[{"publication":"Welding Journal","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>During resistance spot welding of zinc-coated advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) for automotive production, liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking may occur in the event of a combination of various unfavorable influences. In this study, the interactions of different welding current levels and weld times on the tendency for LME cracking in third-generation AHSSs were investigated. LME manifested itself as high-penetration cracks around the circumference of the spot welds for welding currents closely below the expulsion limit. At the same time, the observed tendency for LME cracking showed no direct correlation with the overall heat input of the investigated welding processes. To identify a reliable indicator of the tendency for LME cracking, the local strain rate at the origin of the observed cracks was analyzed over the course of the welding process via finite element simulation. While the local strain rate showed a good correlation with the process-specific LME cracking tendency, it was difficult to interpret due to its discontinuous course. Therefore, based on the experimental measurement of electrode displacement during welding, electrode indentation velocity was proposed as a descriptive indicator for quantifying cracking tendency.</jats:p>"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Metals and Alloys","Mechanical Engineering","Mechanics of Materials"],"issue":"7","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2022","date_created":"2024-03-18T11:56:12Z","publisher":"American Welding Society","title":"The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW","type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"60398","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"_id":"52613","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0043-2296","2689-0445"]},"citation":{"ama":"Böhne C, Meschut G, BIEGLER M, RETHMEIER M. The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW. <i>Welding Journal</i>. 2022;101(7):197-207. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015\">10.29391/2022.101.015</a>","ieee":"C. Böhne, G. Meschut, M. BIEGLER, and M. RETHMEIER, “The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW,” <i>Welding Journal</i>, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 197–207, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015\">10.29391/2022.101.015</a>.","chicago":"Böhne, Christoph, Gerson Meschut, MAX BIEGLER, and MICHAEL RETHMEIER. “The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW.” <i>Welding Journal</i> 101, no. 7 (2022): 197–207. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015\">https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015</a>.","short":"C. Böhne, G. Meschut, M. BIEGLER, M. RETHMEIER, Welding Journal 101 (2022) 197–207.","mla":"Böhne, Christoph, et al. “The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW.” <i>Welding Journal</i>, vol. 101, no. 7, American Welding Society, 2022, pp. 197–207, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015\">10.29391/2022.101.015</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Böhne_Meschut_BIEGLER_RETHMEIER_2022, title={The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW}, volume={101}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.29391/2022.101.015\">10.29391/2022.101.015</a>}, number={7}, journal={Welding Journal}, publisher={American Welding Society}, author={Böhne, Christoph and Meschut, Gerson and BIEGLER, MAX and RETHMEIER, MICHAEL}, year={2022}, pages={197–207} }","apa":"Böhne, C., Meschut, G., BIEGLER, M., &#38; RETHMEIER, M. (2022). 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Reduction of flange widths in resistance spot welding by application of eccentric electrode cap geometries. <i>Welding and Cutting</i>, <i>3</i>, 208–212. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.53192/WAC202203208 \">https://doi.org/10.53192/WAC202203208 </a>","ama":"Böhne C, Meschut G. Reduction of flange widths in resistance spot welding by application of eccentric electrode cap geometries. <i>Welding and Cutting</i>. 2022;3:208-212. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.53192/WAC202203208 \">10.53192/WAC202203208 </a>","ieee":"C. Böhne and G. 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In this study, the interactions of different welding current levels and weld times on the tendency for LME cracking in third-generation AHSSs were investigated. LME manifested itself as high-penetration cracks around the circumference of the spot welds for welding currents closely below the expulsion limit. At the same time, the observed tendency for LME cracking showed no direct correlation with the overall heat input of the investigated welding processes. To identify a reliable indicator of the tendency for LME cracking, the local strain rate at the origin of the observed cracks was analyzed over the course of the welding process via finite element simulation. While the local strain rate showed a good correlation with the process-specific LME cracking tendency, it was difficult to interpret due to its discontinuous course. Therefore, based on the experimental measurement of electrode displacement during welding, electrode indentation velocity was proposed as a descriptive indicator for quantifying cracking tendency.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Metals and Alloys","Mechanical Engineering","Mechanics of Materials"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","issue":"7","year":"2022","publisher":"American Welding Society","date_created":"2024-03-18T11:51:57Z","title":"The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW","popular_science":"1","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"52612","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"user_id":"60398","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0043-2296","2689-0445"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       101","page":"197-207","citation":{"ama":"Böhne C, Meschut G, BIEGLER M, RETHMEIER M. 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Resistance spot welding simulation can determine the critical stress- and strain-conditions leading to liquid metal embrittlement formation. In <i>Joining in Car Body Engineering</i>. Bad Nauheim.","mla":"Biegler, Max, et al. “Resistance Spot Welding Simulation Can Determine the Critical Stress- and Strain-Conditions Leading to Liquid Metal Embrittlement Formation.” <i>Joining in Car Body Engineering</i>, 2020.","short":"M. Biegler, M. Rethmeier, C. Böhne, G. Meschut, in: Joining in Car Body Engineering, Bad Nauheim, 2020.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Biegler_Rethmeier_Böhne_Meschut_2020, place={Bad Nauheim}, title={Resistance spot welding simulation can determine the critical stress- and strain-conditions leading to liquid metal embrittlement formation}, booktitle={Joining in Car Body Engineering}, author={Biegler, Max and Rethmeier, Michael and Böhne, Christoph and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2020} }","ieee":"M. Biegler, M. Rethmeier, C. Böhne, and G. Meschut, “Resistance spot welding simulation can determine the critical stress- and strain-conditions leading to liquid metal embrittlement formation,” in <i>Joining in Car Body Engineering</i>, 2020.","chicago":"Biegler, Max, Michael Rethmeier, Christoph Böhne, and Gerson Meschut. “Resistance Spot Welding Simulation Can Determine the Critical Stress- and Strain-Conditions Leading to Liquid Metal Embrittlement Formation.” In <i>Joining in Car Body Engineering</i>. Bad Nauheim, 2020.","ama":"Biegler M, Rethmeier M, Böhne C, Meschut G. Resistance spot welding simulation can determine the critical stress- and strain-conditions leading to liquid metal embrittlement formation. In: <i>Joining in Car Body Engineering</i>. Bad Nauheim; 2020."