---
_id: '29849'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'DC-DC converters for on-board chargers (OBC) of electrical vehicles are usually
galvanically isolated allowing modular single-phase PFC front-end solutions, but
require transformers which are more bulky, costly and lossy than inductors of
non-isolated DC-DCs. Furthermore, for vehicle-to-grid applications, bidirectional
converters with transformers are generally more complex and have a higher count
on semiconductor switches than transformerless solutions. However, when using
non-isolated DC-DC converters within an OBC, the large common-mode (CM) capacitance
comprising capacitive parasitics of the traction battery as well as explicit Y-capacitors
connecting the high-voltage DC-system (HV-system) within specific HV-loads to
ground has to be considered. For the PFC front-end stage, when supplied from the
three-phase mains this means that generation of high-frequency and high-amplitude
CM voltages, as it is common e.g. with the conventional six-switch full-bridge
converter, has to be strictly avoided. For this reason, a modified topology is
suggested leading to a different mode of operation and to a very low common-mode
noise behaviour: The three-phase four-wire full-bridge PFC with split DC-link,
whose midpoint is connected to the mains neutral provides very stable potentials
at the DC-link rails and therefore it can be classified as Zero-CM-topology.For
dedicated single-phase operation, as required for most OBC, an additional balancing
leg may be added to the topology to reduce the required DC-link capacitance and
allow non-electrolytic capacitors.The function of the bidirectional Zero-CM three-phase
four-wire full-bridge PFC was verified by simulation and on an 11 kW-laboratory
sample. The power factor is above 0.999 and an efficiency of 98 % is measured.'
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Strothmann, Benjamin
id: '22556'
last_name: Strothmann
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
ama: 'Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase
PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger. In: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE; 2021. doi:10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462'
apa: Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., & Böcker, J. (2021). Common-Mode-Free
Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger. 2021 IEEE
Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Common-Mode-Free
Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger}, DOI={10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462},
booktitle={2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)},
publisher={IEEE}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker,
Joachim}, year={2021} }'
chicago: Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Common-Mode-Free
Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger.” In 2021
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462.
ieee: 'B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional
Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger,” 2021, doi: 10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462.'
mla: Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier
for Non-Isolated EV Charger.” 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference
and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2021, doi:10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462.
short: 'B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2021.'
date_created: 2022-02-15T09:14:56Z
date_updated: 2022-02-21T19:25:17Z
department:
- _id: '52'
doi: 10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487462
keyword:
- Three-phase four-wire
- OBC
- Y2G
- PFC
- CM
- EY charger
- balancing circuit
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV
Charger
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '29850'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In electric vehicles (EV) the large common-mode (CM) capacitance comprising
capacitive parasitics of the traction battery as well as explicit Y-capacitors
connecting within specific loads the high-voltage DC-system (HV-system) to ground,
can cause issues when using non-isolated EV Chargers. One solution for a power
factor correction (PFC) rectifier that is capable to operate with a non-isolated
DC-DC converter, is the three-phase four-wire full-bridge PFC, with split DC-link,
whose midpoint is connected to the mains neutral. Therefore, it provides very
stable potentials at the DC-link rails and accordingly can be classified as Zero-CM
topology, which facilitates a common-mode-free operation. When to be operated
at a single-phase supply, which is a common requirement for On-board chargers
(OBCs) this topology results in the voltage-doubler PFC (V2-PFC) being characterised
by a comparably large DC-link voltage ripple at mains frequency. If the DC-link
capacitance shall be minimized, for instance to avoid lifetime-limited electrolytic
capacitors, two more circuits in addition to the original V2-PFC are proposed
for keeping the common-mode-free operation: A balancing circuit (BC), that balances
the voltages over the split capacitors and a ripple port (RP), that buffers the
100 Hz power pulsation of the mains. For both circuits the available two bridge
legs of the three-phase topology in single-phase operation may be utilized. A
3.7 kW laboratory sample verifies the functionality of the additional circuits
in conjunction with the V2-PFC and achieves an efficiency of 95 %.'
