--- _id: '65673' abstract: - lang: eng text: Subject of this paper is the investigation of the influence of local joint kinematics on the load-bearing and failure behavior of self- piercing riveted (SPR) joints. It can be shown that the local joint kinematics of SPR joints correlate with the failure mechanism of the joint. The kinematics are highly influenced by the material properties of the joining partners. Detailed experimental results from tensile tests on a representative SPR joint are presented, with local joint kinematics quantified using multiple complementary measurement methods (optical measurement, micrographs, in situ computer tomography). Furthermore, results of component tests are shown where the kinematics of the joints have been measured in the same manner. The experimental results are later used to calibrate simulation models for crash application which are used to simulate the specimen and component tests. The results of the investigation show that the local joint kinematic influences the failure behavior of the joint. Simulations of the experimental tests have shown good results, and the investigated models are able to predict the actual joint behavior. article_number: '14644207261420657' article_type: original author: - first_name: Philipp full_name: Bähr, Philipp last_name: Bähr - first_name: Marius full_name: Striewe, Marius id: '30228' last_name: Striewe - first_name: Alrik full_name: Dargel, Alrik id: '114764' last_name: Dargel - first_name: Silke full_name: Sommer, Silke last_name: Sommer - first_name: David full_name: Hein, David id: '7728' last_name: Hein - first_name: Gerson full_name: Meschut, Gerson id: '32056' last_name: Meschut orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246 citation: ama: 'Bähr P, Striewe M, Dargel A, Sommer S, Hein D, Meschut G. Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. Published online 2026. doi:10.1177/14644207261420657' apa: 'Bähr, P., Striewe, M., Dargel, A., Sommer, S., Hein, D., & Meschut, G. (2026). Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Article 14644207261420656. https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657' bibtex: '@article{Bähr_Striewe_Dargel_Sommer_Hein_Meschut_2026, title={Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications}, DOI={10.1177/14644207261420657}, number={14644207261420656}, journal={Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Bähr, Philipp and Striewe, Marius and Dargel, Alrik and Sommer, Silke and Hein, David and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2026} }' chicago: 'Bähr, Philipp, Marius Striewe, Alrik Dargel, Silke Sommer, David Hein, and Gerson Meschut. “Experimental Investigation of Local Joining Element Kinematics in Mechanical Joints and Surrogate Modelling for Crash Applications.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261420657.' ieee: 'P. Bähr, M. Striewe, A. Dargel, S. Sommer, D. Hein, and G. Meschut, “Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Art. no. 14644207261420656, 2026, doi: 10.1177/14644207261420657.' mla: 'Bähr, Philipp, et al. “Experimental Investigation of Local Joining Element Kinematics in Mechanical Joints and Surrogate Modelling for Crash Applications.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 14644207261420656, SAGE Publications, 2026, doi:10.1177/14644207261420657.' short: 'P. Bähr, M. Striewe, A. Dargel, S. Sommer, D. Hein, G. Meschut, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications (2026).' date_created: 2026-05-21T16:49:00Z date_updated: 2026-06-09T10:11:05Z department: - _id: '157' doi: 10.1177/14644207261420657 language: - iso: eng publication: 'Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications' publication_identifier: issn: - 1464-4207 - 2041-3076 publication_status: published publisher: SAGE Publications quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Experimental investigation of local joining element kinematics in mechanical joints and surrogate modelling for crash applications type: journal_article user_id: '7728' year: '2026' ... --- _id: '64562' abstract: - lang: ger text: Für das Verständnis und die Weiterentwicklung temperaturgestützter mechanischer Fü-geprozesse mit thermoplastischen Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden (FKV) ist die zerstörungsfreie Analyse der Materialstruktur im Inneren des Fügepunktes während der Entstehung und Belastung erforderlich. Die Kombination aus Prüfung unter Temperatureinfluss und in situ Computertomographie (CT) eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die Fügeprozessanalyse. Dazu wurde dazu eine Thermokammer entwickelt und in eine bestehende in situ CT-Anlage integriert. Anwendungsszenarien