[{"external_id":{"arxiv":["1606.05626"]},"keyword":["Complexity theory","Quantum Merlin Arthur (QMA)","local Hamiltonian","local measurement","spectral gap"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)","abstract":[{"text":"An important task in quantum physics is the estimation of local quantities for ground states of local Hamiltonians. Recently, Ambainis defined the complexity class P^QMA[log], and motivated its study by showing that the physical task of estimating the expectation value of a local observable against the ground state of a local Hamiltonian is P^QMA[log]-complete. In this paper, we continue the study of P^QMA[log], obtaining the following results. The P^QMA[log]-completeness result of Ambainis requires O(log n)-local observ- ables and Hamiltonians. We show that simulating even a single qubit measurement on ground states of 5-local Hamiltonians is P^QMA[log]-complete, resolving an open question of Ambainis. We formalize the complexity theoretic study of estimating two-point correlation functions against ground states, and show that this task is similarly P^QMA[log]-complete. P^QMA[log] is thought of as \"slightly harder\" than QMA. We justify this formally by exploiting the hierarchical voting technique of Beigel, Hemachandra, and Wechsung to show P^QMA[log] \\subseteq PP. This improves the containment QMA \\subseteq PP from Kitaev and Watrous. A central theme of this work is the subtlety involved in the study of oracle classes in which the oracle solves a promise problem. In this vein, we identify a flaw in Ambainis' prior work regarding a P^UQMA[log]-hardness proof for estimating spectral gaps of local Hamiltonians. By introducing a \"query validation\" technique, we build on his prior work to obtain P^UQMA[log]-hardness for estimating spectral gaps under polynomial-time Turing reductions.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik","date_created":"2019-03-01T11:25:27Z","title":"The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems","year":"2018","_id":"8160","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"7"}],"series_title":"Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)","user_id":"71541","type":"conference","editor":[{"full_name":"Wilde, Mark","last_name":"Wilde","first_name":"Mark"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:00:48Z","oa":"1","volume":73,"author":[{"first_name":"Sevag","last_name":"Gharibian","orcid":"0000-0002-9992-3379","id":"71541","full_name":"Gharibian, Sevag"},{"last_name":"Yirka","full_name":"Yirka, Justin","first_name":"Justin"}],"doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2","conference":{"location":"Paris, France","name":"12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/frontdoor.php?source_opus=8577","open_access":"1"}],"publication_identifier":{"unknown":["978-3-95977-034-7"]},"publication_status":"published","place":"Dagstuhl, Germany","intvolume":"        73","page":"2:1-2:17","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Gharibian_Yirka_2018, place={Dagstuhl, Germany}, series={Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, title={The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems}, volume={73}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>}, booktitle={12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)}, publisher={Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik}, author={Gharibian, Sevag and Yirka, Justin}, editor={Wilde, Mark}, year={2018}, pages={2:1-2:17}, collection={Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)} }","short":"S. Gharibian, J. Yirka, in: M. Wilde (Ed.), 12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017), Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2018, p. 2:1-2:17.","mla":"Gharibian, Sevag, and Justin Yirka. “The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems.” <i>12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)</i>, edited by Mark Wilde, vol. 73, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2018, p. 2:1-2:17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>.","apa":"Gharibian, S., &#38; Yirka, J. (2018). The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems. In M. Wilde (Ed.), <i>12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)</i> (Vol. 73, p. 2:1-2:17). Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>","ama":"Gharibian S, Yirka J. The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems. In: Wilde M, ed. <i>12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)</i>. Vol 73. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik; 2018:2:1-2:17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>","chicago":"Gharibian, Sevag, and Justin Yirka. “The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems.” In <i>12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)</i>, edited by Mark Wilde, 73:2:1-2:17. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). Dagstuhl, Germany: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>.","ieee":"S. Gharibian and J. Yirka, “The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems,” in <i>12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017)</i>, Paris, France, 2018, vol. 73, p. 2:1-2:17, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2017.2</a>."}},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["1409.3182"]},"keyword":["Local Hamiltonian","ground state connectivity","quantum Hamiltonian complexity","reconfiguration problem"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT)","publisher":"ACM","date_created":"2019-03-01T11:49:31Z","title":"Ground State Connectivity of Local Hamiltonians","issue":"2","year":"2018","_id":"8167","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"7"}],"user_id":"71541","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-02-28T11:01:36Z","oa":"1","volume":10,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-9992-3379","last_name":"Gharibian","full_name":"Gharibian, Sevag","id":"71541","first_name":"Sevag"},{"full_name":"Sikora, Jamie","last_name":"Sikora","first_name":"Jamie"}],"doi":"10.1145/3186587","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3182","open_access":"1"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1942-3454"]},"publication_status":"published","page":"8:1-8:28","intvolume":"        10","citation":{"ieee":"S. Gharibian and J. Sikora, “Ground State Connectivity of Local Hamiltonians,” <i>ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT)</i>, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 8:1-8:28, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3186587\">10.1145/3186587</a>.","chicago":"Gharibian, Sevag, and Jamie Sikora. “Ground State Connectivity of Local Hamiltonians.” <i>ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT)</i> 10, no. 2 (2018): 8:1-8:28. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3186587\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3186587</a>.","ama":"Gharibian S, Sikora J. 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Ground State Connectivity of Local Hamiltonians. <i>ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT)</i>, <i>10</i>(2), 8:1-8:28. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3186587\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3186587</a>"}},{"status":"public","type":"book","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","_id":"40126","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"user_id":"49063","year":"2018","place":"London","citation":{"ieee":"C. Fuchs, <i>The Online Advertising Tax. A Digital Policy Innovation. CAMRI Policy Briefs No. 1. (Short version)</i>. London: University of Westminster Press, 2018.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>The Online Advertising Tax. A Digital Policy Innovation. CAMRI Policy Briefs No. 1. (Short Version)</i>. London: University of Westminster Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book24\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book24</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C. <i>The Online Advertising Tax. A Digital Policy Innovation. CAMRI Policy Briefs No. 1. (Short Version)</i>. 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University of Westminster Press, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book24\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book24</a>."},"title":"The Online Advertising Tax. A Digital Policy Innovation. CAMRI Policy Briefs No. 1. (Short version)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16997/book24","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.16997/book24","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"University of Westminster Press","oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-03-06T04:34:39Z","author":[{"id":"21863","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","first_name":"Christian"}],"date_created":"2023-01-26T01:41:40Z"},{"citation":{"apa":"Fuchs, C. (2018). <i>The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet</i>. University of Westminster Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book23</a>","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_2018, place={London}, title={The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book23</a>}, publisher={University of Westminster Press}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2018} }","short":"C. Fuchs, The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet, University of Westminster Press, London, 2018.","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet</i>. University of Westminster Press, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book23</a>.","ieee":"C. Fuchs, <i>The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet</i>. London: University of Westminster Press, 2018.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet</i>. London: University of Westminster Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book23</a>.","ama":"Fuchs C. <i>The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet</i>. University of Westminster Press; 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book23</a>"},"place":"London","year":"2018","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","id":"21863","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian"}],"date_created":"2023-01-26T01:38:06Z","publisher":"University of Westminster Press","date_updated":"2023-03-06T04:35:11Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.16997/book23","title":"The Online Advertising Tax as the Foundation of a Public Service Internet","type":"book","status":"public","user_id":"49063","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"_id":"40125","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"type":"book","status":"public","user_id":"49063","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"_id":"40129","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","citation":{"apa":"Fuchs, C. (2018). <i>Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media</i>. Pluto Press.","short":"C. Fuchs, Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media, Pluto Press, London, 2018.","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_2018, place={London}, title={Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media}, publisher={Pluto Press}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2018} }","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media</i>. Pluto Press, 2018.","ama":"Fuchs C. <i>Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media</i>. Pluto Press; 2018.","ieee":"C. Fuchs, <i>Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media</i>. London: Pluto Press, 2018.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media</i>. London: Pluto Press, 2018."},"place":"London","year":"2018","author":[{"id":"21863","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","last_name":"Fuchs","first_name":"Christian"}],"date_created":"2023-01-26T01:55:09Z","publisher":"Pluto Press","date_updated":"2023-03-06T04:34:18Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.plutobooks.com/9781786802996/nationalism-2-0/ ","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Nationalism 2.0. The Making of Brexit on Social Media"},{"volume":16,"author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","id":"21863"},{"last_name":"Monticelli","full_name":"Monticelli, Lara","first_name":"Lara"}],"date_created":"2023-02-02T03:49:31Z","oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-03-08T02:24:22Z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism & Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory","issue":"2","page":"406-741","intvolume":"        16","citation":{"short":"C. Fuchs, L. Monticelli, TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique 16 (2018) 406–741.","mla":"Fuchs, Christian, and Lara Monticelli. “Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory.” <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, vol. 16, no. 2, 2018, pp. 406–741, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_Monticelli_2018, title={Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>}, number={2}, journal={tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique}, author={Fuchs, Christian and Monticelli, Lara}, year={2018}, pages={406–741} }","apa":"Fuchs, C., &#38; Monticelli, L. (2018). Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory. <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, <i>16</i>(2), 406–741. