[{"article_number":"14644207261420657","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1177/14644207261420657","year":"2026","title":"Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications","author":[{"full_name":"Bähr, Philipp","first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Bähr"},{"id":"30228","full_name":"Striewe, Marius","first_name":"Marius","last_name":"Striewe"},{"id":"114764","full_name":"Dargel, Alrik","last_name":"Dargel","first_name":"Alrik"},{"full_name":"Sommer, Silke","last_name":"Sommer","first_name":"Silke"},{"full_name":"Hein, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Hein","id":"7728"},{"full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","first_name":"Gerson","id":"32056"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1464-4207","2041-3076"]},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-09T10:11:05Z","article_type":"original","date_created":"2026-05-21T16:49:00Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Subject of this paper is the investigation of the influence of local joint kinematics on the load-bearing and failure behavior of self- piercing riveted (SPR) joints. It can be shown that the local joint kinematics of SPR joints correlate with the failure mechanism of the joint. The kinematics are highly influenced by the material properties of the joining partners. Detailed experimental results from tensile tests on a representative SPR joint are presented, with local joint kinematics quantified using multiple complementary measurement methods (optical measurement, micrographs, in situ computer tomography). Furthermore, results of component tests are shown where the kinematics of the joints have been measured in the same manner. The experimental results are later used to calibrate simulation models for crash application which are used to simulate the specimen and component tests. The results of the investigation show that the local joint kinematic influences the failure behavior of the joint. Simulations of the experimental tests have shown good results, and the investigated models are able to predict the actual joint behavior.</jats:p>"}],"_id":"65673","publisher":"SAGE Publications","user_id":"7728","status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"P. Bähr, M. Striewe, A. Dargel, S. Sommer, D. Hein, and G. Meschut, “Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications,” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications</i>, Art. no. 14644207261420656, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">10.1177/14644207261420657</a>.","apa":"Bähr, P., Striewe, M., Dargel, A., Sommer, S., Hein, D., &#38; Meschut, G. (2026). Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications</i>, Article 14644207261420656. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657</a>","short":"P. Bähr, M. Striewe, A. Dargel, S. Sommer, D. Hein, G. Meschut, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications (2026).","chicago":"Bähr, Philipp, Marius Striewe, Alrik Dargel, Silke Sommer, David Hein, and Gerson Meschut. “Experimental Investigation of Local Joining Element Kinematics in Mechanical Joints and Surrogate Modelling for Crash Applications.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657</a>.","mla":"Bähr, Philipp, et al. “Experimental Investigation of Local Joining Element Kinematics in Mechanical Joints and Surrogate Modelling for Crash Applications.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications</i>, 14644207261420656, SAGE Publications, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">10.1177/14644207261420657</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bähr_Striewe_Dargel_Sommer_Hein_Meschut_2026, title={Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">10.1177/14644207261420657</a>}, number={14644207261420656}, journal={Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Bähr, Philipp and Striewe, Marius and Dargel, Alrik and Sommer, Silke and Hein, David and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2026} }","ama":"Bähr P, Striewe M, Dargel A, Sommer S, Hein D, Meschut G. Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657\">10.1177/14644207261420657</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","conference":{"start_date":"2025-11-27","name":"43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025","location":"Dresden","end_date":"2025-11-28"},"status":"public","editor":[{"full_name":"Zimmermann, Martina","first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Zimmermann"}],"volume":43,"ddc":["620"],"user_id":"114764","_id":"64562","publisher":"Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)","page":"165-170","project":[{"_id":"130","name":"TRR 285:  Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten"},{"_id":"148","name":"TRR 285 - Subproject C04"}],"citation":{"ieee":"A. Dargel, D. Köhler, M. Gude, and R. Kupfer, “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse,” in <i>Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025</i>, Dresden, 2025, vol. 43, pp. 165–170.","apa":"Dargel, A., Köhler, D., Gude, M., &#38; Kupfer, R. (2025). In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse. In M. Zimmermann (Ed.), <i>Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025</i> (Vol. 43, pp. 165–170). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM).","chicago":"Dargel, Alrik, Daniel Köhler, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse.” In <i>Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025</i>, edited by Martina Zimmermann, 43:165–70. Sankt Augustin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), 2025.","short":"A. Dargel, D. Köhler, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, in: M. Zimmermann (Ed.), Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), Sankt Augustin, 2025, pp. 165–170.","mla":"Dargel, Alrik, et al. “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse.” <i>Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025</i>, edited by Martina Zimmermann, vol. 43, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), 2025, pp. 165–70.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Dargel_Köhler_Gude_Kupfer_2025, place={Sankt Augustin}, title={In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse}, volume={43}, booktitle={Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}, publisher={Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}, author={Dargel, Alrik and Köhler, Daniel and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, editor={Zimmermann, Martina}, year={2025}, pages={165–170} }","ama":"Dargel A, Köhler D, Gude M, Kupfer R. In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse. In: Zimmermann M, ed. <i>Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025</i>. Vol 43. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM); 2025:165-170."},"file_date_updated":"2026-02-20T14:14:36Z","place":"Sankt Augustin","intvolume":"        43","date_updated":"2026-02-24T15:12:59Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-88355-454-9"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Alrik","last_name":"Dargel","full_name":"Dargel, Alrik","id":"114764"},{"id":"83408","last_name":"Köhler","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Köhler, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Maik","last_name":"Gude","full_name":"Gude, Maik"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kupfer","full_name":"Kupfer, Robert"}],"year":"2025","title":"In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Für das Verständnis und die Weiterentwicklung temperaturgestützter mechanischer Fü-geprozesse mit thermoplastischen Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden (FKV) ist die zerstörungsfreie Analyse der Materialstruktur im Inneren des Fügepunktes während der Entstehung und Belastung erforderlich. Die Kombination aus Prüfung unter Temperatureinfluss und in situ Computertomographie (CT) eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die Fügeprozessanalyse. Dazu wurde dazu eine Thermokammer entwickelt und in eine bestehende in situ CT-Anlage integriert. Anwendungsszenarien sind die Herstellung und Prüfung von Fügepunkten unter Temperatur. Die Erwärmung erfolgt über einzeln regelbare Heizzonen, welche eine gezielte Temperaturführung über die gesamte Probengeometrie ermöglichen. Die Temperaturkurve eines Aufheizversuchs, sowie eine Röntgenprojektion einer Probe innerhalb der Thermokammer validie-ren die Konstruktion.","lang":"ger"}],"publication":"Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025","type":"conference","keyword":["in situ CT","Thermokammer","Thermoplastische FKV"],"date_created":"2026-02-20T14:17:33Z","file":[{"file_id":"64564","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"V-31-Dargel_v03.pdf","file_size":398450,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2026-02-20T14:14:36Z","date_created":"2026-02-20T14:14:36Z","creator":"adargel"}]},{"_id":"61767","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","volume":44,"user_id":"114764","status":"public","citation":{"mla":"Köhler, Daniel, et al. “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials.” <i>Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</i>, vol. 44, no. 4, 131, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Köhler_Dargel_Troschitz_Gude_Kupfer_2025, title={In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials}, volume={44}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>}, number={4131}, journal={Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Köhler, Daniel and Dargel, Alrik and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, year={2025} }","ama":"Köhler D, Dargel A, Troschitz J, Gude M, Kupfer R. In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials. <i>Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</i>. 2025;44(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>","ieee":"D. Köhler, A. Dargel, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, and R. Kupfer, “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials,” <i>Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</i>, vol. 44, no. 4, Art. no. 131, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>.","apa":"Köhler, D., Dargel, A., Troschitz, J., Gude, M., &#38; Kupfer, R. (2025). In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials. <i>Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</i>, <i>44</i>(4), Article 131. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>","short":"D. Köhler, A. Dargel, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 44 (2025).","chicago":"Köhler, Daniel, Alrik Dargel, Juliane Troschitz, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials.” <i>Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</i> 44, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1</a>."},"project":[{"name":"TRR 285 - Project Area C","_id":"133"},{"name":"TRR 285:  Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten","_id":"130"},{"name":"TRR 285 - Subproject C04","_id":"148"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"131","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0195-9298","1573-4862"]},"author":[{"id":"83408","full_name":"Köhler, Daniel","last_name":"Köhler","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Alrik","last_name":"Dargel","full_name":"Dargel, Alrik","id":"114764"},{"full_name":"Troschitz, Juliane","first_name":"Juliane","last_name":"Troschitz"},{"first_name":"Maik","last_name":"Gude","full_name":"Gude, Maik"},{"last_name":"Kupfer","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Kupfer, Robert"}],"title":"In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials","year":"2025","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        44","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-02-24T15:13:52Z","date_created":"2025-10-09T08:27:41Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"4","publication":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>A clinch point’s quality is usually assessed using ex situ destructive testing methods. These, however, are unable to detect phenomena immediately during the joining process. For instance, elastic deformations reverse and cracks close after unloading. In situ methods such as the force-displacement evaluation are used to investigate a clinching process, though deviations in the clinch point geometry cannot be derived with this method. To overcome these limitations, the clinching process can be investigated using in situ computed tomography (in situ CT). When investigating the clinching of aluminum parts in in situ CT, the sheet-sheet interface is hardly visible. Earlier investigations showed that radiopaque materials can be applied between the joining parts to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface. However, the layers cause strong artefacts, break during the clinching process or change the clinch joint’s properties significantly. In this paper, a minimally invasive method to enhance the interface detectability is presented. First, the aluminum oxide layer is removed by etching. Second, the specimen is electroplated with copper or gold, respectively. In some cases, a mask is applied to create a cross-shaped plating pattern. Then, the plated specimen is clinched with a non-plated counterpart and the interface detectability of the clinch points is assessed in CT scans. It is shown that a copper plating of 2.6–4 μm can visualize some parts of the interface, while 7–9 μm is suitable to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface almost continuously.