sind die Herstellung und Prüfung von Fügepunkten unter Temperatur. Die Erwärmung erfolgt über einzeln regelbare Heizzonen, welche eine gezielte Temperaturführung über die gesamte Probengeometrie ermöglichen. Die Temperaturkurve eines Aufheizversuchs, sowie eine Röntgenprojektion einer Probe innerhalb der Thermokammer validie-ren die Konstruktion. author: - first_name: Alrik full_name: Dargel, Alrik id: '114764' last_name: Dargel - first_name: Daniel full_name: Köhler, Daniel id: '83408' last_name: Köhler - first_name: Maik full_name: Gude, Maik last_name: Gude - first_name: Robert full_name: Kupfer, Robert last_name: Kupfer citation: ama: 'Dargel A, Köhler D, Gude M, Kupfer R. In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse. In: Zimmermann M, ed. Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025. Vol 43. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM); 2025:165-170.' apa: 'Dargel, A., Köhler, D., Gude, M., & Kupfer, R. (2025). In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse. In M. Zimmermann (Ed.), Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025 (Vol. 43, pp. 165–170). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM).' bibtex: '@inproceedings{Dargel_Köhler_Gude_Kupfer_2025, place={Sankt Augustin}, title={In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse}, volume={43}, booktitle={Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025}, publisher={Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM)}, author={Dargel, Alrik and Köhler, Daniel and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, editor={Zimmermann, Martina}, year={2025}, pages={165–170} }' chicago: 'Dargel, Alrik, Daniel Köhler, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse.” In Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025, edited by Martina Zimmermann, 43:165–70. Sankt Augustin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), 2025.' ieee: 'A. Dargel, D. Köhler, M. Gude, and R. Kupfer, “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse,” in Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025, Dresden, 2025, vol. 43, pp. 165–170.' mla: 'Dargel, Alrik, et al. “In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse.” Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025, edited by Martina Zimmermann, vol. 43, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), 2025, pp. 165–70.' short: 'A. Dargel, D. Köhler, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, in: M. Zimmermann (Ed.), Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM), Sankt Augustin, 2025, pp. 165–170.' conference: end_date: 2025-11-28 location: Dresden name: 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025 start_date: 2025-11-27 date_created: 2026-02-20T14:17:33Z date_updated: 2026-02-24T15:12:59Z ddc: - '620' editor: - first_name: Martina full_name: Zimmermann, Martina last_name: Zimmermann file: - access_level: closed content_type: application/pdf creator: adargel date_created: 2026-02-20T14:14:36Z date_updated: 2026-02-20T14:14:36Z file_id: '64564' file_name: V-31-Dargel_v03.pdf file_size: 398450 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-02-20T14:14:36Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 43' keyword: - in situ CT - Thermokammer - Thermoplastische FKV language: - iso: ger page: 165-170 place: Sankt Augustin project: - _id: '130' name: 'TRR 285: Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten' - _id: '148' name: TRR 285 - Subproject C04 publication: Tagungsband 43. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025 publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-3-88355-454-9 publication_status: published publisher: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. (DGM) status: public title: 'In situ CT unter Temperatur: Thermokammer für thermoplastische FKV-Fügeprozesse' type: conference user_id: '114764' volume: 43 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '61767' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Abstract\r\n A clinch point’s quality is usually assessed using ex situ destructive testing methods. These, however, are unable to detect phenomena immediately during the joining process. For instance, elastic deformations reverse and cracks close after unloading. In situ methods such as the force-displacement evaluation are used to investigate a clinching process, though deviations in the clinch point geometry cannot be derived with this method. To overcome these limitations, the clinching process can be investigated using in situ computed tomography (in situ CT). When investigating the clinching of aluminum parts in in situ CT, the sheet-sheet interface is hardly