[{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>The aggregation of rating metrics in reputation systems is crucial for mitigating information overload by condensing customer rating distributions into singular valence scores. While platforms typically employ technical aggregation functions, such as the arithmetic mean to capture product quality, it remains unclear whether these functions align with customers' innate aggregation patterns. To address this knowledge gap, we designed a controlled economic decision experiment to elicit customers' aggregation principles by analyzing their product ranking decisions and contrasting these with various reference functions. Our findings indicate that, on average, customers aggregate rating information in accordance with the arithmetic mean. However, a granular analysis at the individual level reveals significant heterogeneity in aggregation behavior, with a substantial cluster exhibiting binary patterns that focus equally on negative (1-2 star) and positive (4-5 star) ratings. Additional clusters concentrate on negative feedback, particularly 1-star ratings or 1-2 star ratings collectively. Notably, these inherent aggregation patterns exhibit stability across variations in numerical information presentation and are not significantly influenced by individual characteristics, such as online shopping experience, risk attitudes, or demographics. These findings suggest that while the arithmetic mean captures average consumer behavior, platforms could benefit from offering customizable aggregation options to better cater to diverse user preferences for processing rating distributions. By doing so, platforms can enhance the effectiveness of their reputation systems and improve the overall quality of decision-making for consumers.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"26032","_id":"65182","citation":{"ama":"van Straaten D, Mir Djawadi B, Melnikov V, Hüllermeier E, Fahr R. Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>","chicago":"Straaten, Dirk van, Behnud Mir Djawadi, Vitalik Melnikov, Eyke Hüllermeier, and René Fahr. “Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>.","ieee":"D. van Straaten, B. Mir Djawadi, V. Melnikov, E. Hüllermeier, and R. Fahr, “Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>.","apa":"van Straaten, D., Mir Djawadi, B., Melnikov, V., Hüllermeier, E., &#38; Fahr, R. (2026). Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>","bibtex":"@article{van Straaten_Mir Djawadi_Melnikov_Hüllermeier_Fahr_2026, title={Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment}, DOI={<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={van Straaten, Dirk and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Melnikov, Vitalik and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Fahr, René}, year={2026} }","short":"D. van Straaten, B. Mir Djawadi, V. Melnikov, E. Hüllermeier, R. Fahr, SSRN Electronic Journal (2026).","mla":"van Straaten, Dirk, et al. “Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258</a>."},"year":"2026","publication_status":"published","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6201258","title":"Aggregation Processes in Customer Rating Systems - Insights from an Economic Decision Experiment","author":[{"full_name":"van Straaten, Dirk","id":"10311","last_name":"van Straaten","first_name":"Dirk"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","first_name":"Behnud"},{"first_name":"Vitalik","id":"58747","full_name":"Melnikov, Vitalik","last_name":"Melnikov"},{"last_name":"Hüllermeier","id":"48129","full_name":"Hüllermeier, Eyke","first_name":"Eyke"},{"full_name":"Fahr, René","id":"111","last_name":"Fahr","first_name":"René"}],"date_created":"2026-03-27T16:21:55Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2026-03-27T21:55:03Z"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>In many Western societies, mass immigration has been one of the most divisive policy issues in recent years. Seemingly moderate inflows of migrants can have substantial demographic consequences in the long run, due to (1) higher fertility of the migrant population, (2) its younger age distribution, and (3) the possibility of family reunification. Yet, demography hardly appears in the policy debate, even in media outlets that are critical of mass immigration. This may indicate that the mechanics of population dynamics are not widely understood. We design a laboratory experiment in which we confront subjects with 30 different migration scenarios. Subjects have to decide when to stop a given inflow of migrants to achieve a target share of migrants after 60 years. In line with all our pre-registered hypotheses, in scenarios that contain elements of usual mass immigration the growth of the migrant population is systematically underestimated. This bias is even stronger in scenarios that closely resemble the German situation since the opening of the borders during the 2015 refugee crisis.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"65181","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"26032","year":"2026","citation":{"ama":"Abbink K, Mir Djawadi B. Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers? <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>","ieee":"K. Abbink and B. Mir Djawadi, “Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers?,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>.","chicago":"Abbink, Klaus, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers?” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>.","mla":"Abbink, Klaus, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers?” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Abbink_Mir Djawadi_2026, title={Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers?}, DOI={<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Abbink, Klaus and Mir Djawadi, Behnud}, year={2026} }","short":"K. Abbink, B. Mir Djawadi, SSRN Electronic Journal (2026).","apa":"Abbink, K., &#38; Mir Djawadi, B. (2026). Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers? <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618</a>"},"publication_status":"published","title":"Migration and Long-Term Demographic Change: Can We Control the Numbers?","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6343618","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2026-03-27T21:39:58Z","date_created":"2026-03-27T16:21:06Z","author":[{"last_name":"Abbink","full_name":"Abbink, Klaus","first_name":"Klaus"},{"first_name":"Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud"}]},{"user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"_id":"63910","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","status":"public","date_created":"2026-02-06T13:53:22Z","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud"}],"publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2026-03-27T21:43:56Z","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987","title":"Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, “Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud. “Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2026. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>.","ama":"Mir Djawadi B. Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_2026, title={Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment}, DOI={<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud}, year={2026} }","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, SSRN Electronic Journal (2026).","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud. “Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>.","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B. (2026). Dishonesty of Parents and Children – Evidence from a Field Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6121987</a>"},"year":"2026"},{"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:07:20Z","author":[{"full_name":"Protte, Marius","id":"44549","last_name":"Protte","first_name":"Marius"},{"first_name":"Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032"}],"date_created":"2026-02-06T13:50:44Z","volume":4,"title":"Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty","doi":"10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2813-5296"]},"year":"2025","citation":{"apa":"Protte, M., &#38; Mir Djawadi, B. (2025). Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty. <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i>, <i>4</i>, Article 1645749. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>","mla":"Protte, Marius, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty.” <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i>, vol. 4, 1645749, Frontiers Media SA, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Protte_Mir Djawadi_2025, title={Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>}, number={1645749}, journal={Frontiers in Behavioral Economics}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Protte, Marius and Mir Djawadi, Behnud}, year={2025} }","short":"M. Protte, B. Mir Djawadi, Frontiers in Behavioral Economics 4 (2025).","ama":"Protte M, Mir Djawadi B. Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty. <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i>. 2025;4. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>","chicago":"Protte, Marius, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty.” <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i> 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>.","ieee":"M. Protte and B. Mir Djawadi, “Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty,” <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i>, vol. 4, Art. no. 1645749, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749\">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>."},"intvolume":"         4","_id":"63909","user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"article_number":"1645749","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Frontiers in Behavioral Economics","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Human-machine interactions become increasingly pervasive in daily life and professional contexts, motivating research to examine how human behavior changes when individuals interact with machines rather than other humans. While most of the existing literature focused on human-machine interactions with algorithmic systems in advisory roles, research on human behavior in monitoring or verification processes that are conducted by automated systems remains largely absent. This is surprising given the growing implementation of algorithmic systems in institutions, particularly in tax enforcement and financial regulation, to help monitor and identify misreports, or in online labor platforms widely implementing algorithmic control to ensure that workers deliver high service quality. Our study examines how human dishonesty changes when verification of statements that may be untrue is performed by machines vs. humans, and how ambiguity in the verification process influences dishonest behavior.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>We design an incentivized laboratory experiment using a modified die-roll paradigm where participants privately observe a random draw and report the result, with higher reported numbers yielding greater monetary rewards. A probabilistic verification process introduces risk of identifying a lie and punishment, with treatments varying by verification entity (human vs. machine) and degree of ambiguity in the verification process (transparent vs. ambiguous).