},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:54:25Z","date_created":"2020-11-03T13:59:29Z","author":[{"full_name":"Biegler, Max","last_name":"Biegler","first_name":"Max"},{"last_name":"Rethmeier","full_name":"Rethmeier, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"id":"22483","full_name":"Böhne, Christoph","last_name":"Böhne","first_name":"Christoph"},{"last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","first_name":"Gerson"}],"title":"Resistance spot welding simulation can determine the critical stress- and strain-conditions leading to liquid metal embrittlement formation"},{"volume":25,"date_created":"2020-11-03T13:34:02Z","author":[{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Böhne","full_name":"Böhne, Christoph","id":"22483"},{"first_name":"Gerson","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056"},{"full_name":"Biegler, Max","last_name":"Biegler","first_name":"Max"},{"full_name":"Frei, Julian","last_name":"Frei","first_name":"Julian"},{"full_name":"Rethmeier, Michael","last_name":"Rethmeier","first_name":"Michael"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:54:25Z","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731","title":"Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry","issue":"4","page":"303-310","intvolume":"        25","citation":{"ieee":"C. Böhne, G. Meschut, M. Biegler, J. Frei, and M. Rethmeier, “Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry,” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 303–310, 2019.","chicago":"Böhne, Christoph, Gerson Meschut, Max Biegler, Julian Frei, and Michael Rethmeier. “Prevention of Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracks in Resistance Spot Welds by Adaption of Electrode Geometry.” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i> 25, no. 4 (2019): 303–10. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731\">https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731</a>.","ama":"Böhne C, Meschut G, Biegler M, Frei J, Rethmeier M. Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>. 2019;25(4):303-310. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731</a>","apa":"Böhne, C., Meschut, G., Biegler, M., Frei, J., &#38; Rethmeier, M. (2019). Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, <i>25</i>(4), 303–310. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731\">https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731</a>","bibtex":"@article{Böhne_Meschut_Biegler_Frei_Rethmeier_2019, title={Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry}, volume={25}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731</a>}, number={4}, journal={Science and Technology of Welding and Joining}, publisher={Taylor &#38; Francis}, author={Böhne, Christoph and Meschut, Gerson and Biegler, Max and Frei, Julian and Rethmeier, Michael}, year={2019}, pages={303–310} }","mla":"Böhne, Christoph, et al. “Prevention of Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracks in Resistance Spot Welds by Adaption of Electrode Geometry.” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, vol. 25, no. 4, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2019, pp. 303–10, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1693731</a>.","short":"C. Böhne, G. Meschut, M. Biegler, J. Frei, M. Rethmeier, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 25 (2019) 303–310."},"year":"2019","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"user_id":"22483","_id":"20270","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"year":"2019","citation":{"apa":"Julian, F., Biegler, M., Rethmeier, M., Böhne, C., &#38; Meschut, G. (2019). Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement of dual phase steel joints by electro-thermomechanical spot-welding simulation. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, <i>24</i>(7), 624–633. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203\">https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203</a>","short":"F. Julian, M. Biegler, M. Rethmeier, C. Böhne, G. Meschut, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 24 (2019) 624–633.","bibtex":"@article{Julian_Biegler_Rethmeier_Böhne_Meschut_2019, title={Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement of dual phase steel joints by electro-thermomechanical spot-welding simulation}, volume={24}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203</a>}, number={7}, journal={Science and Technology of Welding and Joining}, publisher={Taylor &#38; Francis}, author={Julian, Frei and Biegler, Max and Rethmeier, Michael and Böhne, Christoph and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2019}, pages={624–633} }","mla":"Julian, Frei, et al. “Investigation of Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Dual Phase Steel Joints by Electro-Thermomechanical Spot-Welding Simulation.” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, vol. 24, no. 7, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2019, pp. 624–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203</a>.","ieee":"F. Julian, M. Biegler, M. Rethmeier, C. Böhne, and G. Meschut, “Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement of dual phase steel joints by electro-thermomechanical spot-welding simulation,” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 624–633, 2019.","chicago":"Julian, Frei, Max Biegler, Michael Rethmeier, Christoph Böhne, and Gerson Meschut. “Investigation of Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Dual Phase Steel Joints by Electro-Thermomechanical Spot-Welding Simulation.” <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i> 24, no. 7 (2019): 624–33. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203\">https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203</a>.","ama":"Julian F, Biegler M, Rethmeier M, Böhne C, Meschut G. Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement of dual phase steel joints by electro-thermomechanical spot-welding simulation. <i>Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</i>. 2019;24(7):624-633. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203\">10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203</a>"},"intvolume":"        24","page":"624-633","issue":"7","title":"Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement of dual phase steel joints by electro-thermomechanical spot-welding simulation","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1582203","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:54:25Z","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","date_created":"2020-11-03T13:49:06Z","author":[{"first_name":"Frei","last_name":"Julian","full_name":"Julian, Frei"},{"last_name":"Biegler","full_name":"Biegler, Max","first_name":"Max"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Rethmeier","full_name":"Rethmeier, Michael"},{"full_name":"Böhne, Christoph","id":"22483","last_name":"Böhne","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Gerson","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246"}],"volume":24,"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"20271","user_id":"22483","department":[{"_id":"157"}]}]