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>","ama":"Fuchs C, Monticelli L. Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory. <i>tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>. 2018;16(2):406-741. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian, and Lara Monticelli. “Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory.” <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i> 16, no. 2 (2018): 406–741. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>.","ieee":"C. Fuchs and L. Monticelli, “Karl Marx @ 200. Debating Capitalism &#38; Perspectives for the Future of Radical Theory,” <i>tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 406–741, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1040</a>."},"year":"2018","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"user_id":"49063","_id":"41435","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-03-08T02:33:08Z","volume":16,"date_created":"2023-02-02T22:09:48Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","last_name":"Fuchs","id":"21863","full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","first_name":"Christian"}],"title":"Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987"}],"issue":"2","year":"2018","intvolume":"        16","page":"406-414, 518-534","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_2018, title={Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>}, number={2}, journal={tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2018}, pages={406–414, 518–534} }","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. “Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication.” <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, vol. 16, no. 2, 2018, pp. 406–14, 518–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique 16 (2018) 406–414, 518–534.","apa":"Fuchs, C. (2018). Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication. <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, <i>16</i>(2), 406–414, 518–534. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>","ama":"Fuchs C. Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication. <i>tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>. 2018;16(2):406-414, 518-534. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. “Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication.” <i>TripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i> 16, no. 2 (2018): 406–14, 518–34. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>.","ieee":"C. Fuchs, “Karl Marx @ 200: Towards a Marxian Theory of Communication,” <i>tripleC: Communication, Capitalism &#38; Critique</i>, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 406–414, 518–534, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987\">https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.987</a>."},"_id":"41545","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"user_id":"49063","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","publication":"tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"status":"public","editor":[{"last_name":"Morelock","full_name":"Morelock, Jeremiah","first_name":"Jeremiah"}],"publication":"Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism","type":"book_chapter","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"user_id":"49063","_id":"41563","page":"157-206","citation":{"ieee":"C. Fuchs, “Racism, Nationalism and Right-Wing Extremism Online: The Austrian Presidential Election 2016 on Facebook,” in <i>Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism</i>, J. 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University of Westminster Press; 2018:157-206. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i</a>","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. “Racism, Nationalism and Right-Wing Extremism Online: The Austrian Presidential Election 2016 on Facebook.” <i>Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism</i>, edited by Jeremiah Morelock, University of Westminster Press, 2018, pp. 157–206, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i</a>.","short":"C. Fuchs, in: J. Morelock (Ed.), Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, University of Westminster Press, London, 2018, pp. 157–206.","bibtex":"@inbook{Fuchs_2018, place={London}, title={Racism, Nationalism and Right-Wing Extremism Online: The Austrian Presidential Election 2016 on Facebook}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i\">https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.i</a>}, booktitle={Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism}, publisher={University of Westminster Press}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, editor={Morelock, Jeremiah}, year={2018}, pages={157–206} }","apa":"Fuchs, C. (2018). Racism, Nationalism and Right-Wing Extremism Online: The Austrian Presidential Election 2016 on Facebook. In J. Morelock (Ed.), <i>Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism</i> (pp. 157–206). 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Fuchs, Huffington Post UK (2018).","bibtex":"@article{Fuchs_2018, title={How Corbyn’s Plan to Tax Google and Facebook Could Create A Public Service Internet}, journal={Huffington Post UK}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2018} }"},"year":"2018","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"49063","department":[{"_id":"136"}],"publication_date":"2018-08-23","_id":"42500","status":"public","type":"newspaper_article","publication":"Huffington Post UK"},{"department":[{"_id":"136"}],"user_id":"49063","_id":"42502","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","type":"report","status":"public","date_created":"2023-02-27T00:15:22Z","author":[{"full_name":"Fuchs, Christian","id":"21863","last_name":"Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0003-0589-4579","first_name":"Christian"}],"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-03-08T04:20:56Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":" http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/communications-committee/the-internet-to-regulate-or-not-to-regulate/written/82344.pdf "}],"title":"Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018","citation":{"short":"C. Fuchs, Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018, 2018.","mla":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018</i>. 2018.","bibtex":"@book{Fuchs_2018, title={Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018}, author={Fuchs, Christian}, year={2018} }","apa":"Fuchs, C. (2018). <i>Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018</i>.","ama":"Fuchs C. <i>Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018</i>.; 2018.","chicago":"Fuchs, Christian. <i>Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018</i>, 2018.","ieee":"C. Fuchs, <i>Written Evidence Submitted to the House of Lords-Communications Select Committee Inquiry “The Internet: To Regulate Or Not To Regulate?