We then present an approach to integrate regulatory requirements into a control algorithm by setting optimization constraints and saturating the control. Finally, we classify the found luminous intensity distributions qualitatively according to common lighting criteria. In summary, although the investigated minimum distributions are by no means desirable for drivers themselves, they form the basis on which energy-saving distributions for illuminated areas and twilight scenarios could be adaptively controlled in the future.}}, author = {{Fittkau, Niklas and Bußemas, Leon and Malena, Kevin and Gausemeier, Sandra and Trächtler, Ansgar}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting 2025}}, location = {{Darmstadt}}, title = {{{Regulatory-compliant energy-saving potential for the passing beam of matrix LED headlamps}}}, doi = {{10.26083/tuprints-00030840}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60466, author = {{Brockmeier, Julian and Schapeler, Timon and Lange, Nina Amelie and Höpker, Jan Philipp and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine and Bartley, Tim}}, journal = {{New Journal of Physics}}, title = {{{Harnessing temporal dispersion for integrated pump filtering in spontaneous heralded single-photon generation processes}}}, doi = {{10.1088/1367-2630/ade46c}}, year = {{2025}}, }