@inproceedings{62738, abstract = {{Vulnerability disclosures are necessary to improve the security of our digital ecosystem. However, they can also be challenging for researchers: it may be hard to find out who the affected parties even are, or how to contact them. Researchers may be ignored or face adversity when disclosing vulnerabilities. We investigate researchers' experiences with vulnerability disclosures, extract best practices, and make recommendations for researchers, institutions that employ them, industry, and regulators to enable effective vulnerability disclosures.}}, author = {{Sri Ramulu, Harshini and Rotthaler, Anna Lena and Rossel, Jost and Gonzalez Rodriguez, Rachel and Wermke, Dominik and Fahl, Sascha and Kohno, Tadayoshi and Somorovsky, Juraj and Acar, Yasemin}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security}}, keywords = {{software vulnerabilities, vulnerability disclosure, security research}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Poster: Computer Security Researchers' Experiences with Vulnerability Disclosures}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3719027.3760723}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62749, abstract = {{Coherent Raman scattering techniques as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), offer significant advantages in terms of pixel dwell times and speed as compared to spontaneous Raman scattering for investigations of crystalline materials. However, the spectral information in CARS is often hampered by the presence of a nonresonant contribution to the scattering process that shifts and distorts the Raman peaks. In this work, we apply a method to obtain nonresonant background-free spectra based on time-delayed, broadband CARS (TD-BCARS) using an intrapulse excitation scheme. In particular, this method can measure the phononic dephasing times across the full phonon spectrum at once. We test the methodology on amorphous SiO2 (glass), which is used to characterize the setup-specific and material-independent response times, and then apply TD-BCARS to the analysis of single crystals of diamond and ferroelectrics of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA). For diamond, we determine a dephasing time of 𝜏=7.81 ps for the single 𝑠ⁱ𝑝3 peak.}}, author = {{Hempel, F. and RĂŒsing, Michael and Vernuccio, F. and Spychala, K. J. and Buschbeck, R. and Cerullo, G. and Polli, D. and Eng, L. M.}}, issn = {{2469-9950}}, journal = {{Physical Review B}}, number = {{22}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Phonon dephasing times determined with time-delayed broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering}}}, doi = {{10.1103/1ctr-csjy}}, volume = {{112}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62716, author = {{BĂŒttner, Denise}}, journal = {{MigrationspĂ€dagogische Zweitsprachdidaktik}}, publisher = {{LibreCat University}}, title = {{{Kritische Einsprachigkeitsdidaktik als kasuistischer Ansatz fĂŒr die LehrkrĂ€ftebildung}}}, doi = {{10.25365/MPZD-2025-4-6}}, year = {{2025}}, } @phdthesis{62750, abstract = {{Diese Dissertation enthĂ€lt BeitrĂ€ge zum Bereich der Mehrzieloptimierung mit einem Fokus auf unbeschrĂ€nkten Problemen, die auf einem allgemeinen Hilbertraum definiert sind. FĂŒr Mehrzieloptimierungsprobleme mit lokal Lipschitz-stetigen Zielfunktionen definieren wir ein multikriterielles Subdifferential, das wir erstmals im Kontext allgemeiner HilbertrĂ€ume analysieren. Aufbauend auf diesen theoretischen Untersuchungen prĂ€sentieren wir ein Abstiegsverfahren, bei welchem in jeder Iteration eine Abstiegsrichtung mittels einer numerischen Approximation des multikriteriellen Subdifferentials bestimmt wird. Im Kontext konvexer, stetig differenzierbarer Zielfunktionen mit Lipschitz-stetigen Gradienten, fĂŒhren wir eine Familie von dynamischen Gradientensystemen mit TrĂ€gheitsterm ein, die bekannte kontinuierliche Systeme aus der skalaren Optimierung verallgemeinern. Wir stellen drei neue Systeme vor: eines mit konstanter DĂ€mpfung, eines mit asymptotisch abnehmender DĂ€mpfung und eines, das zusĂ€tzlich eine zeitabhĂ€ngige Tikhonov-Regularisierung beinhaltet. Aufbauend auf den Untersuchungen der neuen dynamischen Gradientensysteme, entwickeln wir ein beschleunigtes Gradientenverfahren zur Mehrzieloptimierung, das auf einer Diskretisierung des multikriteriellen Gradientensystems mit asymptotisch abnehmender DĂ€mpfung beruht. Das hergeleitete Verfahren bewahrt die gĂŒnstigen Konvergenzeigenschaften des kontinuierlichen Systems und erreicht eine schnellere Konvergenz als klassische Verfahren.