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that under transparent verification rules, cheating magnitude does not significantly differ between human and machine auditors. However, under ambiguous conditions, cheating magnitude is significantly higher when machines verify participants' reports, reducing the prevalence of partial cheating while leading to behavioral polarization manifested as either complete honesty or maximal overreporting. The same applies when comparing reports to a machine entity under ambiguous and transparent verification rules.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>These findings emphasize the behavioral implications of algorithmic opacity in verification contexts. While machines can serve as effective auditors under transparent conditions, their black box nature combined with ambiguous verification processes may unintentionally incentivize more severe dishonesty. These insights have practical implications for designing automated oversight systems in tax audits, compliance, and workplace monitoring.</jats:p></jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"European Economic Review","article_number":"105189","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"63908","user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"year":"2025","citation":{"short":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, S. Loer, European Economic Review 180 (2025).","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “‘I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe’: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing.” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol. 180, 105189, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Plaß_Loer_2025, title={“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing}, volume={180}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>}, number={105189}, journal={European Economic Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}, year={2025} }","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Plaß, S., &#38; Loer, S. (2025). “I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing. <i>European Economic Review</i>, <i>180</i>, Article 105189. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Plaß S, Loer S. “I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing. <i>European Economic Review</i>. 2025;180. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Sabrina Plaß, and Sabrina Loer. “‘I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe’: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing.” <i>European Economic Review</i> 180 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, and S. Loer, “‘I don’t believe that you believe what I believe’: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing,” <i>European Economic Review</i>, vol. 180, Art. no. 105189, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189\">10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189</a>."},"intvolume":"       180","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-2921"]},"title":"“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189","date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:06:34Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_created":"2026-02-06T13:49:41Z","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi"},{"last_name":"Plaß","id":"34502","full_name":"Plaß, Sabrina","first_name":"Sabrina"},{"id":"38794","full_name":"Loer, Sabrina","last_name":"Loer","first_name":"Sabrina"}],"volume":180},{"user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"_id":"63911","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","status":"public","author":[{"id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","first_name":"Behnud"},{"last_name":"Plaß","id":"34502","full_name":"Plaß, Sabrina","first_name":"Sabrina"},{"first_name":"Sabrina","last_name":"Loer","full_name":"Loer, Sabrina","id":"38794"}],"date_created":"2026-02-06T13:54:00Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_updated":"2026-03-27T21:51:21Z","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248","title":"Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Plaß S, Loer S. Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Plaß, S., &#38; Loer, S. (2025). Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Plaß_Loer_2025, title={Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment}, DOI={<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}, year={2025} }","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, S. Loer, SSRN Electronic Journal (2025).","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Sabrina Plaß, and Sabrina Loer. “Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2025. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, and S. Loer, “Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>."},"year":"2025"},{"doi":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248","title":"Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis","date_created":"2026-02-06T13:54:45Z","author":[{"id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","first_name":"Behnud"},{"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Wester","full_name":"Wester, Lisa"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-28T10:14:10Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","citation":{"apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; Wester, L. (2025). Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, L. Wester, SSRN Electronic Journal (2025).","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, and Lisa Wester. “Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Wester_2025, title={Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis}, DOI={<a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Wester, Lisa}, year={2025} }","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Wester L. Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, and Lisa Wester. “Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi and L. Wester, “Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248\">https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248</a>."