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Strothmann, Benjamin
id: '22556'
last_name: Strothmann
- first_name: Gerrit
full_name: Book, Gerrit
last_name: Book
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
ama: 'Strothmann B, Book G, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Single-Phase Operation of
Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger
with Minimized DC-Link. In: PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition
and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and
Energy Management. ; 2021:1-8.'
apa: Strothmann, B., Book, G., Schafmeister, F., & Böcker, J. (2021). Single-Phase
Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated
EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link. PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International
Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable
Energy and Energy Management, 1–8.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Strothmann_Book_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Single-Phase
Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated
EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link}, booktitle={PCIM Europe digital days 2021;
International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion,
Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Book,
Gerrit and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021}, pages={1–8}
}'
chicago: Strothmann, Benjamin, Gerrit Book, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker.
“Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier
for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link.” In PCIM Europe Digital
Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent
Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 1–8, 2021.
ieee: B. Strothmann, G. Book, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Single-Phase Operation
of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV
Charger with Minimized DC-Link,” in PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International
Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable
Energy and Energy Management, 2021, pp. 1–8.
mla: Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional
Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link.”
PCIM Europe Digital Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for
Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management,
2021, pp. 1–8.
short: 'B. Strothmann, G. Book, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe Digital
Days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent
Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2021, pp. 1–8.'
date_created: 2022-02-15T10:25:25Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T15:45:03Z
department:
- _id: '52'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/565515130.html
page: 1-8
publication: PCIM Europe digital days 2021; International Exhibition and Conference
for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Single-Phase Operation of Common-Mode-Free Bidirectional Three-Phase PFC-Rectifier
for Non-Isolated EV Charger with Minimized DC-Link
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '30001'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Heat dissipation is a limiting factor in the performance of many power electronic
components. Especially in the TO-263-7 package, which is used for several SiC-MOSFETs,
the heat transfer must take place through the cross section of the printed circuit
board (PCB) to the heatsink at the bottom side. Most commonly, thermal vias are
used to form this path in a perpendicular direction through all PCB-layers. In
a given soft- and hard switched example applications with the use of C3M0065090J
SiC-MOSFETs, this conventional approach limited the component’s maximum heat dissipation
to approx. 13 W. A recent alternative approach are massive copper blocks (”pedestals”)
being integrated in PCBs and reaching from their top- to the bottom-side in relevant
footprint areas under SMD-housed power semiconductors. Pedestals allowing to increase
the heat dissipation in the given case to even 36 W. This step is achieved due
to the clearly superior heat spreading capability of that massive thermal connection
between SiC-MOSFET and heatsink. For the hard switched example application the
number of switch-elements can be halved to one, by using the pedestal instead
of thermal vias. Independently of optimizing the heat transfer path, the up-front
avoidance of losses helps to stay within existing heat dissipation limits, of
course. The dominant conduction losses of the mentioned soft-switched example
application could be halved by changing to SiC-MOSFET types with significant lowered
RDSon. By using pedestals and changing to SiC-MOSFETs with lowered RDSon, the
number of switch-elements can also be halved for the soft switched application.
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Strothmann, Benjamin
id: '22556'
last_name: Strothmann
- first_name: Till
full_name: Piepenbrock, Till
last_name: Piepenbrock
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
ama: 'Strothmann B, Piepenbrock T, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Heat dissipation strategies
for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications. In: PCIM
Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,
Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. ; 2020:1-7.'
apa: Strothmann, B., Piepenbrock, T., Schafmeister, F., & Böcker, J. (2020).
Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different
applications. PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference
for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management,
1–7.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Strothmann_Piepenbrock_Schafmeister_Böcker_2020, title={Heat
dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different
applications}, booktitle={PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition
and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and
Energy Management}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Piepenbrock, Till and Schafmeister,
Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2020}, pages={1–7} }'
chicago: Strothmann, Benjamin, Till Piepenbrock, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim
Böcker. “Heat Dissipation Strategies for Silicon Carbide Power SMDs and Their
Use in Different Applications.” In PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020; International
Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable
Energy and Energy Management, 1–7, 2020.
ieee: B. Strothmann, T. Piepenbrock, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Heat dissipation
strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in different applications,”
in PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for
Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management,
2020, pp. 1–7.
mla: Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Heat Dissipation Strategies for Silicon Carbide
Power SMDs and Their Use in Different Applications.” PCIM Europe Digital Days
2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent
Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2020, pp. 1–7.
short: 'B. Strothmann, T. Piepenbrock, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe
Digital Days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,
Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2020, pp. 1–7.'