}}, author = {{Sonntag, Konstantin}}, publisher = {{Paderborn University}}, title = {{{First-order methods and gradient dynamical systems for multiobjective optimization}}}, doi = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-2457}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60509, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Scholl, Daniel and Meier, Jana and KĂŒth, Simon}}, journal = {{Education Sciences}}, number = {{7}}, title = {{{Thoughts Are Free—Differences Between Unstructured and Structured Reflections of Teachers with Different Levels of Expertise}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070820}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62765, author = {{Strauß, Sara}}, issn = {{0947-0034}}, journal = {{Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{5--14}}, title = {{{Introduction: Irish Communities in a Glocal Context – Literary and Cultural Narratives}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.33675/ANGL/2025/1/4}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{62764, booktitle = {{Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies}}, editor = {{Strauß, Sara and Boller, Alessandra and Becker, Katrin}}, issn = {{0947-0034}}, number = {{1}}, title = {{{Focus on Irish Communities in a Glocal Context: Literary and Cultural Narratives}}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62798, abstract = {{We investigated electrodeposited nanoparticulate nickel selenide (pre)catalysts that transform into nickel oxides/oxyhydroxides under oxygen evolution reaction conditions in alkaline solutions. Previous studies of this transformation were conducted at lower current densities than those of industrial relevance (≄1 A cm–2). We used ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) to achieve such current densities, benefiting from their small size, ensuring low absolute currents and low ohmic drop but high current densities. Morphological degradation of the catalyst material was only observed at current densities exceeding 1 A cm–2 but not for smaller ones. Using X-ray absorption, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we confirmed that the degradation was accompanied by the literature-known transformation of nanoparticulate Ni3Se2 (bulk)/NiSe (surface) into nickel oxyhydroxide. The transformation of the precatalyst goes along with a significant improvement in the charge transfer kinetics observed by decreasing Tafel slopes with ongoing experimental time extracted from cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the high-frequency range. However, these kinetic improvements are accompanied by limitations in mass transport concluded from decreasing current responses at high overpotentials in CVs and increasing impedance in the low-frequency range of the EIS spectra after extended CV cycling. These mass transport limitations originated from morphological degradations at the UME exceeding 1 A cm–2 which we proved by applying identical location scanning electron microscopy. This has not been reported in studies that have been limited to lower current densities before. Our findings showcase how UMEs can be used to study (pre)catalysts (herein nickel selenides) under current densities of industrial relevance in the absence of ohmic drop-related ambiguities, combined with in-depth materials characterization studies, e.g., identical location microscopy and advanced spectroscopic methods. This approach enables direct evaluation and comparison of catalyst materials and thus demonstrates how to overcome long-standing limitations of electrocatalyst design and testing.}}, author = {{Hiege, Felix and Chang, Chun-Wai and Trost, Oliver and van Halteren, Charlotte E. R. and Hosseini, Pouya and Bendt, Georg and Schulz, Stephan and Feng, Zhenxing and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}}, keywords = {{Electrocatalysis, oxygen evolution reaction, nickel selenide, microelectrode}}, number = {{29}}, pages = {{41893--41903}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, title = {{{Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities}}}, doi = {{10.1021/acsami.5c05381}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62819, abstract = {{Novel oxalate-bridged heterotrinuclear complexes [A][Mn2Cr(bpy)2(H2O)2Cl2(C2O4)3] (A = (CH3)2(C2H5)NH+ (1) and (CH3)(C2H5)2NH+ (2); bpy = 2,2â€Č-bipyridine) were synthesized using an aqueous solution of [A]3[Cr(C2O4)3] as a building block in reaction with Mn2+ ions and with the addition of the N-donor ligand bipyridine. The isostructural heterometallic complex salts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and impedance spectroscopy, thermal analysis and magnetization measurements. The trinuclear anion [{Mn(bpy)(H2O)Cl(ÎŒ-C2O4)}2Cr(C2O4)]− consists