“, Published on May 9, 2018</i>. 2018."},"year":"2018"},{"author":[{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Zimei","first_name":"Zimei"},{"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Kuckling","id":"287","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1711-2722","last_name":"Tiemann","id":"23547","full_name":"Tiemann, Michael","first_name":"Michael"}],"date_updated":"2023-03-08T10:22:33Z","oa":"1","doi":"10.3390/nano8040186","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/4/186/pdf?version=1525344745"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2079-4991"]},"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Chen, Zimei, Dirk Kuckling, and Michael Tiemann. “Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices.” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186</a>.","ieee":"Z. Chen, D. Kuckling, and M. Tiemann, “Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices,” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, Art. no. 186, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">10.3390/nano8040186</a>.","ama":"Chen Z, Kuckling D, Tiemann M. Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices. <i>Nanomaterials</i>. Published online 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">10.3390/nano8040186</a>","short":"Z. Chen, D. Kuckling, M. Tiemann, Nanomaterials (2018).","bibtex":"@article{Chen_Kuckling_Tiemann_2018, title={Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">10.3390/nano8040186</a>}, number={186}, journal={Nanomaterials}, author={Chen, Zimei and Kuckling, Dirk and Tiemann, Michael}, year={2018} }","mla":"Chen, Zimei, et al. “Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices.” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, 186, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">10.3390/nano8040186</a>.","apa":"Chen, Z., Kuckling, D., &#38; Tiemann, M. (2018). Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices. <i>Nanomaterials</i>, Article 186. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186\">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040186</a>"},"department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"307"},{"_id":"311"}],"user_id":"23547","_id":"25910","article_number":"186","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_created":"2021-10-08T10:48:59Z","title":"Porous Aluminum Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Films Using Organic Hydrogels as Structure Matrices","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2018","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Nanomaterials","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We describe the synthesis of mesoporous Al2O3 and MgO layers on silicon wafer substrates by using poly(dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels as porogenic matrices. Hydrogel films are prepared by spreading the polymer through spin-coating, followed by photo-cross-linking and anchoring to the substrate surface. The metal oxides are obtained by swelling the hydrogels in the respective metal nitrate solutions and subsequent thermal conversion. Combustion of the hydrogel results in mesoporous metal oxide layers with thicknesses in the μm range and high specific surface areas up to 558 m2∙g−1. Materials are characterized by SEM, FIB ablation, EDX, and Kr physisorption porosimetry."}]},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Organic polymer-hydrogels are known to be capable of directing the nucleation and growth of inorganic materials, such as silica, metal oxides, apatite or metal chalcogenides. This approach can be exploited in the synthesis of materials that exhibit defined nanoporosity. When the organic polymer-based hydrogel is incorporated in the inorganic product, a composite is formed from which the organic component may be selectively removed, yielding nanopores in the inorganic product. Such porogenic impact resembles the concept of using soft or hard templates for porous materials. This micro-review provides a survey of select examples from the literature."}],"publication":"Gels","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2018","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials","date_created":"2021-10-08T10:47:59Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"review","article_number":"83","user_id":"23547","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"2"},{"_id":"307"},{"_id":"311"}],"_id":"25909","citation":{"apa":"Weinberger, C., Kuckling, D., &#38; Tiemann, M. (2018). Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials. <i>Gels</i>, Article 83. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083</a>","mla":"Weinberger, Christian, et al. “Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials.” <i>Gels</i>, 83, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">10.3390/gels4040083</a>.","short":"C. Weinberger, D. Kuckling, M. Tiemann, Gels (2018).","bibtex":"@article{Weinberger_Kuckling_Tiemann_2018, title={Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">10.3390/gels4040083</a>}, number={83}, journal={Gels}, author={Weinberger, Christian and Kuckling, Dirk and Tiemann, Michael}, year={2018} }","ama":"Weinberger C, Kuckling D, Tiemann M. Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials. <i>Gels</i>. Published online 2018. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">10.3390/gels4040083</a>","chicago":"Weinberger, Christian, Dirk Kuckling, and Michael Tiemann. “Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials.” <i>Gels</i>, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083</a>.","ieee":"C. Weinberger, D. Kuckling, and M. Tiemann, “Hydrogels as Porogens for Nanoporous Inorganic Materials,” <i>Gels</i>, Art. no. 83, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4040083\">10.3390/gels4040083</a>."},"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2310-2861"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/4/4/83/pdf?version=1539178292","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.3390/gels4040083","author":[{"full_name":"Weinberger, Christian","id":"11848","last_name":"Weinberger","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Kuckling","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","id":"287"},{"id":"23547","full_name":"Tiemann, Michael","orcid":"0000-0003-1711-2722","last_name":"Tiemann","first_name":"Michael"}],"date_updated":"2023-03-08T10:20:36Z","oa":"1"}]