date_created: 2022-02-23T14:14:58Z
date_updated: 2023-10-20T12:23:18Z
department:
- _id: '52'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-7
publication: PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference
for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Heat dissipation strategies for silicon carbide power SMDs and their use in
different applications
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '29999'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: For future Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications, the six-switch full-bridge
is often used as AC-DC front-end converter of a three-phase EV-charger. In many
publications, the common mode (CM) noise is not taken into account. However, this
must not be neglected considering the large effective capacitance, of up to 3
muF, as allowed by new standards. In this paper, different modulation techniques
are investigated, related to their CM-noise. Based on electric circuit simulations,
CM-filters are estimated, and the CM-currents are investigated. Accordingly, the
conventional six-switch full-bridge is practically difficult to use in non-isolated
chargers, because the resulting CM-currents and/or the required EMI-filter become
too large, even if CM-Voltage optimized modulation techniques are used.
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Strothmann, Benjamin
id: '22556'
last_name: Strothmann
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
ama: 'Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated
Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation. In: PCIM
Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent
Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. ; 2019:1-7.'
apa: Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., & Böcker, J. (2019). Common Mode Analysis
of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation.
PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,
Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 1–7.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2019, title={Common Mode
Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid
Operation}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference
for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management},
author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2019},
pages={1–7} }'
chicago: Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Common Mode
Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid
Operation.” In PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for
Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management,
1–7, 2019.
ieee: B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated
Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation,” in PCIM
Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent
Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2019, pp. 1–7.
mla: Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase
EV-Charger for Bi-Directional Vehicle-to-Grid Operation.” PCIM Europe 2019;
International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion,
Renewable Energy and Energy Management, 2019, pp. 1–7.
short: 'B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe 2019; International
Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable
Energy and Energy Management, 2019, pp. 1–7.'
date_created: 2022-02-23T14:12:54Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T14:43:06Z
department:
- _id: '52'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/564938169.html
page: 1-7
publication: PCIM Europe 2019; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,
Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Common Mode Analysis of Non-Isolated Three-Phase EV-Charger for Bi-Directional
Vehicle-to-Grid Operation
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '30002'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Utilisation of SiC semiconductors' fast switching speeds and high switching
frequencies as a consequent are often in discussion. But which switching frequency
is really optimal in terms of converter volume, losses and costs? Based on the
example of a buck converter, this question is investigated, and a tool for loss
calculation and design is described in this paper. A Pareto optimization of the
converter is performed where the switching frequency is one of several design
parameters. The buck converter can be realized by multiple rails interleaved,
and several switches can be placed in parallel. Considered converter modes are
continuous conduction mode, that allows hard-switching, ZVS, and incomplete ZVS
depending on the switching frequency. Based on Pareto optimizations, a design
is selected, and a laboratory sample of 5.5 kW for application in an EV battery
charger is built up. Efficiencies of 99.5 % are achieved with switching frequencies
of around 100 kHz.
author:
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Strothmann, Benjamin
id: '22556'
last_name: Strothmann
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
ama: 'Strothmann B, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies
for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging. In: 2019
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE; 2019.
doi:10.1109/apec.2019.8721850'
apa: Strothmann, B., Schafmeister, F., & Böcker, J. (2019). Pareto Design and
Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging.
2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Strothmann_Schafmeister_Böcker_2019, title={Pareto Design
and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for
EV-Charging}, DOI={10.1109/apec.2019.8721850},
booktitle={2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)},
publisher={IEEE}, author={Strothmann, Benjamin and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker,
Joachim}, year={2019} }'
chicago: Strothmann, Benjamin, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Pareto Design
and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 KW Buck Converter for
EV-Charging.” In 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC). IEEE, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2019.8721850.
ieee: 'B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Pareto Design and Switching
Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW Buck Converter for EV-Charging,”
2019, doi: 10.1109/apec.2019.8721850.'
mla: Strothmann, Benjamin, et al. “Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC
MOSFETs Applied in an 11 KW Buck Converter for EV-Charging.” 2019 IEEE Applied
Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2019, doi:10.1109/apec.2019.8721850.
short: 'B. Strothmann, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2019.'
date_created: 2022-02-23T14:16:37Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T14:17:25Z
doi: 10.1109/apec.2019.8721850
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Pareto Design and Switching Frequencies for SiC MOSFETs Applied in an 11 kW
Buck Converter for EV-Charging
type: conference
user_id: '22556'
year: '2019'
...