of two [Mn(bpy)(H2O)Cl]+ units bridged by the [Cr(C2O4)3]3− anion, which acts as a bidentate ligand towards each of the manganese atoms. The anions are hydrogen bonded to each other via coordinated chloride anions, water molecules and oxygen oxalate atoms, resulting in two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen bonding layers. Compounds exhibit water-assisted proton conductivity behaviour, which was investigated at different temperatures and relative humidities (RH). At 25 °C, an increase in RH from 60% to 93% resulted in an obvious proton conducting switch from 9.1 × 10−11 to 5.6 × 10−5 S cm−1 for 1 and from 7.4 × 10−10 to 1.8 × 10−6 S cm−1 for 2, corresponding to high on/off ratios of about 106 for 1 and 104 for 2. In situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed that unit cell parameters of compounds 1 and 2 slightly increase when exposed to humid conditions. This confirmed that incorporation of water molecules into structures with pores and voids causes the proton conductivity switching phenomenon. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a ferromagnetic interaction between Cr3+ and Mn2+ ions bridged by the bis(bidentate) oxalate group. The prepared compounds 1 and 2 were explored as single-source precursors for the formation of spinel oxide by their thermal treatment. With increasing temperature, the spinel composition changed according to the formula Mn1+xCr2–xO4 (0 ≀ x ≀ 1), where x = 0.7 at 500 °C and x = 1 at 900 °C when tet[MnII]oct[MnIIICrIII]O4 is formed. The (micro)structure, morphology, and optical properties of spinel Mn2CrO4 were characterized by PXRD, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of this oxide in degradation of the methylene blue dye under Vis irradiation without and with the support of hydrogen peroxide was further investigated.}}, author = {{Lozančić, Ana and Burazer, Sanja and Wagner, Tobias and Molčanov, KreĆĄimir and Pajić, Damir and AndroĆĄ Dubraja, Lidija and Tiemann, Michael and Jurić, Marijana}}, issn = {{2050-7526}}, journal = {{Journal of Materials Chemistry C}}, number = {{41}}, pages = {{21179--21195}}, publisher = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}}, title = {{{Water-assisted proton conductivity and a magnetic study of heterotrinuclear oxalate-bridged compounds: molecular precursors for the Mn2CrO4 spinel}}}, doi = {{10.1039/d5tc02569a}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62816, abstract = {{The increasing demand for advanced sensing technologies drives the development of chemical sensors using innovative materials. In gas sensing, optical sensors are often used to detect gases such as CO, NOx, and O2. Oxygen sensors typically incorporate dyes into oxygen-permeable matrices like polymers, silica, or zeolites. Alternatively, semiconductor surface chemistry can enable O2 detection. However, these approaches are often limited by slow response and recovery times and low selectivity, restricting their practical applications. The metal-organic framework MOF-76(Eu) and its yttrium-modified variant, MOF-76(Eu/Y) are reported to exhibit highly reversible and fast optical responses to varying O2 concentrations. Time-resolved emission measurements are performed over short (seconds) and long (hours) timescales using N2 and synthetic air mixtures. Cross-sensitivity to humidity is analyzed. Multichannel scaling photon-counting experiments confirm quenching at the linker level, as the emission lifetime remains nearly constant. Yttrium significantly improves stability and performance at room temperature. Structural and optical changes induced by yttrium are investigated. Additionally, MIL-78(Eu), another Eu-BTC-based MOF with a different coordination environment, is synthesized. Unlike MOF-76(Eu), MIL-78(Eu) exhibits distinct optical properties but lacks a reversible response to O2. These results highlight the potential of MOF-76-based materials for high-performance O2 sensing.}}, author = {{Zhao, Zhenyu and Weinberger, Christian and Steube, Jakob and Bauer, Matthias and Brehm, Martin and Tiemann, Michael}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{Advanced Functional Materials}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Fast‐Responding O2 Gas Sensor Based on Luminescent Europium Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF‐76)}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adfm.202511190}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61474, author = {{Habig, Sebastian and Großmann, Nadine and Schmid, Andrea M. and van Vorst, Helena and Fechner, Sabine and Wilde, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Empirische Befunde der Interessenforschung der FĂ€cher