@article{65375,
abstract = {{Abstract
Vitamin D has been associated with depression, potentially via anti-inflammatory mechanisms, yet data is scarce, particularly in adolescence. We investigated (1) whether lower vitamin D status is associated with greater depression severity and (2) whether this association is statistically moderated by inflammation in patients of a child and adolescent psychiatry department. At admission fasting morning venous blood was drawn. Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed in all participants [n=465 (64.7%♀; 11.3-18.9 years)]. In a subsample [n=177], we additionally measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10. Depression severity was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [n=450], the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence via self-assessment (DISYPS Self) [n=441], and parent-assessment (DISYPS Proxy) [n=422]. Overall, 43.2% [n=201] were at risk for vitamin D deficiency (<30nmol/L), and 73.5%-83.2% –depending on assessment tool– showed at least mild depression. Linear regression revealed an inverse association between 25(OH)D and BDI-II in both crude and CRP-adjusted full-sample models. Logistic regressions showed a robust inverse association between 25(OH)D and DISYPS Proxy, but not for DISYPS Self. Although 25(OH)D was inversely correlated with some pro-inflammatory markers, neither their inclusion in regression models nor formal mediation analyses supported inflammation as a mediator of the vitamin D–depression association. Overall, our results suggest that vitamin D relates modestly to both depression and inflammation in adolescence. However, based on the measured parameters, we cannot confirm that anti-inflammatory effects are the link between vitamin D and depression.}},
author = {{Schlarbaum, Laura and Jankovic, Nicole and Bühlmeier, Judith and Engler, Harald and Hirtz, Raphael and Grasemann, Corinna and Peters, Triinu and Hinney, Anke and Antel, Jochen and Hebebrand, Johannes and Föcker, Manuel and Libuda, Lars}},
issn = {{0007-1145}},
journal = {{British Journal of Nutrition}},
pages = {{1--37}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Does inflammation explain the association between vitamin D and depression? Results of a cross-sectional study in children and adolescents}}},
doi = {{10.1017/s0007114526106928}},
year = {{2026}},
}
@article{65374,
author = {{Schlarbaum, Laura and Jankovic, Nicole and Bühlmeier, Judith and Hohoff, Eva and Dankers, Rhea and Engler, Harald and Hirtz, Raphael and Zwanziger, Denise and Grasemann, Corinna and Peters, Triinu and Hinney, Anke and Antel, Jochen and Föcker, Manuel and Libuda, Lars}},
issn = {{1436-6207}},
journal = {{European Journal of Nutrition}},
number = {{3}},
publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
title = {{{Does inflammation moderate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms? Results of an interventional study in children and adolescents}}},
doi = {{10.1007/s00394-026-03920-0}},
volume = {{65}},
year = {{2026}},
}
@article{53787,
abstract = {{Abstract
Purpose
Glycemic response to the same meal depends on daytime and alignment of consumption with the inner clock, which has not been examined by individual chronotype yet. This study examined whether the 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic response to a meal with high glycemic index (GI) differ when consumed early or late in the day among students with early or late chronotype.
Methods
From a screening of 327 students aged 18–25 years, those with early (n = 22) or late (n = 23) chronotype participated in a 7-day randomized controlled cross-over intervention study. After a 3-day observational phase, standardized meals were provided on run-in/washout (days 4 and 6) and intervention (days 5 and 7), on which participants received a high GI meal (GI = 72) in the morning (7 a.m.) or in the evening (8 p.m.). All other meals had a medium GI. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic responses and their variability.
Results
Among students with early chronotype 2-h postprandial glucose responses to the high GI meal were higher in the evening than in the morning (iAUC: 234 (± 92) vs. 195 (± 91) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.042). Likewise, mean and lowest 2-h postprandial glucose values were higher when the high GI meal was consumed in the evening (p < 0.001; p = 0.017). 24-h glycemic responses were similar irrespective of meal time. Participants with late chronotype consuming a high GI meal in the morning or evening showed similar 2-h postprandial (iAUC: 211 (± 110) vs. 207 (± 95) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.9) and 24-h glycemic responses at both daytimes.
Conclusions
Diurnal differences in response to a high GI meal are confined to those young adults with early chronotype, whilst those with a late chronotype seem vulnerable to both very early and late high GI meals. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04298645; 22/01/2020).
}},
author = {{Stutz, Bianca and Krueger, Bettina and Goletzke, Janina and Jankovic, Nicole and Alexy, Ute and Herder, Christian and Dierkes, Jutta and Berg-Beckhoff, Gabriele and Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus and Reinsberger, Claus and Buyken, Anette E.}},
issn = {{1436-6207}},
journal = {{European Journal of Nutrition}},
publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
title = {{{Glycemic response to meals with a high glycemic index differs between morning and evening: a randomized cross-over controlled trial among students with early or late chronotype}}},
doi = {{10.1007/s00394-024-03372-4}},
year = {{2024}},
}
@article{54927,
author = {{Stutz, Bianca and Goletzke, Janina and Krueger, Bettina and Jankovic, Nicole and Alexy, Ute and Herder, Christian and Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus and Reinsberger, Claus and Buyken, Anette E.}},
journal = {{Appetite}},
pages = {{107569}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
title = {{{Association between glucose dips and the feeling of hunger in a dietary intervention study among students with early and late chronotype-secondary analysis of a randomized cross-over nutrition trial}}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.appet.2024.107569}},
volume = {{200}},
year = {{2024}},
}