</jats:p>"}]},{"doi":"10.24840/978-972-752-323-8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395593556_LOCAL_DEFORMATION_AND_FAILURE_OF_COMPOSITES_DURING_SELF-PIERCING_RIVETING_A_CT_BASED_MICROSTRUCTURE_INVESTIGATION"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-07T08:40:51Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Dargel","first_name":"Alrik","full_name":"Dargel, Alrik","id":"114764"},{"full_name":"Gröger, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Gröger"},{"last_name":"Schlichter","first_name":"Malte Christian","full_name":"Schlichter, Malte Christian","id":"61977"},{"id":"105344","full_name":"Gerritzen, Johannes","first_name":"Johannes","last_name":"Gerritzen","orcid":"0000-0002-0169-8602"},{"id":"83408","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Köhler","full_name":"Köhler, Daniel"},{"id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","first_name":"Gerson","last_name":"Meschut"},{"full_name":"Gude, Maik","first_name":"Maik","last_name":"Gude"},{"full_name":"Kupfer, Robert","last_name":"Kupfer","first_name":"Robert"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9789727523238"]},"title":"Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation","year":"2025","keyword":["self-piercing riveting","computed tomography","thermoplastic composites","process-structure-interaction"],"type":"conference","date_created":"2025-09-08T11:52:45Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The use of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) in automotive industry increases due to their excellent material properties and possibility of rapid processing. The scale spanning heterogeneity of their material structure and its influence on the material behavior, however, presents significant challenges for most joining technologies, such as self-piercing riveting (SPR). During mechanical joining, the material structure is significantly altered within and around the joining zone, heavily influencing the material behavior. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying phenomena of material alteration during the SPR process is essential as basis for validating numerical simulations. This study examines the material structure at ten stages of a step-setting test of SPR with two FRTP sheets with glass-fiber reinforcement. Utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT), the damage phenomena within different areas of the setting test are analyzed three-dimensionally and key parameters are quantified. Dominating phenomena during the penetration of the rivet into the laminate are fiber failure (FF), interfiber failure (IFF) and fiber bending, while delamination, fiber kinking and roving splitting are also observed. At the final stages, the bottom layers of the second sheet collapse and form a bulge into the cavity of the die."}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)","editor":[{"first_name":"J.F. Silva","last_name":"Gomes","full_name":"Gomes, J.F. Silva"},{"last_name":"Meguid","first_name":"Shaker A.","full_name":"Meguid, Shaker A."}],"user_id":"114764","_id":"61149","publisher":"FEUP","conference":{"start_date":"2025-07-15","name":"8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)","location":"Porto","end_date":"2025-07-18"},"status":"public","oa":"1","place":"Porto","project":[{"name":"TRR 285 - Project Area C","_id":"133"},{"_id":"148","name":"TRR 285 - Subproject C04"},{"_id":"130","name":"TRR 285:  Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten"},{"_id":"131","name":"TRR 285 - Project Area A"},{"name":"TRR 285 - Subproject A03","_id":"137"},{"name":"TRR 285 - Subproject A01","_id":"135"}],"citation":{"ieee":"A. Dargel <i>et al.</i>, “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation,” in <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)</i>, Porto, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>.","apa":"Dargel, A., Gröger, B., Schlichter, M. C., Gerritzen, J., Köhler, D., Meschut, G., Gude, M., &#38; Kupfer, R. (2025). Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation. In J. F. S. Gomes &#38; S. A. Meguid (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)</i>. FEUP. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>","mla":"Dargel, Alrik, et al. “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation.” <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)</i>, edited by J.F. Silva Gomes and Shaker A. Meguid, FEUP, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Dargel_Gröger_Schlichter_Gerritzen_Köhler_Meschut_Gude_Kupfer_2025, place={Porto}, title={Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)}, publisher={FEUP}, author={Dargel, Alrik and Gröger, Benjamin and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Gerritzen, Johannes and Köhler, Daniel and Meschut, Gerson and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, editor={Gomes, J.F. Silva and Meguid, Shaker A.}, year={2025} }","chicago":"Dargel, Alrik, Benjamin Gröger, Malte Christian Schlichter, Johannes Gerritzen, Daniel Köhler, Gerson Meschut, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation.” In <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)</i>, edited by J.F. Silva Gomes and Shaker A. Meguid. Porto: FEUP, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>.","ama":"Dargel A, Gröger B, Schlichter MC, et al. Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation. In: Gomes JFS, Meguid SA, eds. <i>Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)</i>. FEUP; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8\">10.24840/978-972-752-323-8</a>","short":"A. Dargel, B. Gröger, M.C. Schlichter, J. Gerritzen, D. Köhler, G. Meschut, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, in: J.F.S. Gomes, S.A. Meguid (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025), FEUP, Porto, 2025."}}]