--- _id: '63675' abstract: - lang: eng text: Cobalt spinel (Co3O4) catalysts are widely studied in scope of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet the role of interfacial structural transformation under anodic bias remains under debate. Here, we employ an operando approach, combining a fast electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Raman spectroscopy to investigate interfacial transformations of Co3O4 nanoparticle electrodes in alkaline electrolyte. We identify two distinct regimes during the anodic sweep prior to the macroscopic OER onset. At lower potentials, the catalyst interface remains mechanically rigid while reversibly associating several OH−/H2O species per oxidized cobalt site. At higher potentials, pronounced softening of the interface occurs alongside further uptake of electrolyte species. This indicates amorphization and a ‘swelling process’ beyond simple adsorption. Notably, an electrochemical conditioning treatment can suppress mass and compliance hysteresis without affecting OER activity, suggesting that most incorporated electrolyte species do not participate in the OER. EIS further reveals that OER intermediates form well below the apparent OER onset potential. These results advance our mechanistic understanding of interfacial transformations in cobalt-based OER catalysts and establish EQCM-D as a sensitive operando technique for probing electrocatalyst transformations. article_number: e01104 author: - first_name: Christian full_name: Leppin, Christian id: '117722' last_name: Leppin - first_name: Carsten full_name: Placke‐Yan, Carsten last_name: Placke‐Yan - first_name: Georg full_name: Bendt, Georg last_name: Bendt - first_name: Sheila full_name: Hernandez, Sheila last_name: Hernandez - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik - first_name: Stephan full_name: Schulz, Stephan last_name: Schulz - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 citation: ama: 'Leppin C, Placke‐Yan C, Bendt G, et al. Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D. ChemCatChem. 2026;18(2). doi:10.1002/cctc.202501104' apa: 'Leppin, C., Placke‐Yan, C., Bendt, G., Hernandez, S., Tschulik, K., Schulz, S., & Linnemann, J. (2026). Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D. ChemCatChem, 18(2), Article e01104. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202501104' bibtex: '@article{Leppin_Placke‐Yan_Bendt_Hernandez_Tschulik_Schulz_Linnemann_2026, title={Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1002/cctc.202501104}, number={2e01104}, journal={ChemCatChem}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Leppin, Christian and Placke‐Yan, Carsten and Bendt, Georg and Hernandez, Sheila and Tschulik, Kristina and Schulz, Stephan and Linnemann, Julia}, year={2026} }' chicago: 'Leppin, Christian, Carsten Placke‐Yan, Georg Bendt, Sheila Hernandez, Kristina Tschulik, Stephan Schulz, and Julia Linnemann. “Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D.” ChemCatChem 18, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202501104.' ieee: 'C. Leppin et al., “Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D,” ChemCatChem, vol. 18, no. 2, Art. no. e01104, 2026, doi: 10.1002/cctc.202501104.' mla: 'Leppin, Christian, et al. “Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D.” ChemCatChem, vol. 18, no. 2, e01104, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/cctc.202501104.' short: C. Leppin, C. Placke‐Yan, G. Bendt, S. Hernandez, K. Tschulik, S. Schulz, J. Linnemann, ChemCatChem 18 (2026). date_created: 2026-01-20T19:33:40Z date_updated: 2026-01-20T19:36:51Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1002/cctc.202501104 intvolume: ' 18' issue: '2' keyword: - electrocatalysis - Co3O4 - EQCM-D - OER language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' publication: ChemCatChem publication_identifier: issn: - 1867-3880 - 1867-3899 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Interfacial Softening and Electrolyte Uptake in Co3O4 OER Catalysts: Insight from Operando Spectroscopy and Fast EQCM‐D' type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 18 year: '2026' ... --- _id: '64182' abstract: - lang: eng text: Overcoming the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is a key challenge for the production of hydrogen via electrolysis. This reaction operates at very positive potentials, where the electrocatalyst is exposed to highly oxidative conditions and prone to potential-dependent transformation of the near-surface region. While substantial evidence for such surface restructuring exists, its extent and relevance for the catalyst’s activity are unclear. We address this topic for the case of Co3O4, one of the best-known electrocatalysts exhibiting surface restructuring, by studies of epitaxial (111)-ordered electrodeposited films with combined operando X-ray surface diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements on rotating disk electrodes. Comparison of the as-prepared and annealed state of the same samples, which both are stable even under long-term oxygen evolution conditions, provides clear insight into the role of surface defects. Our results show that defect-free annealed Co3O4(111) surfaces are structurally stable over a wide potential range and hydroxylate via adsorption at surface oxygen and Co sites. Potential-induced surface restructuring of the Co3O4 lattice occurs only in the presence of surface defects, leading to the formation of the well-known nanometer-thick oxyhydroxide skin layer. The presence of this skin layer promotes oxygen evolution at low overpotentials but results in higher Tafel slopes. As a result, highly ordered Co3O4(111) surfaces are more active at high current densities than defective Co3O4 surfaces that undergo surface restructuring. These results highlight that strategies for catalyst surface defect engineering need to be application-oriented. article_number: acscatal.5c08785 article_type: original author: - first_name: Carl Hendric full_name: Scharf, Carl Hendric last_name: Scharf - first_name: Alex full_name: Chandraraj, Alex last_name: Chandraraj - first_name: Konrad full_name: Dyk, Konrad last_name: Dyk - first_name: Felix full_name: Stebner, Felix last_name: Stebner - first_name: Sören full_name: Lepin, Sören last_name: Lepin - first_name: Jing full_name: Tian, Jing last_name: Tian - first_name: Laila full_name: El Bergmi Byaz, Laila last_name: El Bergmi Byaz - first_name: Jochim full_name: Stettner, Jochim last_name: Stettner - first_name: Christian full_name: Leppin, Christian id: '117722' last_name: Leppin - first_name: Anastasiia full_name: Kotova, Anastasiia last_name: Kotova - first_name: Sebastian full_name: Reinke, Sebastian id: '117727' last_name: Reinke - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Fouad full_name: Maroun, Fouad last_name: Maroun - first_name: Olaf M. full_name: Magnussen, Olaf M. last_name: Magnussen citation: ama: Scharf CH, Chandraraj A, Dyk K, et al. Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts. ACS Catalysis. Published online 2026. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c08785 apa: Scharf, C. H., Chandraraj, A., Dyk, K., Stebner, F., Lepin, S., Tian, J., El Bergmi Byaz, L., Stettner, J., Leppin, C., Kotova, A., Reinke, S., Linnemann, J., Maroun, F., & Magnussen, O. M. (2026). Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts. ACS Catalysis, Article acscatal.5c08785. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785 bibtex: '@article{Scharf_Chandraraj_Dyk_Stebner_Lepin_Tian_El Bergmi Byaz_Stettner_Leppin_Kotova_et al._2026, title={Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts}, DOI={10.1021/acscatal.5c08785}, number={acscatal.5c08785}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Scharf, Carl Hendric and Chandraraj, Alex and Dyk, Konrad and Stebner, Felix and Lepin, Sören and Tian, Jing and El Bergmi Byaz, Laila and Stettner, Jochim and Leppin, Christian and Kotova, Anastasiia and et al.}, year={2026} }' chicago: Scharf, Carl Hendric, Alex Chandraraj, Konrad Dyk, Felix Stebner, Sören Lepin, Jing Tian, Laila El Bergmi Byaz, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.” ACS Catalysis, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785. ieee: 'C. H. Scharf et al., “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts,” ACS Catalysis, Art. no. acscatal.5c08785, 2026, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c08785.' mla: Scharf, Carl Hendric, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.” ACS Catalysis, acscatal.5c08785, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c08785. short: C.H. Scharf, A. Chandraraj, K. Dyk, F. Stebner, S. Lepin, J. Tian, L. El Bergmi Byaz, J. Stettner, C. Leppin, A. Kotova, S. Reinke, J. Linnemann, F. Maroun, O.M. Magnussen, ACS Catalysis (2026). date_created: 2026-02-16T14:22:15Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T14:25:00Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c08785 keyword: - electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - cobalt spinel - operando characterization language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785 oa: '1' publication: ACS Catalysis publication_identifier: issn: - 2155-5435 - 2155-5435 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts type: journal_article user_id: '116779' year: '2026' ... --- _id: '62814' abstract: - lang: eng text: Porous carbons are prominent electrode materials in energy storage applications such as supercapacitors. However, rational materials development is hampered by difficulties in interpreting electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and drawing conclusions about promising aspects of device improvement. Here, we characterized electrodes consisting of activated carbon with polyacrylic acid binder in four different concentrations of sulfuric acid, using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both datasets were evaluated with simple equivalent circuits and comparatively analyzed. Conductivity of the electrolyte was independently measured. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) show larger resistance and capacitance at low scan rates. Resistances obtained from EIS are in good agreement with those obtained by cyclic voltammograms particularly at high scan rates. The comparison against specific electrolyte resistance can reveal whether resistances within the solid electrode architecture or resistances within the electrolyte, partially confined by pores, are the dominant cause of increased resistance at low scan rate. Comparison between CV and EIS points to the main electrode capacitance being described by a constant phase element (CPE) used to fit the low-frequency region of EIS. author: - first_name: Sebastian full_name: Reinke, Sebastian id: '117727' last_name: Reinke - first_name: Vera full_name: Khamitsevich, Vera last_name: Khamitsevich - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 citation: ama: 'Reinke S, Khamitsevich V, Linnemann J. Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes. In: 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE; 2025. doi:10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115' apa: Reinke, S., Khamitsevich, V., & Linnemann, J. (2025). Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes. 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). https://doi.org/10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Reinke_Khamitsevich_Linnemann_2025, title={Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes}, DOI={10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115}, booktitle={2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Reinke, Sebastian and Khamitsevich, Vera and Linnemann, Julia}, year={2025} }' chicago: Reinke, Sebastian, Vera Khamitsevich, and Julia Linnemann. “Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes.” In 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115. ieee: 'S. Reinke, V. Khamitsevich, and J. Linnemann, “Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes,” 2025, doi: 10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115.' mla: Reinke, Sebastian, et al. “Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes.” 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), IEEE, 2025, doi:10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115. short: 'S. Reinke, V. Khamitsevich, J. Linnemann, in: 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), IEEE, 2025.' date_created: 2025-12-03T16:06:09Z date_updated: 2026-01-19T15:41:43Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1109/iwis63047.2024.10847115 extern: '1' keyword: - electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - distorted cyclic voltammograms - supercapacitors - carbon language: - iso: eng publication: 2024 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS) publication_status: published publisher: IEEE quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Complementary Analysis of Cyclic Voltammograms and Impedance Spectra of Porous Carbon Electrodes type: conference user_id: '116779' year: '2025' ... --- _id: '62798' abstract: - lang: eng text: We investigated electrodeposited nanoparticulate nickel selenide (pre)catalysts that transform into nickel oxides/oxyhydroxides under oxygen evolution reaction conditions in alkaline solutions. Previous studies of this transformation were conducted at lower current densities than those of industrial relevance (≥1 A cm–2). We used ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) to achieve such current densities, benefiting from their small size, ensuring low absolute currents and low ohmic drop but high current densities. Morphological degradation of the catalyst material was only observed at current densities exceeding 1 A cm–2 but not for smaller ones. Using X-ray absorption, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we confirmed that the degradation was accompanied by the literature-known transformation of nanoparticulate Ni3Se2 (bulk)/NiSe (surface) into nickel oxyhydroxide. The transformation of the precatalyst goes along with a significant improvement in the charge transfer kinetics observed by decreasing Tafel slopes with ongoing experimental time extracted from cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the high-frequency range. However, these kinetic improvements are accompanied by limitations in mass transport concluded from decreasing current responses at high overpotentials in CVs and increasing impedance in the low-frequency range of the EIS spectra after extended CV cycling. These mass transport limitations originated from morphological degradations at the UME exceeding 1 A cm–2 which we proved by applying identical location scanning electron microscopy. This has not been reported in studies that have been limited to lower current densities before. Our findings showcase how UMEs can be used to study (pre)catalysts (herein nickel selenides) under current densities of industrial relevance in the absence of ohmic drop-related ambiguities, combined with in-depth materials characterization studies, e.g., identical location microscopy and advanced spectroscopic methods. This approach enables direct evaluation and comparison of catalyst materials and thus demonstrates how to overcome long-standing limitations of electrocatalyst design and testing. article_type: original author: - first_name: Felix full_name: Hiege, Felix last_name: Hiege - first_name: Chun-Wai full_name: Chang, Chun-Wai last_name: Chang - first_name: Oliver full_name: Trost, Oliver last_name: Trost - first_name: Charlotte E. R. full_name: van Halteren, Charlotte E. R. last_name: van Halteren - first_name: Pouya full_name: Hosseini, Pouya last_name: Hosseini - first_name: Georg full_name: Bendt, Georg last_name: Bendt - first_name: Stephan full_name: Schulz, Stephan last_name: Schulz - first_name: Zhenxing full_name: Feng, Zhenxing last_name: Feng - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik citation: ama: Hiege F, Chang C-W, Trost O, et al. Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2025;17(29):41893-41903. doi:10.1021/acsami.5c05381 apa: Hiege, F., Chang, C.-W., Trost, O., van Halteren, C. E. R., Hosseini, P., Bendt, G., Schulz, S., Feng, Z., Linnemann, J., & Tschulik, K. (2025). Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17(29), 41893–41903. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c05381 bibtex: '@article{Hiege_Chang_Trost_van Halteren_Hosseini_Bendt_Schulz_Feng_Linnemann_Tschulik_2025, title={Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.5c05381}, number={29}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Hiege, Felix and Chang, Chun-Wai and Trost, Oliver and van Halteren, Charlotte E. R. and Hosseini, Pouya and Bendt, Georg and Schulz, Stephan and Feng, Zhenxing and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2025}, pages={41893–41903} }' chicago: 'Hiege, Felix, Chun-Wai Chang, Oliver Trost, Charlotte E. R. van Halteren, Pouya Hosseini, Georg Bendt, Stephan Schulz, Zhenxing Feng, Julia Linnemann, and Kristina Tschulik. “Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 17, no. 29 (2025): 41893–903. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c05381.' ieee: 'F. Hiege et al., “Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 17, no. 29, pp. 41893–41903, 2025, doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c05381.' mla: Hiege, Felix, et al. “Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 17, no. 29, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025, pp. 41893–903, doi:10.1021/acsami.5c05381. short: F. Hiege, C.-W. Chang, O. Trost, C.E.R. van Halteren, P. Hosseini, G. Bendt, S. Schulz, Z. Feng, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 17 (2025) 41893–41903. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:08:47Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:27:30Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c05381 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 17' issue: '29' keyword: - Electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - nickel selenide - microelectrode language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.5c05381 oa: '1' page: 41893-41903 publication: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces publication_identifier: issn: - 1944-8244 - 1944-8252 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Morphological Degradation of Oxygen Evolution Reaction-Electrocatalyzing Nickel Selenides at Industrially Relevant Current Densities type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 17 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '61982' abstract: - lang: eng text: Doped Co3O4 nanoparticles are investigated via spectro-electrochemistry in the (pre-) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime by tracing the absorption signal of the Co3+ d–d transition under applied bias for getting insight into the catalysts activation and the formation of catalytically active phases. In the low potential regime up to 1.37 VRHE, a rise in the optical absorption signal of the [Co3+]oct d–d transition is observed and attributed to a structural change from [Co2+]tet to [Co3+]oct due to an electrochemically induced surface restructuring with water. For applied potentials higher than 1.37 VRHE an overall offset of the absorption spectra in the UV–vis range, equivalent to a darkening of the materials is detected. This is attributed to the formation of a CoOx(OH)y skin layer as supported by high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) measurements. We found that the kinetics of the Co3+ states are heavily influenced by the type of dopant with V-doped Co3O4 exhibiting stable Co3+ states (>20 min) while the Mn-doped Co3O4 Co3+ states reduce within 36 s under reductive bias. We conclude that doping Co3O4 with transition metals affects the formation and potential-dependent thickness of the CoOx(OH)y skin layer as the catalytically active phase and the formation of long-time stable surface Co3+ states after activation in the first OER cycle. article_type: original author: - first_name: L. full_name: Kampermann, L. last_name: Kampermann - first_name: J. full_name: Klein, J. last_name: Klein - first_name: T. full_name: Wagner, T. last_name: Wagner - first_name: A. full_name: Kotova, A. last_name: Kotova - first_name: C. full_name: Placke-Yan, C. last_name: Placke-Yan - first_name: A. full_name: Yasar, A. last_name: Yasar - first_name: L. full_name: Jacobse, L. last_name: Jacobse - first_name: S. full_name: Lasagna, S. last_name: Lasagna - first_name: Christian full_name: Leppin, Christian id: '117722' last_name: Leppin - first_name: S. full_name: Schulz, S. last_name: Schulz - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: A. full_name: Bergmann, A. last_name: Bergmann - first_name: B. full_name: Roldan Cuenya, B. last_name: Roldan Cuenya - first_name: G. full_name: Bacher, G. last_name: Bacher citation: ama: Kampermann L, Klein J, Wagner T, et al. Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catalysis. 2025;15(21):18391-18403. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c03900 apa: Kampermann, L., Klein, J., Wagner, T., Kotova, A., Placke-Yan, C., Yasar, A., Jacobse, L., Lasagna, S., Leppin, C., Schulz, S., Linnemann, J., Bergmann, A., Roldan Cuenya, B., & Bacher, G. (2025). Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catalysis, 15(21), 18391–18403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900 bibtex: '@article{Kampermann_Klein_Wagner_Kotova_Placke-Yan_Yasar_Jacobse_Lasagna_Leppin_Schulz_et al._2025, title={Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1021/acscatal.5c03900}, number={21}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kampermann, L. and Klein, J. and Wagner, T. and Kotova, A. and Placke-Yan, C. and Yasar, A. and Jacobse, L. and Lasagna, S. and Leppin, Christian and Schulz, S. and et al.}, year={2025}, pages={18391–18403} }' chicago: 'Kampermann, L., J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar, L. Jacobse, et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts.” ACS Catalysis 15, no. 21 (2025): 18391–403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900.' ieee: 'L. Kampermann et al., “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts,” ACS Catalysis, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 18391–18403, 2025, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03900.' mla: Kampermann, L., et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts.” ACS Catalysis, vol. 15, no. 21, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025, pp. 18391–403, doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c03900. short: L. Kampermann, J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar, L. Jacobse, S. Lasagna, C. Leppin, S. Schulz, J. Linnemann, A. Bergmann, B. Roldan Cuenya, G. Bacher, ACS Catalysis 15 (2025) 18391–18403. date_created: 2025-10-24T07:49:21Z date_updated: 2025-12-07T17:15:53Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03900 intvolume: ' 15' issue: '21' keyword: - electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - cobalt spinel - operando characterization - spectroelectrochemistry language: - iso: eng page: 18391-18403 publication: ACS Catalysis publication_identifier: issn: - 2155-5435 - 2155-5435 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 15 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '62812' abstract: - lang: eng text: Attributing features of electrochemical impedance spectra to electrochemical phenomena is both crucial and frequently ambiguous. To elucidate the origin of the ohmic part of the spectrum, activated carbon electrodes were prepared with different contents of polyacrylic acid as binder. Their impedance spectra and cyclic voltammograms were recorded using sulfuric acid of five different concentrations as the electrolyte. To distinguish electrolyte resistance and resistances related to the activated carbon layer of the electrode, the specific electrolyte conductivity was independently measured and compared against the ohmic part of the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The capacitive cyclic voltammograms show larger resistive contributions with higher scan rate and lower electrolyte conductivity. Comparing the ohmic part of the EIS to the specific resistance of the electrolyte, a linear function with no statistically significant offset was found. The ohmic part of the EIS, thus, reflects the electrolyte resistance, not that of the carbon electrode. author: - first_name: Sebastian full_name: Reinke, Sebastian id: '117727' last_name: Reinke - first_name: Vera full_name: Khamitsevich, Vera last_name: Khamitsevich - first_name: Oliver full_name: Röth, Oliver id: '117786' last_name: Röth - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 citation: ama: 'Reinke S, Khamitsevich V, Röth O, Linnemann J. Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra. In: 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE; 2023. doi:10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764' apa: Reinke, S., Khamitsevich, V., Röth, O., & Linnemann, J. (2023). Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra. 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). https://doi.org/10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Reinke_Khamitsevich_Röth_Linnemann_2023, title={Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra}, DOI={10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764}, booktitle={2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Reinke, Sebastian and Khamitsevich, Vera and Röth, Oliver and Linnemann, Julia}, year={2023} }' chicago: Reinke, Sebastian, Vera Khamitsevich, Oliver Röth, and Julia Linnemann. “Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra.” In 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764. ieee: 'S. Reinke, V. Khamitsevich, O. Röth, and J. Linnemann, “Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra,” 2023, doi: 10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764.' mla: Reinke, Sebastian, et al. “Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra.” 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), IEEE, 2023, doi:10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764. short: 'S. Reinke, V. Khamitsevich, O. Röth, J. Linnemann, in: 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), IEEE, 2023.' date_created: 2025-12-03T15:58:28Z date_updated: 2026-01-19T15:40:41Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1109/iwis61214.2023.10302764 extern: '1' keyword: - electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - supercapacitors - carbon language: - iso: eng publication: 2023 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS) publication_status: published publisher: IEEE quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Assessment of the Physicochemical Meaning of the Ohmic Series Resistance Observed for High Frequencies in Electrochemical Impedance Spectra type: conference user_id: '116779' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '62810' abstract: - lang: eng text: Cobalt iron containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and spinels are promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Towards development of better performing catalysts, the precise tuning of mesostructural features such as pore size is desirable, but often hard to achieve. Herein, a computer‐controlled microemulsion‐assisted co‐precipitation (MACP) method at constant pH is established and compared to conventional co‐precipitation. With MACP, the particle growth is limited and through variation of the constant pH during synthesis the pore size of the as‐prepared catalysts is controlled, generating materials for the systematic investigation of confinement effects during OER. At a threshold pore size, overpotential increased significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated a change in OER mechanism, involving the oxygen release step. It is assumed that in smaller pores the critical radius for gas bubble formation is not met and therefore a smaller charge‐transfer resistance is observed for medium frequencies. article_number: e202202015 article_type: original author: - first_name: Anna full_name: Rabe, Anna last_name: Rabe - first_name: Maximilian full_name: Jaugstetter, Maximilian last_name: Jaugstetter - first_name: Felix full_name: Hiege, Felix last_name: Hiege - first_name: Nicolas full_name: Cosanne, Nicolas last_name: Cosanne - first_name: Klaus Friedel full_name: Ortega, Klaus Friedel last_name: Ortega - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik - first_name: Malte full_name: Behrens, Malte last_name: Behrens citation: ama: Rabe A, Jaugstetter M, Hiege F, et al. Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation. ChemSusChem. 2023;16(10). doi:10.1002/cssc.202202015 apa: Rabe, A., Jaugstetter, M., Hiege, F., Cosanne, N., Ortega, K. F., Linnemann, J., Tschulik, K., & Behrens, M. (2023). Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation. ChemSusChem, 16(10), Article e202202015. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202202015 bibtex: '@article{Rabe_Jaugstetter_Hiege_Cosanne_Ortega_Linnemann_Tschulik_Behrens_2023, title={Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1002/cssc.202202015}, number={10e202202015}, journal={ChemSusChem}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rabe, Anna and Jaugstetter, Maximilian and Hiege, Felix and Cosanne, Nicolas and Ortega, Klaus Friedel and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina and Behrens, Malte}, year={2023} }' chicago: Rabe, Anna, Maximilian Jaugstetter, Felix Hiege, Nicolas Cosanne, Klaus Friedel Ortega, Julia Linnemann, Kristina Tschulik, and Malte Behrens. “Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted PH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation.” ChemSusChem 16, no. 10 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202202015. ieee: 'A. Rabe et al., “Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation,” ChemSusChem, vol. 16, no. 10, Art. no. e202202015, 2023, doi: 10.1002/cssc.202202015.' mla: Rabe, Anna, et al. “Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted PH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation.” ChemSusChem, vol. 16, no. 10, e202202015, Wiley, 2023, doi:10.1002/cssc.202202015. short: A. Rabe, M. Jaugstetter, F. Hiege, N. Cosanne, K.F. Ortega, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, M. Behrens, ChemSusChem 16 (2023). date_created: 2025-12-03T15:51:54Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:28:26Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1002/cssc.202202015 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 16' issue: '10' keyword: - electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - cobalt spinel - cobalt hydroxide - LDH language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' publication: ChemSusChem publication_identifier: issn: - 1864-5631 - 1864-564X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 16 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '62801' abstract: - lang: eng text: The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of individual atoms on the surface of catalyst nanoparticles plays a vital role in their activity and stability. Optimising the performance of electrocatalysts requires atomic-scale information, but it is difficult to obtain. Here, we use atom probe tomography to elucidate the 3D structure of 10 nm sized Co2FeO4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We reveal nanoscale spinodal decomposition in pristine Co2FeO4. The interfaces of Co-rich and Fe-rich nanodomains of Co2FeO4 become trapping sites for hydroxyl groups, contributing to a higher OER activity compared to that of CoFe2O4. However, the activity of Co2FeO4 drops considerably due to concurrent irreversible transformation towards CoIVO2 and pronounced Fe dissolution. In contrast, there is negligible elemental redistribution for CoFe2O4 after OER, except for surface structural transformation towards (FeIII, CoIII)2O3. Overall, our study provides a unique 3D compositional distribution of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxides, which gives atomic-scale insights into active sites and the deactivation of electrocatalysts during OER. article_number: '179' article_type: original author: - first_name: Weikai full_name: Xiang, Weikai last_name: Xiang - first_name: Nating full_name: Yang, Nating last_name: Yang - first_name: Xiaopeng full_name: Li, Xiaopeng last_name: Li - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Hagemann, Ulrich last_name: Hagemann - first_name: Olaf full_name: Ruediger, Olaf last_name: Ruediger - first_name: Markus full_name: Heidelmann, Markus last_name: Heidelmann - first_name: Tobias full_name: Falk, Tobias last_name: Falk - first_name: Matteo full_name: Aramini, Matteo last_name: Aramini - first_name: Serena full_name: DeBeer, Serena last_name: DeBeer - first_name: Martin full_name: Muhler, Martin last_name: Muhler - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik - first_name: Tong full_name: Li, Tong last_name: Li citation: ama: Xiang W, Yang N, Li X, et al. 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction. Nature Communications. 2022;13(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2 apa: Xiang, W., Yang, N., Li, X., Linnemann, J., Hagemann, U., Ruediger, O., Heidelmann, M., Falk, T., Aramini, M., DeBeer, S., Muhler, M., Tschulik, K., & Li, T. (2022). 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 179. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2 bibtex: '@article{Xiang_Yang_Li_Linnemann_Hagemann_Ruediger_Heidelmann_Falk_Aramini_DeBeer_et al._2022, title={3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2}, number={1179}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Xiang, Weikai and Yang, Nating and Li, Xiaopeng and Linnemann, Julia and Hagemann, Ulrich and Ruediger, Olaf and Heidelmann, Markus and Falk, Tobias and Aramini, Matteo and DeBeer, Serena and et al.}, year={2022} }' chicago: Xiang, Weikai, Nating Yang, Xiaopeng Li, Julia Linnemann, Ulrich Hagemann, Olaf Ruediger, Markus Heidelmann, et al. “3D Atomic-Scale Imaging of Mixed Co-Fe Spinel Oxide Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction.” Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2. ieee: 'W. Xiang et al., “3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction,” Nature Communications, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 179, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2.' mla: Xiang, Weikai, et al. “3D Atomic-Scale Imaging of Mixed Co-Fe Spinel Oxide Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction.” Nature Communications, vol. 13, no. 1, 179, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2. short: W. Xiang, N. Yang, X. Li, J. Linnemann, U. Hagemann, O. Ruediger, M. Heidelmann, T. Falk, M. Aramini, S. DeBeer, M. Muhler, K. Tschulik, T. Li, Nature Communications 13 (2022). date_created: 2025-12-03T15:22:16Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:30:12Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '1' keyword: - electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - cobalt spinel - electrochemical impedance spectroscopy language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27788-2 oa: '1' publication: Nature Communications publication_identifier: issn: - 2041-1723 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 13 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '62813' abstract: - lang: eng text: Nanostructured manganese oxides have a rich variety of morphologies and crystal phases which can undergo transformations during synthesis and application. Although these structural features are crucial for their performance, the mechanisms behind such transitions are not well understood. Herein, we describe the mechanism of transformation from layered 2D δ-MnO2 nanosheets to the scarcely reported γ-MnO2 nanocone morphology. Despite the common purpose of introducing Fe dopants to enhance the conductivity of layered manganese oxides, the Fe galvanic exchange reaction was found responsible for such coupled phase/morphology transition. Electrochemical characterization confirmed a distinct electrochemical behaviour of the nanocones, emphasizing the need to unravel the mechanism of 2D MnO2 transformation. Such mechanistic insights were gained by systematic and rigorous electron microscopy studies. The effect of the local chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy while electron energy loss spectroscopy unravelled the key influence of the oxidation state of Mn ions within nanosheets and nanocones. We propose and demonstrate a Mn2+-mediated oxidative mechanism of coupled morphology/phase transformation subjected to the equilibrium of Fe and Mn ions during galvanic exchange reaction. These findings contribute to the understanding of the growth and morphology/phase transformations of manganese oxide nanostructures, providing insights for the rational design of nanomaterials. article_type: original author: - first_name: Raquel full_name: Aymerich-Armengol, Raquel last_name: Aymerich-Armengol - first_name: Paolo full_name: Cignoni, Paolo last_name: Cignoni - first_name: Petra full_name: Ebbinghaus, Petra last_name: Ebbinghaus - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Martin full_name: Rabe, Martin last_name: Rabe - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik - first_name: Christina full_name: Scheu, Christina last_name: Scheu - first_name: Joohyun full_name: Lim, Joohyun last_name: Lim citation: ama: Aymerich-Armengol R, Cignoni P, Ebbinghaus P, et al. Mechanism of coupled phase/morphology transformation of 2D manganese oxides through Fe galvanic exchange reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2022;10(45):24190-24198. doi:10.1039/d2ta06552e apa: Aymerich-Armengol, R., Cignoni, P., Ebbinghaus, P., Linnemann, J., Rabe, M., Tschulik, K., Scheu, C., & Lim, J. (2022). Mechanism of coupled phase/morphology transformation of 2D manganese oxides through Fe galvanic exchange reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 10(45), 24190–24198. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta06552e bibtex: '@article{Aymerich-Armengol_Cignoni_Ebbinghaus_Linnemann_Rabe_Tschulik_Scheu_Lim_2022, title={Mechanism of coupled phase/morphology transformation of 2D manganese oxides through Fe galvanic exchange reaction}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1039/d2ta06552e}, number={45}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Aymerich-Armengol, Raquel and Cignoni, Paolo and Ebbinghaus, Petra and Linnemann, Julia and Rabe, Martin and Tschulik, Kristina and Scheu, Christina and Lim, Joohyun}, year={2022}, pages={24190–24198} }' chicago: 'Aymerich-Armengol, Raquel, Paolo Cignoni, Petra Ebbinghaus, Julia Linnemann, Martin Rabe, Kristina Tschulik, Christina Scheu, and Joohyun Lim. “Mechanism of Coupled Phase/Morphology Transformation of 2D Manganese Oxides through Fe Galvanic Exchange Reaction.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 45 (2022): 24190–98. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta06552e.' ieee: 'R. Aymerich-Armengol et al., “Mechanism of coupled phase/morphology transformation of 2D manganese oxides through Fe galvanic exchange reaction,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 10, no. 45, pp. 24190–24198, 2022, doi: 10.1039/d2ta06552e.' mla: Aymerich-Armengol, Raquel, et al. “Mechanism of Coupled Phase/Morphology Transformation of 2D Manganese Oxides through Fe Galvanic Exchange Reaction.