},"year":"2025","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"_id":"63912","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"file:///C:/Users/splass/Downloads/ssrn-5176305.pdf"}],"title":"Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912"},{"first_name":"Sabrina","last_name":"Plaß","id":"34502","full_name":"Plaß, Sabrina"},{"last_name":"Loer","id":"38794","full_name":"Loer, Sabrina","first_name":"Sabrina"}],"date_created":"2025-04-11T14:02:17Z","oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-04-11T19:30:45Z","citation":{"mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. <i>Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour</i>. 2024.","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, S. Loer, Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour, 2024.","bibtex":"@book{Mir Djawadi_Plaß_Loer_2024, title={Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}, year={2024} }","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Plaß, S., &#38; Loer, S. (2024). <i>Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour</i>.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Sabrina Plaß, and Sabrina Loer. <i>Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour</i>, 2024.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, and S. Loer, <i>Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour</i>. 2024.","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Plaß S, Loer S. <i>Multiple Normative Expectations and Interventions -Experimental Evidence on Whistleblowing Behaviour</i>.; 2024."},"year":"2024","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Whistleblowing","Normative Expectations","Social Information Intervention","Social Norms","Economic Experiment"],"user_id":"34502","_id":"59520","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Normative expectations – beliefs about what others perceive as appropriate – have been shown to influence behavioural choices across various domains. We examine this concept in the context of whistleblowing, where potential whistleblowers face two competing norms: promoting fairness by reporting wrongdoing versus maintaining loyalty to peers by staying silent. We investigate how normative expectations about these two mutually exclusive actions affect reporting decisions. Specifically, we test whether providing information on the majority beliefs about either the appropriateness of whistleblowing, or of staying silent, or about both behaviours together, differentially affects the whistleblowing decision. Using an incentivized experiment with UK employees on Prolific, our study yields four key findings: First, employees are more likely to report misconduct when they believe that the majority considers whistleblowing to be appropriate. Second, they are less likely to blow the whistle when they believe staying silent is deemed appropriate. Third, this effect prevails for a particularly important subgroup: among employees who believe that the majority supports whistleblowing, the reporting probability increases substantially when they simultaneously expect that staying silent is deemed inappropriate. Fourth, providing information about both normative dimensions combined or only about the inappropriateness of staying silent significantly increases whistleblowing compared to the (no information) baseline and to information about whistleblowing appropriateness alone. These findings demonstrate the importance of normative expectations about both behavioural options for accurately predicting whistleblowing behaviour, and that social information interventions are most effective when they target behaviours where appropriateness beliefs about conflicting options are dispersed. "}],"type":"working_paper"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032"},{"first_name":"Sabrina","id":"34502","full_name":"Plaß, Sabrina","last_name":"Plaß"},{"last_name":"Loer","full_name":"Loer, Sabrina","id":"38794","first_name":"Sabrina"}],"date_created":"2025-04-11T14:05:03Z","oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-04-11T19:30:59Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"file:///C:/Users/splass/Downloads/ssrn-4868252-2.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"title":"“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing","citation":{"apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Plaß, S., &#38; Loer, S. (2024). <i>“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing</i>.","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, S. Loer, “I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe”: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing, 2024.","bibtex":"@book{Mir Djawadi_Plaß_Loer_2024, title={“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}, year={2024} }","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. <i>“I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe”: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing</i>. 2024.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Sabrina Plaß, and Sabrina Loer. <i>“I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe”: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing</i>, 2024.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, and S. Loer, <i>“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing</i>. 2024.","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Plaß S, Loer S. <i>“I Don’t Believe That You Believe What I Believe”: An Experiment on Misperceptions of Social Norms and Whistleblowing</i>.; 2024."