[{"title":"Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger","doi":"10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462","date_updated":"2022-02-21T19:25:17Z","publisher":"IEEE","date_created":"2022-02-15T09:14:56Z","author":[{"last_name":"Strothmann","full_name":"Strothmann, Benjamin","id":"22556","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291"},{"first_name":"Joachim","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66","last_name":"Böcker","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295"}],"year":"2021","citation":{"ama":"Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger. In: <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>","chicago":"Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger.” In <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>.","ieee":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger,” 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>.","apa":"Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2021). Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger. <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>","mla":"Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger.” <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>, IEEE, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>.","short":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2021.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462\">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462</a>}, booktitle={2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021} }"},"publication_status":"published","keyword":["Three-phase four-wire","OBC","Y2G","PFC","CM","EY charger","balancing circuit"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"29849","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"66","abstract":[{"text":"DC-DC converters for on-board chargers (OBC) of electrical vehicles are usually galvanically isolated allowing modular single-phase PFC front-end solutions, but require transformers which are more bulky, costly and lossy than inductors of non-isolated DC-DCs. Furthermore, for vehicle-to-grid applications, bidirectional converters with transformers are generally more complex and have a higher count on semiconductor switches than transformerless solutions. However, when using non-isolated DC-DC converters within an OBC, the large common-mode (CM) capacitance comprising capacitive parasitics of the traction battery as well as explicit Y-capacitors connecting the high-voltage DC-system (HV-system) within specific HV-loads to ground has to be considered. For the PFC front-end stage, when supplied from the three-phase mains this means that generation of high-frequency and high-amplitude CM voltages, as it is common e.g. with the conventional six-switch full-bridge converter, has to be strictly avoided. For this reason, a modified topology is suggested leading to a different mode of operation and to a very low common-mode noise behaviour: The three-phase four-wire full-bridge PFC with split DC-link, whose midpoint is connected to the mains neutral provides very stable potentials at the DC-link rails and therefore it can be classified as Zero-CM-topology.For dedicated single-phase operation, as required for most OBC, an additional balancing leg may be added to the topology to reduce the required DC-link capacitance and allow non-electrolytic capacitors.The function of the bidirectional Zero-CM three-phase four-wire full-bridge PFC was verified by simulation and on an 11 kW-laboratory sample. The power factor is above 0.999 and an efficiency of 98 % is measured.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","type":"conference"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"29850","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"66","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In electric vehicles (EV) the large common-mode (CM) capacitance comprising capacitive parasitics of the traction battery as well as explicit Y-capacitors connecting within specific loads the high-voltage DC-system (HV-system) to ground, can cause issues when using non-isolated EV Chargers. One solution for a power factor correction (PFC) rectifier that is capable to operate with a non-isolated DC-DC converter, is the three-phase four-wire full-bridge PFC, with split DC-link, whose midpoint is connected to the mains neutral. Therefore, it provides very stable potentials at the DC-link rails and accordingly can be classified as Zero-CM topology, which facilitates a common-mode-free operation. When to be operated at a single-phase supply, which is a common requirement for On-board chargers (OBCs) this topology results in the voltage-doubler PFC (V2-PFC) being characterised by a comparably large DC-link voltage ripple at mains frequency. If the DC-link capacitance shall be minimized, for instance to avoid lifetime-limited electrolytic capacitors, two more circuits in addition to the original V2-PFC are proposed for keeping the common-mode-free operation: A balancing circuit (BC), that balances the voltages over the split capacitors and a ripple port (RP), that buffers the 100 Hz power pulsation of the mains. For both circuits the available two bridge legs of the three-phase topology in single-phase operation may be utilized. A 3.7 kW laboratory sample verifies the functionality of the additional circuits in conjunction with the V2-PFC and achieves an efficiency of 95 %."}],"status":"public","publication":"PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management","type":"conference","title":"Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/565515130.html"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-23T15:45:03Z","date_created":"2022-02-15T10:25:25Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Strothmann","full_name":"Strothmann, Benjamin","id":"22556"},{"full_name":"Book, Gerrit","last_name":"Book","first_name":"Gerrit"},{"id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","first_name":"Frank"},{"first_name":"Joachim","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66"}],"year":"2021","page":"1-8","citation":{"bibtex":"@inproceedings{Strothmann_Book_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link}, booktitle={PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Book, Gerrit and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021}, pages={1–8} }","short":"B. Strothmann, G. Book, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2021, pp. 1–8.","mla":"Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link.” <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2021, pp. 1–8.","apa":"Strothmann, B., Book, G., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2021). Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link. <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–8.","ieee":"B. Strothmann, G. Book, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link,” in <i>PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2021, pp. 1–8.","chicago":"Strothmann, Benjamin, Gerrit Book, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link.” In <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–8, 2021.","ama":"Strothmann B, Book G, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link. In: <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>. ; 2021:1-8."},"publication_status":"published"},{"type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Heat dissipation is a limiting factor in the performance of many power electronic components. Especially in the TO-263-7 package, which is used for several SiC-MOSFETs, the heat transfer must take place through the cross section of the printed circuit board (PCB) to the heatsink at the bottom side. Most commonly, thermal vias are used to form this path in a perpendicular direction through all PCB-layers. In a given soft- and hard switched example applications with the use of C3M0065090J SiC-MOSFETs, this conventional approach limited the component’s maximum heat dissipation to approx. 