Biologie, Chemie und Physik im Primar- und Sekundarbereich seit 2012 – Ein systematisches Review}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{61475, author = {{Zöchling, Sarah and Pletschacher, Laura and Maurer, Christian and Berger, Roland and Lindmaier, Kerstin and Fechner, Sabine and Wodzinski, Rita}}, booktitle = {{Interesse revisited}}, isbn = {{9783658485412}}, publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}}, title = {{{Interessenförderung im Physik- und Chemieunterricht – Eine Bestandsaufnahme}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-658-48542-9_10}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62007, abstract = {{Ensemble methods are widely employed to improve generalization in machine learning. This has also prompted the adoption of ensemble learning for the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models in performing link prediction. Typical approaches to this end train multiple models as part of the ensemble, and the diverse predictions are then averaged. However, this approach has some significant drawbacks. For instance, the computational overhead of training multiple models increases latency and memory overhead. In contrast, model merging approaches offer a promising alternative that does not require training multiple models. In this work, we introduce model merging, specifically weighted averaging, in KGE models. Herein, a running average of model parameters from a training epoch onward is maintained and used for predictions. To address this, we additionally propose an approach that selectively updates the running average of the ensemble model parameters only when the generalization performance improves on a validation dataset. We evaluate these two different weighted averaging approaches on link prediction tasks, comparing the state-of-the-art benchmark ensemble approach. Additionally, we evaluate the weighted averaging approach considering literal-augmented KGE models and multi-hop query answering tasks as well. The results demonstrate that the proposed weighted averaging approach consistently improves performance across diverse evaluation settings.}}, author = {{Sapkota, Rupesh and Demir, Caglar and Sharma, Arnab and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Knowledge Capture(K-CAP 2025)}}, keywords = {{Knowledge Graphs, Embeddings, Ensemble Learning}}, location = {{Dayton, OH, USA}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Parameter Averaging in Link Prediction}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1145/3731443.3771365}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62871, author = {{Wehde, Janis}}, issn = {{2190-6890}}, journal = {{Zeitschrift fĂŒr Bildungsforschung}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen zur methodischen Gestaltung eines gemeinschaftsorientierten und partizipativ-verfahrensorientierten Unterrichts: Entwicklung von Kurzskalen zur schulischen Demokratiebildung}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s35834-025-00522-4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60568, author = {{Bocchini, Adriana and Kollmann, S. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Grundmeier, Guido}}, issn = {{0039-6028}}, journal = {{Surface Science}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Phosphonic acid adsorption on α-Bi2O3 surfaces}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776}}, volume = {{760}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61156, abstract = {{Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’ on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.}}, author = {{Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, AndrĂ© and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Lenke, Michael and Lohmer, Vivien and Rohlfing, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid and Singh, Amit and Terfloth, Lutz and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Wang, Yu and Wilmes, Annedore and Wrede, Britta}}, journal = {{Cognitive Systems Research}}, keywords = {{understanding, explaining, explanations, explainable, AI, interdisciplinarity, comprehension, enabledness, agency}}, title = {{{Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{62203, abstract = {{Abstract This study investigates parents’ perspectives on the preferred onset of English education in Germany and potential explanatory factors drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 2,645 parents from the EUBE project ( Englischunterrichtsbeginn aus Elternsicht / Parental perspectives on the onset of English Language Education). Results reveal that a significant majority of parents advocate for an early start in year 1 or 2 of primary school, generally aligning with their strong conviction of the importance of English, high educational aspirations and expectations, and their own (early) start of language education. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of parental perspectives that have also shown to be related to multiple indicators of educational success in general and achievements in language learning in particular.}}, author = {{Rumlich, Dominik and Porsch, Raphaela}}, booktitle = {{Early language education in instructed contexts}}, editor = {{Frisch, Stefanie and Glaser, Karen}}, isbn = {{9789027223449}}, pages = {{286--305}}, publisher = {{John Benjamins Publishing Company}}, title = {{{Starting early or late? Parental perspectives on the onset of English language education at primary school in Germany}}}, doi = {{10.1075/lllt.62.13rum}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{63000, abstract = {{Critical political economy of communication and the media (CPECM) is an approach and field of study that critically analyzes how the interaction of politics and the economy in society shapes and is shaped by (mediated) communication. This study asks: What is the role of methodology in the approach of CPECM? How are methods and media ethics related in the critical study of media, economy, and society? The article argues that CPECM is distinct in that it asks special types of questions that are different from the questions asked by administrative research. This study points out 10 methodological dimensions of CPECM. It argues that empirical ideology critique should not be situated outside but inside of CPECM. It becomes evident that, other than conventional methods in media and communication studies, CPECM methodology is guided by ethics, moral philosophy, and critical theories.}}, author = {{Fuchs, Christian}}, issn = {{0196-8599}}, journal = {{Journal of Communication Inquiry}}, publisher = {{SAGE Publications}}, title = {{{The Question of Methodology in Critical Political Economy of Communication and the Media}}}, doi = {{10.1177/01968599251405272}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62201, abstract = {{ABSTRACTThe use of digital tools for second and foreign language lexical learning is increasingly popular and research in this area is constantly expanding. However, little has been written about specific criteria that could be used to identify tools with high‐quality lexical input, as available checklists and frameworks for digital media tend to neglect detailed analyses of the vocabulary domain. This article addresses this issue by presenting the Checklist for Evaluating Digital Resources for Lexical Learning (DigiLex), which combines important digital language learning criteria with an extensive evaluation of lexical content. The checklist is both theory‐based and user‐friendly, aiming to fill a gap between theory and practice in the field of digital lexical learning. The article discusses the theoretical basis of the checklist and integrates the results of a small pilot study with pre‐service and in‐service teachers, emphasizing feasibility in everyday learning and teaching. By providing an easy‐to‐use tool for identifying suitable digital resources, the DigiLex checklist aims to support language learners and teachers in self‐regulated lexical learning.}}, author = {{Lehmkuhl, Paulina and Wagner, Benedikt and Frisch, Stefanie and Rumlich, Dominik and Visser, Judith}}, issn = {{1056-7941}}, journal = {{TESOL Journal}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{DigiLex — A Checklist for the Evaluation of Digital Tools for Second and Foreign Language Lexical Learning}}}, doi = {{10.1002/tesj.70016}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2025}}, } @techreport{62200, author = {{Becker-Mrotzek, Michael and Efing, Christian and Gerick, Julia and Greefrath, Gilbert and Hammann, Marcus and Hannover, Bettina and Heckhausen, Jutta and Jost, Jörg and Keller, Stefan and Leiß, Dominik and Leutner, Detlev and Lewalter, Doris and Lindmeier, Anke and Matschke, Christina and Neumann, Knut and Parchmann, Ilka and Rossa, Henning and Rumlich, Dominik and Senkbeil, Martin and Schumann, Stephan and Vahrenhold, Jan and Glutsch, Nina and Guill, Karin and Schulte, Judith and Suckut, Julia and Tiedtke, Per and Adomat, DomJenniferinik}}, publisher = {{StĂ€ndige Wissenschaftliche Kommission der Kultusministerkonferenz (SWK)}}, title = {{{Kompetenzen fĂŒr den erfolgreichen Übergang von der Sekundarstufe I in die berufliche Ausbildung sichern. Gutachten der StĂ€ndigen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission der Kultusministerkonferenz}}}, doi = {{10.25656/01:32815}}, year = {{2025}}, }