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 10, no. 45, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2022, pp. 24190–98, doi:10.1039/d2ta06552e. short: R. Aymerich-Armengol, P. Cignoni, P. Ebbinghaus, J. Linnemann, M. Rabe, K. Tschulik, C. Scheu, J. Lim, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10 (2022) 24190–24198. date_created: 2025-12-03T16:02:15Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:30:43Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1039/d2ta06552e extern: '1' intvolume: ' 10' issue: '45' keyword: - manganese oxide - nanomaterials - TEM - supercapacitors language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' page: 24190-24198 publication: Journal of Materials Chemistry A publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-7488 - 2050-7496 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Mechanism of coupled phase/morphology transformation of 2D manganese oxides through Fe galvanic exchange reaction type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 10 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '62803' abstract: - lang: eng text: The aim to produce highly active, selective, and long-lived electrocatalysts by design drives major research efforts toward gaining fundamental understanding of the relationship between material properties and their catalytic performance. Surface characterization tools enable to assess atomic scale information on the complexity of electrocatalyst materials. Advancing electrochemical methodologies to adequately characterize such systems was less of a research focus point. In this Review, we shed light on the ability to gain fundamental insights into electrocatalysis from a complementary perspective and establish corresponding design strategies. These may rely on adopting the perceptions and models of other subareas of electrochemistry, such as corrosion, battery research, or electrodeposition. Concepts on how to account for and improve mass transport, manage gas bubble release, or exploit magnetic fields are highlighted in this respect. Particular attention is paid to deriving design strategies for nanoelectrocatalysts, which is often impeded, as structural and physical material properties are buried in electrochemical data of whole electrodes or even devices. Thus, a second major approach focuses on overcoming this difference in the considered level of complexity by methods of single-entity electrochemistry. The gained understanding of intrinsic catalyst performance may allow to rationally advance design concepts with increased complexity, such as three-dimensional electrode architectures. Many materials undergo structural changes upon formation of the working catalyst. Accordingly, developing “precatalysts” with low hindrance of the electrochemical transformation to the active catalyst is suggested as a final design strategy. article_type: review author: - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Kannasoot full_name: Kanokkanchana, Kannasoot last_name: Kanokkanchana - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik citation: ama: Linnemann J, Kanokkanchana K, Tschulik K. Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective. ACS Catalysis. 2021;11(9):5318-5346. doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c04118 apa: Linnemann, J., Kanokkanchana, K., & Tschulik, K. (2021). Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective. ACS Catalysis, 11(9), 5318–5346. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118 bibtex: '@article{Linnemann_Kanokkanchana_Tschulik_2021, title={Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1021/acscatal.0c04118}, number={9}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Linnemann, Julia and Kanokkanchana, Kannasoot and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2021}, pages={5318–5346} }' chicago: 'Linnemann, Julia, Kannasoot Kanokkanchana, and Kristina Tschulik. “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective.” ACS Catalysis 11, no. 9 (2021): 5318–46. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118.' ieee: 'J. Linnemann, K. Kanokkanchana, and K. Tschulik, “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective,” ACS Catalysis, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 5318–5346, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04118.' mla: Linnemann, Julia, et al. “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective.” ACS Catalysis, vol. 11, no. 9, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021, pp. 5318–46, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c04118. short: J. Linnemann, K. Kanokkanchana, K. Tschulik, ACS Catalysis 11 (2021) 5318–5346. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:31:28Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:32:18Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04118 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 11' issue: '9' keyword: - electrocatalysis language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118 oa: '1' page: 5318-5346 publication: ACS Catalysis publication_identifier: issn: - 2155-5435 - 2155-5435 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 11 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '62806' abstract: - lang: eng text: The electrical double‐layer plays a key role in important interfacial electrochemical processes from catalysis to energy storage and corrosion. Therefore, understanding its structure is crucial for the progress of sustainable technologies. We extract new physico‐chemical information on the capacitance and structure of the electrical double‐layer of platinum and gold nanoparticles at the molecular level, employing single nanoparticle electrochemistry. The charge storage ability of the solid/liquid interface is larger by one order‐of‐magnitude than predicted by the traditional mean‐field models of the double‐layer such as the Gouy–Chapman–Stern model. Performing molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the possible relationship between the measured high capacitance and adsorption strength of the water adlayer formed at the metal surface. These insights may launch the active tuning of solid–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions as an innovative design strategy to transform energy technologies towards superior performance and sustainability. article_number: e202112679 article_type: original author: - first_name: Mahnaz full_name: Azimzadeh Sani, Mahnaz last_name: Azimzadeh Sani - first_name: Nicholas G. full_name: Pavlopoulos, Nicholas G. last_name: Pavlopoulos - first_name: Simone full_name: Pezzotti, Simone last_name: Pezzotti - first_name: Alessandra full_name: Serva, Alessandra last_name: Serva - first_name: Paolo full_name: Cignoni, Paolo last_name: Cignoni - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Mathieu full_name: Salanne, Mathieu last_name: Salanne - first_name: Marie‐Pierre full_name: Gaigeot, Marie‐Pierre last_name: Gaigeot - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik citation: ama: 'Azimzadeh Sani M, Pavlopoulos NG, Pezzotti S, et al. Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2021;61(5). doi:10.1002/anie.202112679' apa: 'Azimzadeh Sani, M., Pavlopoulos, N. G., Pezzotti, S., Serva, A., Cignoni, P., Linnemann, J., Salanne, M., Gaigeot, M., & Tschulik, K. (2021). Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 61(5), Article e202112679. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112679' bibtex: '@article{Azimzadeh Sani_Pavlopoulos_Pezzotti_Serva_Cignoni_Linnemann_Salanne_Gaigeot_Tschulik_2021, title={Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer}, volume={61}, DOI={10.1002/anie.202112679}, number={5e202112679}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Azimzadeh Sani, Mahnaz and Pavlopoulos, Nicholas G. and Pezzotti, Simone and Serva, Alessandra and Cignoni, Paolo and Linnemann, Julia and Salanne, Mathieu and Gaigeot, Marie‐Pierre and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2021} }' chicago: 'Azimzadeh Sani, Mahnaz, Nicholas G. Pavlopoulos, Simone Pezzotti, Alessandra Serva, Paolo Cignoni, Julia Linnemann, Mathieu Salanne, Marie‐Pierre Gaigeot, and Kristina Tschulik. “Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, no. 5 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112679.' ieee: 'M. Azimzadeh Sani et al., “Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 61, no. 5, Art. no. e202112679, 2021, doi: 10.1002/anie.202112679.' mla: 'Azimzadeh Sani, Mahnaz, et al. “Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 61, no. 5, e202112679, Wiley, 2021, doi:10.1002/anie.202112679.' short: M. Azimzadeh Sani, N.G. Pavlopoulos, S. Pezzotti, A. Serva, P. Cignoni, J. Linnemann, M. Salanne, M. Gaigeot, K. Tschulik, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61 (2021). date_created: 2025-12-03T15:39:25Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:31:54Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1002/anie.202112679 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 61' issue: '5' keyword: - single-entity electrochemistry - electrical double layer - supercapacitor - nanoparticles language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' publication: Angewandte Chemie International Edition publication_identifier: issn: - 1433-7851 - 1521-3773 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer' type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 61 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '62805' abstract: - lang: eng text: Single-entity electrochemistry allows for assessing electrocatalytic activities of individual material entities such as nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, it becomes possible to consider intrinsic electrochemical properties of nanocatalysts when researching how activity relates to physical and structural material properties. Conversely, conventional electrochemical techniques provide a normalized sum current referring to a huge ensemble of NPs constituting, along with additives (e.g., binders), a complete catalyst-coated electrode. Accordingly, recording electrocatalytic responses of single NPs avoids interferences of ensemble effects and reduces the complexity of electrocatalytic processes, thus enabling detailed description and modelling. Herein, we present insights into the oxygen evolution catalysis at individual cubic Co3O4 NPs impacting microelectrodes of different support materials. Simulating diffusion at supported nanocubes, measured step current signals can be analyzed, providing edge lengths, corresponding size distributions, and interference-free turnover frequencies. The provided nano-impact investigation of (electro-)catalyst-support effects contradicts assumptions on a low number of highly active sites. article_number: '13137' article_type: original author: - first_name: Zhibin full_name: Liu, Zhibin last_name: Liu - first_name: Manuel full_name: Corva, Manuel last_name: Corva - first_name: Hatem M. A. full_name: Amin, Hatem M. A. last_name: Amin - first_name: Niclas full_name: Blanc, Niclas last_name: Blanc - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik citation: ama: 'Liu Z, Corva M, Amin HMA, Blanc N, Linnemann J, Tschulik K. Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(23). doi:10.3390/ijms222313137' apa: 'Liu, Z., Corva, M., Amin, H. M. A., Blanc, N., Linnemann, J., & Tschulik, K. (2021). Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), Article 13137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313137' bibtex: '@article{Liu_Corva_Amin_Blanc_Linnemann_Tschulik_2021, title={Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects}, volume={22}, DOI={10.3390/ijms222313137}, number={2313137}, journal={International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Liu, Zhibin and Corva, Manuel and Amin, Hatem M. A. and Blanc, Niclas and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2021} }' chicago: 'Liu, Zhibin, Manuel Corva, Hatem M. A. Amin, Niclas Blanc, Julia Linnemann, and Kristina Tschulik. “Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313137.' ieee: 'Z. Liu, M. Corva, H. M. A. Amin, N. Blanc, J. Linnemann, and K. Tschulik, “Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 23, Art. no. 13137, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijms222313137.' mla: 'Liu, Zhibin, et al. “Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 23, 13137, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:10.3390/ijms222313137.' short: Z. Liu, M. Corva, H.M.A. Amin, N. Blanc, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (2021). date_created: 2025-12-03T15:35:52Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:52:35Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.3390/ijms222313137 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 22' issue: '23' keyword: - electrocatalysis - oxygen evolution reaction - cobalt spinel - single-entity electrochemistry language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' publication: International Journal of Molecular Sciences publication_identifier: issn: - 1422-0067 publication_status: published publisher: MDPI AG quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects' type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 22 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '62802' abstract: - lang: eng text: Since the resurgence of interest in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries at the end of the 2000s, research in the field has grown rapidly. Li–S batteries hold great promise as the upcoming post-lithium-ion batteries owing to their notably high theoretical specific energy density of 2600 W h kg−1, nearly five-fold larger than that of current lithium-ion batteries. However, one of their major technical problems is found in the shuttling of soluble polysulfides between the electrodes, resulting in rapid capacity fading and poor cycling stability. This review spotlights the foremost findings and the recent progress in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries by using nanoscaled metal compounds and metals. Based on an overview of reported functional metal-based materials and their specific employment in certain parts of Li–S batteries, the underlying mechanisms of enhanced adsorption and improved reaction kinetics are critically discussed involving both experimental and computational research findings. Thus, material design principles and possible interdisciplinary research approaches providing the chance to jointly advance with related fields such as electrocatalysis are identified. Particularly, we elucidate additives, sulfur hosts, current collectors and functional interlayers/hybrid separators containing metal oxides, hydroxides and sulfides as well as metal–organic frameworks, bare metal and further metal nitrides, metal carbides and MXenes. Throughout this review article, we emphasize the close relationship between the intrinsic properties of metal-based nanostructured materials, the (electro)chemical interaction with lithium (poly)sulfides and the subsequent effect on the battery performance. Concluding the review, prospects for the future development of practical Li–S batteries with metal-based nanomaterials are discussed. article_type: review author: - first_name: Juan full_name: Balach, Juan last_name: Balach - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Tony full_name: Jaumann, Tony last_name: Jaumann - first_name: Lars full_name: Giebeler, Lars last_name: Giebeler citation: ama: Balach J, Linnemann J, Jaumann T, Giebeler L. Metal-based nanostructured materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2018;6(46):23127-23168. doi:10.1039/c8ta07220e apa: Balach, J., Linnemann, J., Jaumann, T., & Giebeler, L. (2018). Metal-based nanostructured materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6(46), 23127–23168. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07220e bibtex: '@article{Balach_Linnemann_Jaumann_Giebeler_2018, title={Metal-based nanostructured materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1039/c8ta07220e}, number={46}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Balach, Juan and Linnemann, Julia and Jaumann, Tony and Giebeler, Lars}, year={2018}, pages={23127–23168} }' chicago: 'Balach, Juan, Julia Linnemann, Tony Jaumann, and Lars Giebeler. “Metal-Based Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 46 (2018): 23127–68. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07220e.' ieee: 'J. Balach, J. Linnemann, T. Jaumann, and L. Giebeler, “Metal-based nanostructured materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 6, no. 46, pp. 23127–23168, 2018, doi: 10.1039/c8ta07220e.' mla: Balach, Juan, et al. “Metal-Based Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 6, no. 46, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2018, pp. 23127–68, doi:10.1039/c8ta07220e. short: J. Balach, J. Linnemann, T. Jaumann, L. Giebeler, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6 (2018) 23127–23168. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:28:04Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:33:10Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1039/c8ta07220e extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: '46' keyword: - lithium-sulfur battery language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2018/ta/c8ta07220e oa: '1' page: 23127-23168 publication: Journal of Materials Chemistry A publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-7488 - 2050-7496 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Metal-based nanostructured materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 6 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '62809' abstract: - lang: eng text: Superhierarchically rough films are rapidly synthesised on metal substrates via electrochemically triggered self-assembly of meso/macroporous-structured metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. These coatings are applied to immobilise a functional oil with low surface energy to provide stable coatings repellent to a wide range of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic fluids. Such omniphobic surfaces are highly interesting for several applications such as anti-fouling, anti-icing, and dropwise condensation, and become easily scalable with the presented bottom-up fabrication approach. As investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), the presented perfluorinated oil-infused Cu-BTC coating constitutes of a flat liquid-covered surface with protruding edges of octahedral superstructured MOF crystals. Water and non-polar diiodomethane droplets form considerably high contact angles and even low-surface-tension fluids, e.g. acetone, form droplets on the infused coating. The repellent properties towards the test fluids do not change upon extended water spraying in contrast to oil-infused porous copper oxide or native copper surfaces. It is discussed in detail, how the presented electrodeposited MOF films grow and provide a proficient surface morphology to stabilise the functional oil film due to hemiwicking. article_number: '15400' article_type: original author: - first_name: Jakob full_name: Sablowski, Jakob last_name: Sablowski - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Simone full_name: Hempel, Simone last_name: Hempel - first_name: Volker full_name: Hoffmann, Volker last_name: Hoffmann - first_name: Simon full_name: Unz, Simon last_name: Unz - first_name: Michael full_name: Beckmann, Michael last_name: Beckmann - first_name: Lars full_name: Giebeler, Lars last_name: Giebeler citation: ama: Sablowski J, Linnemann J, Hempel S, et al. Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4 apa: Sablowski, J., Linnemann, J., Hempel, S., Hoffmann, V., Unz, S., Beckmann, M., & Giebeler, L. (2018). Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings. Scientific Reports, 8(1), Article 15400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4 bibtex: '@article{Sablowski_Linnemann_Hempel_Hoffmann_Unz_Beckmann_Giebeler_2018, title={Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4}, number={115400}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sablowski, Jakob and Linnemann, Julia and Hempel, Simone and Hoffmann, Volker and Unz, Simon and Beckmann, Michael and Giebeler, Lars}, year={2018} }' chicago: Sablowski, Jakob, Julia Linnemann, Simone Hempel, Volker Hoffmann, Simon Unz, Michael Beckmann, and Lars Giebeler. “Electrodeposited Metal-Organic Framework Films as Self-Assembled Hierarchically Superstructured Supports for Stable Omniphobic Surface Coatings.” Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4. ieee: 'J. Sablowski et al., “Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings,” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, Art. no. 15400, 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4.' mla: Sablowski, Jakob, et al. “Electrodeposited Metal-Organic Framework Films as Self-Assembled Hierarchically Superstructured Supports for Stable Omniphobic Surface Coatings.” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, 15400, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4. short: J. Sablowski, J. Linnemann, S. Hempel, V. Hoffmann, S. Unz, M. Beckmann, L. Giebeler, Scientific Reports 8 (2018). date_created: 2025-12-03T15:48:43Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:34:02Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 8' issue: '1' keyword: - electrodeposition - metal-organic framework - MOF - drop-wise condensation - omniphobic coatings language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' publication: Scientific Reports publication_identifier: issn: - 2045-2322 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 8 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '62807' abstract: - lang: eng text: The thermolysis of electrodeposited metal–organic framework (MOF) films represents a novel approach to build supercapacitor electrodes of already electrically contacted MOF-derived high-performance metal oxide/carbon materials which are also highly interesting for other applications. MOFs are widely utilised as precursors to synthesise functional materials by thermal decomposition (pyrolysis, carbonisation). Using electrochemically coated MOF precursor films instead of powder greatly simplifies the processing of such materials and potentially enhances the resulting active materials' performance. In the case of electrochemical energy storage electrodes, the coated substrate later functions as current collector which is well-attached to the active material without the need for any additives. This close connection decreases electron transfer resistances and saves multiple steps of powder formulation and coating. Films of a metal–organic framework based on 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylate (BTC) and cobalt(II) cations were electrochemically coated on cobalt foils which act as the Co2+ cation source. Manganese films were electrodeposited and subsequently partly redissolved in a linker-containing electrolyte to achieve Mn/Mn–BTC bilayered films on stainless steel. This procedure extends the method for any kind of current collector material. The films were thermolysed to gain nanostructured metal oxide spinel (Me3O4)/carbon hybrid electrodes. Investigations of the electrochemical properties in regard to supercapacitor applications show that Co3O4/C films exhibit pseudocapacitance and that Mn3O4/C films are suitable for redox electrodes with high-rate capability operating in a wide potential range in aqueous electrolytes. Co–BTC powder was also thermally treated yielding cobalt particles embedded in a graphitic carbon matrix. The pseudocapacitive properties of conventionally coated films of this powder material are limited. article_type: original author: - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Laura full_name: Taudien, Laura last_name: Taudien - first_name: Markus full_name: Klose, Markus last_name: Klose - first_name: Lars full_name: Giebeler, Lars last_name: Giebeler citation: ama: 'Linnemann J, Taudien L, Klose M, Giebeler L. Electrodeposited films to MOF-derived electrochemical energy storage electrodes: a concept of simplified additive-free electrode processing for self-standing, ready-to-use materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2017;5(35):18420-18428. doi:10.1039/c7ta01874f' apa: 'Linnemann, J., Taudien, L., Klose, M., & Giebeler, L. (2017). Electrodeposited films to MOF-derived electrochemical energy storage electrodes: a concept of simplified additive-free electrode processing for self-standing, ready-to-use materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5(35), 18420–18428. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01874f' bibtex: '@article{Linnemann_Taudien_Klose_Giebeler_2017, title={Electrodeposited films to MOF-derived electrochemical energy storage electrodes: a concept of simplified additive-free electrode processing for self-standing, ready-to-use materials}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1039/c7ta01874f}, number={35}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Linnemann, Julia and Taudien, Laura and Klose, Markus and Giebeler, Lars}, year={2017}, pages={18420–18428} }' chicago: 'Linnemann, Julia, Laura Taudien, Markus Klose, and Lars Giebeler. “Electrodeposited Films to MOF-Derived Electrochemical Energy Storage Electrodes: A Concept of Simplified Additive-Free Electrode Processing for Self-Standing, Ready-to-Use Materials.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 35 (2017): 18420–28. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01874f.' ieee: 'J. Linnemann, L. Taudien, M. Klose, and L. Giebeler, “Electrodeposited films to MOF-derived electrochemical energy storage electrodes: a concept of simplified additive-free electrode processing for self-standing, ready-to-use materials,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 5, no. 35, pp. 18420–18428, 2017, doi: 10.1039/c7ta01874f.' mla: 'Linnemann, Julia, et al. “Electrodeposited Films to MOF-Derived Electrochemical Energy Storage Electrodes: A Concept of Simplified Additive-Free Electrode Processing for Self-Standing, Ready-to-Use Materials.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 5, no. 35, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2017, pp. 18420–28, doi:10.1039/c7ta01874f.' short: J. Linnemann, L. Taudien, M. Klose, L. Giebeler, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5 (2017) 18420–18428. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:43:52Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:34:29Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1039/c7ta01874f extern: '1' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '35' keyword: - electrodeposition - metal-organic framework - MOF - supercapacitors language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' oa: '1' page: 18420-18428 publication: Journal of Materials Chemistry A publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-7488 - 2050-7496 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Electrodeposited films to MOF-derived electrochemical energy storage electrodes: a concept of simplified additive-free electrode processing for self-standing, ready-to-use materials' type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 5 year: '2017' ... --- _id: '62804' abstract: - lang: eng text: We report on the facile synthesis of porous carbons based on a biopolymer lignin employing a two-step process which includes the activation by KOH in various amounts under an inert gas atmosphere. The resulting carbons are characterized with regard to their structural properties and their electrochemical performance as an active material in double-layer capacitors using for the first time an ionic liquid (EMIBF4) as the electrolyte for this type of carbon material to enhance storage ability. A capacitance of more than 200 F g–1 at 10 A g–1 is achieved for a carbon with a specific surface area of more than 1800 m2 g–1. One of the most crucial factors determining the electrochemical response of the active materials was found to be the strong surface functionalization by oxygen-containing groups. Furthermore, the sulfur content of the carbon precursor lignin does not result in a significant amount of sulfur-containing surface functionalities which might interact with the electrolyte. article_type: original author: - first_name: Markus full_name: Klose, Markus last_name: Klose - first_name: Romy full_name: Reinhold, Romy last_name: Reinhold - first_name: Florian full_name: Logsch, Florian last_name: Logsch - first_name: Florian full_name: Wolke, Florian last_name: Wolke - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Ulrich full_name: Stoeck, Ulrich last_name: Stoeck - first_name: Steffen full_name: Oswald, Steffen last_name: Oswald - first_name: Martin full_name: Uhlemann, Martin last_name: Uhlemann - first_name: Juan full_name: Balach, Juan last_name: Balach - first_name: Jens full_name: Markowski, Jens last_name: Markowski - first_name: Peter full_name: Ay, Peter last_name: Ay - first_name: Lars full_name: Giebeler, Lars last_name: Giebeler citation: ama: Klose M, Reinhold R, Logsch F, et al. Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2017;5(5):4094-4102. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058 apa: Klose, M., Reinhold, R., Logsch, F., Wolke, F., Linnemann, J., Stoeck, U., Oswald, S., Uhlemann, M., Balach, J., Markowski, J., Ay, P., & Giebeler, L. (2017). Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(5), 4094–4102. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058 bibtex: '@article{Klose_Reinhold_Logsch_Wolke_Linnemann_Stoeck_Oswald_Uhlemann_Balach_Markowski_et al._2017, title={Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058}, number={5}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Klose, Markus and Reinhold, Romy and Logsch, Florian and Wolke, Florian and Linnemann, Julia and Stoeck, Ulrich and Oswald, Steffen and Uhlemann, Martin and Balach, Juan and Markowski, Jens and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={4094–4102} }' chicago: 'Klose, Markus, Romy Reinhold, Florian Logsch, Florian Wolke, Julia Linnemann, Ulrich Stoeck, Steffen Oswald, et al. “Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 5 (2017): 4094–4102. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058.' ieee: 'M. Klose et al., “Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 4094–4102, 2017, doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058.' mla: Klose, Markus, et al. “Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 5, no. 5, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017, pp. 4094–102, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058. short: M. Klose, R. Reinhold, F. Logsch, F. Wolke, J. Linnemann, U. Stoeck, S. Oswald, M. Uhlemann, J. Balach, J. Markowski, P. Ay, L. Giebeler, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 5 (2017) 4094–4102. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:33:13Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:36:06Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00058 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '5' keyword: - supercapacitor - carbon - pyrolysis - lignin language: - iso: eng page: 4094-4102 publication: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering publication_identifier: issn: - 2168-0485 - 2168-0485 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Softwood Lignin as a Sustainable Feedstock for Porous Carbons as Active Material for Supercapacitors Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 5 year: '2017' ... --- _id: '62811' abstract: - lang: eng text: The photo-conversion efficiency and stability of back-illuminated dye sensitised solar cells with titanium foil based photoanodes are enhanced by a simple nitric acid treatment through which the foil is passivated. This treatment changes the morphology of the titanium foil and increases its electrochemical double layer capacitance. article_type: original author: - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: J. full_name: Giorgio, J. last_name: Giorgio - first_name: K. full_name: Wagner, K. last_name: Wagner - first_name: G. full_name: Mathieson, G. last_name: Mathieson - first_name: G. G. full_name: Wallace, G. G. last_name: Wallace - first_name: D. L. full_name: Officer, D. L. last_name: Officer citation: ama: Linnemann J, Giorgio J, Wagner K, Mathieson G, Wallace GG, Officer DL. A simple one step process for enhancement of titanium foil dye sensitised solar cell anodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2015;3(7):3266-3270. doi:10.1039/c4ta05407e apa: Linnemann, J., Giorgio, J., Wagner, K., Mathieson, G., Wallace, G. G., & Officer, D. L. (2015). A simple one step process for enhancement of titanium foil dye sensitised solar cell anodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(7), 3266–3270. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05407e bibtex: '@article{Linnemann_Giorgio_Wagner_Mathieson_Wallace_Officer_2015, title={A simple one step process for enhancement of titanium foil dye sensitised solar cell anodes}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1039/c4ta05407e}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Linnemann, Julia and Giorgio, J. and Wagner, K. and Mathieson, G. and Wallace, G. G. and Officer, D. L.}, year={2015}, pages={3266–3270} }' chicago: 'Linnemann, Julia, J. Giorgio, K. Wagner, G. Mathieson, G. G. Wallace, and D. L. Officer. “A Simple One Step Process for Enhancement of Titanium Foil Dye Sensitised Solar Cell Anodes.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 7 (2015): 3266–70. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05407e.' ieee: 'J. Linnemann, J. Giorgio, K. Wagner, G. Mathieson, G. G. Wallace, and D. L. Officer, “A simple one step process for enhancement of titanium foil dye sensitised solar cell anodes,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 3266–3270, 2015, doi: 10.1039/c4ta05407e.' mla: Linnemann, Julia, et al. “A Simple One Step Process for Enhancement of Titanium Foil Dye Sensitised Solar Cell Anodes.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 7, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2015, pp. 3266–70, doi:10.1039/c4ta05407e. short: J. Linnemann, J. Giorgio, K. Wagner, G. Mathieson, G.G. Wallace, D.L. Officer, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3 (2015) 3266–3270. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:55:21Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:34:56Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1039/c4ta05407e extern: '1' intvolume: ' 3' issue: '7' keyword: - dye sensitized solar cells - DSSCs language: - iso: eng page: 3266-3270 publication: Journal of Materials Chemistry A publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-7488 - 2050-7496 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: A simple one step process for enhancement of titanium foil dye sensitised solar cell anodes type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 3 year: '2015' ... --- _id: '62808' abstract: - lang: eng text: Conventional alkaline solutions used for capacitive performance of electrodeposited cobalt hydroxides have a number of disadvantages as they are corrosive, environmentally unfriendly and provide a small working potential range. In this study, the capacitive properties of electrodeposited cobalt hydroxide/oxide were investigated in 1 M Na2SO4 solution with pH 5.5 by means of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging/discharging experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The capacitance of the cobalt hydroxide/oxide was demonstrated to have high values of 141 F g−1 at scan rate 8 mV s−1 in this 1 M Na2SO4 solution. The anodic potential range is extended by 0.8–1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A good cyclic stability and reversibility were observed. article_type: original author: - first_name: Fedor S. full_name: Fedorov, Fedor S. last_name: Fedorov - first_name: Julia full_name: Linnemann, Julia id: '116779' last_name: Linnemann orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424 - first_name: Kristina full_name: Tschulik, Kristina last_name: Tschulik - first_name: Lars full_name: Giebeler, Lars last_name: Giebeler - first_name: Margitta full_name: Uhlemann, Margitta last_name: Uhlemann - first_name: Annett full_name: Gebert, Annett last_name: Gebert citation: ama: Fedorov FS, Linnemann J, Tschulik K, Giebeler L, Uhlemann M, Gebert A. Capacitance performance of cobalt hydroxide-based capacitors with utilization of near-neutral electrolytes. Electrochimica Acta. 2012;90:166-170. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123 apa: Fedorov, F. S., Linnemann, J., Tschulik, K., Giebeler, L., Uhlemann, M., & Gebert, A. (2012). Capacitance performance of cobalt hydroxide-based capacitors with utilization of near-neutral electrolytes. Electrochimica Acta, 90, 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123 bibtex: '@article{Fedorov_Linnemann_Tschulik_Giebeler_Uhlemann_Gebert_2012, title={Capacitance performance of cobalt hydroxide-based capacitors with utilization of near-neutral electrolytes}, volume={90}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123}, journal={Electrochimica Acta}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fedorov, Fedor S. and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina and Giebeler, Lars and Uhlemann, Margitta and Gebert, Annett}, year={2012}, pages={166–170} }' chicago: 'Fedorov, Fedor S., Julia Linnemann, Kristina Tschulik, Lars Giebeler, Margitta Uhlemann, and Annett Gebert. “Capacitance Performance of Cobalt Hydroxide-Based Capacitors with Utilization of near-Neutral Electrolytes.” Electrochimica Acta 90 (2012): 166–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123.' ieee: 'F. S. Fedorov, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, L. Giebeler, M. Uhlemann, and A. Gebert, “Capacitance performance of cobalt hydroxide-based capacitors with utilization of near-neutral electrolytes,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 90, pp. 166–170, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123.' mla: Fedorov, Fedor S., et al. “Capacitance Performance of Cobalt Hydroxide-Based Capacitors with Utilization of near-Neutral Electrolytes.” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 90, Elsevier BV, 2012, pp. 166–70, doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123. short: F.S. Fedorov, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, L. Giebeler, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, Electrochimica Acta 90 (2012) 166–170. date_created: 2025-12-03T15:47:09Z date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:35:20Z department: - _id: '985' doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.123 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 90' keyword: - electrodeposition - cobalt hydroxide - supercapacitors language: - iso: eng page: 166-170 publication: Electrochimica Acta publication_identifier: issn: - 0013-4686 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Capacitance performance of cobalt hydroxide-based capacitors with utilization of near-neutral electrolytes type: journal_article user_id: '116779' volume: 90 year: '2012' ...