visible. Earlier investigations showed that radiopaque materials can be applied between the joining parts to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface. However, the layers cause strong artefacts, break during the clinching process or change the clinch joint’s properties significantly. In this paper, a minimally invasive method to enhance the interface detectability is presented. First, the aluminum oxide layer is removed by etching. Second, the specimen is electroplated with copper or gold, respectively. In some cases, a mask is applied to create a cross-shaped plating pattern. Then, the plated specimen is clinched with a non-plated counterpart and the interface detectability of the clinch points is assessed in CT scans. It is shown that a copper plating of 2.6–4 μm can visualize some parts of the interface, while 7–9 μm is suitable to enhance the detectability of the sheet-sheet interface almost continuously." article_number: '131' article_type: original author: - first_name: Daniel full_name: Köhler, Daniel id: '83408' last_name: Köhler - first_name: Alrik full_name: Dargel, Alrik id: '114764' last_name: Dargel - first_name: Juliane full_name: Troschitz, Juliane last_name: Troschitz - first_name: Maik full_name: Gude, Maik last_name: Gude - first_name: Robert full_name: Kupfer, Robert last_name: Kupfer citation: ama: Köhler D, Dargel A, Troschitz J, Gude M, Kupfer R. In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2025;44(4). doi:10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1 apa: Köhler, D., Dargel, A., Troschitz, J., Gude, M., & Kupfer, R. (2025). In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 44(4), Article 131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1 bibtex: '@article{Köhler_Dargel_Troschitz_Gude_Kupfer_2025, title={In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1}, number={4131}, journal={Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Köhler, Daniel and Dargel, Alrik and Troschitz, Juliane and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, year={2025} }' chicago: Köhler, Daniel, Alrik Dargel, Juliane Troschitz, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials.” Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 44, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1. ieee: 'D. Köhler, A. Dargel, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, and R. Kupfer, “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials,” Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, vol. 44, no. 4, Art. no. 131, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1.' mla: Köhler, Daniel, et al. “In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials.” Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, vol. 44, no. 4, 131, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025, doi:10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1. short: D. Köhler, A. Dargel, J. Troschitz, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 44 (2025). date_created: 2025-10-09T08:27:41Z date_updated: 2026-02-24T15:13:52Z doi: 10.1007/s10921-025-01270-1 intvolume: ' 44' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng project: - _id: '133' name: TRR 285 - Project Area C - _id: '130' name: 'TRR 285: Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten' - _id: '148' name: TRR 285 - Subproject C04 publication: Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation publication_identifier: issn: - 0195-9298 - 1573-4862 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC status: public title: In Situ CT of Clinch Points – Enhancing Interface Detectability Using Electroplated Patterns of Radiopaque Materials type: journal_article user_id: '114764' volume: 44 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '61149' abstract: - lang: eng text: The use of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) in automotive industry increases due to their excellent material properties and possibility of rapid processing. The scale spanning heterogeneity of their material structure and its influence on the material behavior, however, presents significant challenges for most joining technologies, such as self-piercing riveting (SPR). During mechanical joining, the material structure is significantly altered within and around the joining zone, heavily influencing the material behavior. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying phenomena of material alteration during the SPR process is essential as basis for validating numerical simulations. This study examines the material structure at ten stages of a step-setting test of SPR with two FRTP sheets with glass-fiber reinforcement. Utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT), the damage phenomena within different areas of the setting test are analyzed three-dimensionally and key parameters are quantified. Dominating phenomena during the penetration of the rivet into the laminate are fiber failure (FF), interfiber failure (IFF) and fiber bending, while delamination, fiber kinking and roving splitting are also observed. At the final stages, the bottom layers of the second sheet collapse and form a bulge into the cavity of the die. author: - first_name: Alrik full_name: Dargel, Alrik id: '114764' last_name: Dargel - first_name: Benjamin full_name: Gröger, Benjamin last_name: Gröger - first_name: Malte Christian full_name: Schlichter, Malte Christian id: '61977' last_name: Schlichter - first_name: Johannes full_name: Gerritzen, Johannes id: '105344' last_name: Gerritzen orcid: 0000-0002-0169-8602 - first_name: Daniel full_name: Köhler, Daniel id: '83408' last_name: Köhler - first_name: Gerson full_name: Meschut, Gerson id: '32056' last_name: Meschut orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246 - first_name: Maik full_name: Gude, Maik last_name: Gude - first_name: Robert full_name: Kupfer, Robert last_name: Kupfer citation: ama: 'Dargel A, Gröger B, Schlichter MC, et al. Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation. In: Gomes JFS, Meguid SA, eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025). FEUP; 2025. doi:10.24840/978-972-752-323-8' apa: 'Dargel, A., Gröger, B., Schlichter, M. C., Gerritzen, J., Köhler, D., Meschut, G., Gude, M., & Kupfer, R. (2025). Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation. In J. F. S. Gomes & S. A. Meguid (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025). FEUP. https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8' bibtex: '@inproceedings{Dargel_Gröger_Schlichter_Gerritzen_Köhler_Meschut_Gude_Kupfer_2025, place={Porto}, title={Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation}, DOI={10.24840/978-972-752-323-8}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025)}, publisher={FEUP}, author={Dargel, Alrik and Gröger, Benjamin and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Gerritzen, Johannes and Köhler, Daniel and Meschut, Gerson and Gude, Maik and Kupfer, Robert}, editor={Gomes, J.F. Silva and Meguid, Shaker A.}, year={2025} }' chicago: 'Dargel, Alrik, Benjamin Gröger, Malte Christian Schlichter, Johannes Gerritzen, Daniel Köhler, Gerson Meschut, Maik Gude, and Robert Kupfer. “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation.” In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025), edited by J.F. Silva Gomes and Shaker A. Meguid. Porto: FEUP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-323-8.' ieee: 'A. Dargel et al., “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025), Porto, 2025, doi: 10.24840/978-972-752-323-8.' mla: 'Dargel, Alrik, et al. “Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation.” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025), edited by J.F. Silva Gomes and Shaker A. Meguid, FEUP, 2025, doi:10.24840/978-972-752-323-8.' short: 'A. Dargel, B. Gröger, M.C. Schlichter, J. Gerritzen, D. Köhler, G. Meschut, M. Gude, R. Kupfer, in: J.F.S. Gomes, S.A. Meguid (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025), FEUP, Porto, 2025.' conference: end_date: 2025-07-18 location: Porto name: 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025) start_date: 2025-07-15 date_created: 2025-09-08T11:52:45Z date_updated: 2026-05-07T08:40:51Z doi: 10.24840/978-972-752-323-8 editor: - first_name: J.F. Silva full_name: Gomes, J.F. Silva last_name: Gomes - first_name: Shaker A. full_name: Meguid, Shaker A. last_name: Meguid keyword: - self-piercing riveting - computed tomography - thermoplastic composites - process-structure-interaction language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395593556_LOCAL_DEFORMATION_AND_FAILURE_OF_COMPOSITES_DURING_SELF-PIERCING_RIVETING_A_CT_BASED_MICROSTRUCTURE_INVESTIGATION oa: '1' place: Porto project: - _id: '133' name: TRR 285 - Project Area C - _id: '148' name: TRR 285 - Subproject C04 - _id: '130' name: 'TRR 285: Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten' - _id: '131' name: TRR 285 - Project Area A - _id: '137' name: TRR 285 - Subproject A03 - _id: '135' name: TRR 285 - Subproject A01 publication: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure (IRF2025) publication_identifier: isbn: - '9789727523238' publication_status: published publisher: FEUP status: public title: 'Local Deformation and Failure of Composites during Self-Piercing Riveting: A CT-Based Microstructure Investigation' type: conference user_id: '114764' year: '2025' ...