13 W. A recent alternative approach are massive copper blocks (”pedestals”) being integrated in PCBs and reaching from their top- to the bottom-side in relevant footprint areas under SMD-housed power semiconductors. Pedestals allowing to increase the heat dissipation in the given case to even 36 W. This step is achieved due to the clearly superior heat spreading capability of that massive thermal connection between SiC-MOSFET and heatsink. For the hard switched example application the number of switch-elements can be halved to one, by using the pedestal instead of thermal vias. Independently of optimizing the heat transfer path, the up-front avoidance of losses helps to stay within existing heat dissipation limits, of course. The dominant conduction losses of the mentioned soft-switched example application could be halved by changing to SiC-MOSFET types with significant lowered RDSon. By using pedestals and changing to SiC-MOSFETs with lowered RDSon, the number of switch-elements can also be halved for the soft switched application."}],"status":"public","_id":"30001","user_id":"66","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2020","citation":{"apa":"Strothmann, B., Piepenbrock, T., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2020). Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications. <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–7.","short":"B. Strothmann, T. Piepenbrock, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2020, pp. 1–7.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Strothmann_Piepenbrock_Schafmeister_Böcker_2020, title={Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications}, booktitle={PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Piepenbrock, Till and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2020}, pages={1–7} }","mla":"Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Heat Dissipation Strategies for Silicon Carbide Power SMDs and Their Use in Different Applications.” <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2020, pp. 1–7.","chicago":"Strothmann, Benjamin, Till Piepenbrock, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Heat Dissipation Strategies for Silicon Carbide Power SMDs and Their Use in Different Applications.” In <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–7, 2020.","ieee":"B. Strothmann, T. Piepenbrock, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications,” in <i>PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2020, pp. 1–7.","ama":"Strothmann B, Piepenbrock T, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications. In: <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>. ; 2020:1-7."},"page":"1-7","date_updated":"2023-10-20T12:23:18Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Strothmann","full_name":"Strothmann, Benjamin","id":"22556"},{"full_name":"Piepenbrock, Till","last_name":"Piepenbrock","first_name":"Till"},{"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank"},{"full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66","last_name":"Böcker","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","first_name":"Joachim"}],"date_created":"2022-02-23T14:14:58Z","title":"Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"29999","user_id":"66","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"abstract":[{"text":"For future Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications, the six-switch full-bridge is often used as AC-DC front-end converter of a three-phase EV-charger. In many publications, the common mode (CM) noise is not taken into account. However, this must not be neglected considering the large effective capacitance, of up to 3 muF, as allowed by new standards. In this paper, different modulation techniques are investigated, related to their CM-noise. Based on electric circuit simulations, CM-filters are estimated, and the CM-currents are investigated. Accordingly, the conventional six-switch full-bridge is practically difficult to use in non-isolated chargers, because the resulting CM-currents and/or the required EMI-filter become too large, even if CM-Voltage optimized modulation techniques are used.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management","title":"Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/564938169.html"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-23T14:43:06Z","date_created":"2022-02-23T14:12:54Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","full_name":"Strothmann, Benjamin","id":"22556","last_name":"Strothmann"},{"last_name":"Schafmeister","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","first_name":"Frank"},{"first_name":"Joachim","id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker"}],"year":"2019","citation":{"ama":"Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation. In: <i>PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>. ; 2019:1-7.","ieee":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation,” in <i>PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2019, pp. 1–7.","chicago":"Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation.” In <i>PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–7, 2019.","apa":"Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2019). Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation. <i>PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 1–7.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2019, title={Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2019}, pages={1–7} }","short":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2019, pp. 1–7.","mla":"Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation.” <i>PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>, 2019, pp. 1–7."},"page":"1-7","publication_status":"published"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"22556","_id":"30002","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Utilisation of SiC semiconductors' fast switching speeds and high switching frequencies as a consequent are often in discussion. But which switching frequency is really optimal in terms of converter volume, losses and costs? Based on the example of a buck converter, this question is investigated, and a tool for loss calculation and design is described in this paper. A Pareto optimization of the converter is performed where the switching frequency is one of several design parameters. The buck converter can be realized by multiple rails interleaved, and several switches can be placed in parallel. Considered converter modes are continuous conduction mode, that allows hard-switching, ZVS, and incomplete ZVS depending on the switching frequency. Based on Pareto optimizations, a design is selected, and a laboratory sample of 5.5 kW for application in an EV battery charger is built up. Efficiencies of 99.5 % are achieved with switching frequencies of around 100 kHz.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","doi":"10.1109/apec.2019.8721850","title":"Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging","author":[{"first_name":"Benjamin","id":"22556","full_name":"Strothmann, Benjamin","last_name":"Strothmann"},{"last_name":"Schafmeister","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","first_name":"Frank"},{"first_name":"Joachim","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim"}],"date_created":"2022-02-23T14:16:37Z","date_updated":"2022-02-23T14:17:25Z","publisher":"IEEE","citation":{"apa":"Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2019). Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging. <i>2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2019, title={Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>}, booktitle={2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2019} }","short":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2019.","mla":"Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 KW Buck Converter for EV-Charging.” <i>2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>, IEEE, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>.","ama":"Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging. In: <i>2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE; 2019. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>","ieee":"B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging,” 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>.","chicago":"Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 KW Buck Converter for EV-Charging.” In <i>2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850\">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850</a>."},"year":"2019","publication_status":"published"}]