},"year":"2024","user_id":"34502","_id":"59521","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Social Norms","Normative Expectations","Personal Normative Belief","Misperceptions","Whistleblowing"],"type":"working_paper","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Social norms fundamentally shape economic decision-making, yet individuals often systematically misperceive what others think and do, potentially leading to suboptimal social outcomes. We examine how such misperceptions affect behaviour and whether correcting them can induce a behavioural change, using whistleblowing as an application. Through survey data and an incentivized laboratory experiment, we demonstrate that while a majority of individuals (>75%) privately support whistleblowing, almost half (45.92%) misperceive the majority’s view. Both personal normative beliefs and normative expectations strongly predict whistleblowing behaviour. Their alignment is particularly noteworthy: individuals who personally support whistleblowing are more likely to report misconduct when they believe others share their views. A social information intervention revealing the true distribution of peer support affects subgroups differently: while it increases whistleblowing behaviour among individuals who already personally favour reporting misconduct, there is no effect among those who are personally resistant to it. Still, given the relatively low cost of such social information interventions, they offer an economically viable means of achieving behavioural change in at least some of the targeted individuals. ","lang":"eng"}]},{"place":"Paderborn","citation":{"chicago":"Elrich, Alina, Daniel Kaimann, René Fahr, Dennis Kundisch, Behnud Mir Djawadi, Michelle Müller, Martin Poniatowski, Sabrina Schäfers, and Bernd Frick. “Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services.” In <i>On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-Services in Dynamic Markets</i>, edited by Claus-Jochen Haake, Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide, Marco Platzner, Henning Wachsmuth, and Heike Wehrheim, 412:45–64. Verlagsschriftenreihe Des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430\">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430</a>.","ieee":"A. Elrich <i>et al.</i>, “Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services,” in <i>On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-services in dynamic markets</i>, vol. 412, C.-J. Haake, F. Meyer auf der Heide, M. Platzner, H. Wachsmuth, and H. Wehrheim, Eds. Paderborn: Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2023, pp. 45–64.","ama":"Elrich A, Kaimann D, Fahr R, et al. Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services. In: Haake C-J, Meyer auf der Heide F, Platzner M, Wachsmuth H, Wehrheim H, eds. <i>On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-Services in Dynamic Markets</i>. Vol 412. Verlagsschriftenreihe des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts. Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn; 2023:45-64. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430\">10.5281/zenodo.8068430</a>","apa":"Elrich, A., Kaimann, D., Fahr, R., Kundisch, D., Mir Djawadi, B., Müller, M., Poniatowski, M., Schäfers, S., &#38; Frick, B. (2023). Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services. In C.-J. Haake, F. Meyer auf der Heide, M. Platzner, H. Wachsmuth, &#38; H. Wehrheim (Eds.), <i>On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-services in dynamic markets</i> (Vol. 412, pp. 45–64). Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430\">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{Elrich_Kaimann_Fahr_Kundisch_Mir Djawadi_Müller_Poniatowski_Schäfers_Frick_2023, place={Paderborn}, series={Verlagsschriftenreihe des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts}, title={Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services}, volume={412}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430\">10.5281/zenodo.8068430</a>}, booktitle={On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-services in dynamic markets}, publisher={Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn}, author={Elrich, Alina and Kaimann, Daniel and Fahr, René and Kundisch, Dennis and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Müller, Michelle and Poniatowski, Martin and Schäfers, Sabrina and Frick, Bernd}, editor={Haake, Claus-Jochen and Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm and Platzner, Marco and Wachsmuth, Henning and Wehrheim, Heike}, year={2023}, pages={45–64}, collection={Verlagsschriftenreihe des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts} }","mla":"Elrich, Alina, et al. “Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services.” <i>On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-Services in Dynamic Markets</i>, edited by Claus-Jochen Haake et al., vol. 412, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, 2023, pp. 45–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8068430\">10.5281/zenodo.8068430</a>.","short":"A. Elrich, D. Kaimann, R. Fahr, D. Kundisch, B. Mir Djawadi, M. Müller, M. Poniatowski, S. Schäfers, B. Frick, in: C.-J. Haake, F. Meyer auf der Heide, M. Platzner, H. Wachsmuth, H. Wehrheim (Eds.), On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-Services in Dynamic Markets, Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, 2023, pp. 45–64."},"page":"45-64","intvolume":"       412","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.8068430","date_updated":"2023-07-12T07:25:55Z","oa":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Alina","last_name":"Elrich","id":"28948","full_name":"Elrich, Alina"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Kaimann","id":"18949","full_name":"Kaimann, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Fahr","full_name":"Fahr, René","id":"111","first_name":"René"},{"full_name":"Kundisch, Dennis","id":"21117","last_name":"Kundisch","first_name":"Dennis"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","first_name":"Behnud"},{"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Michelle","id":"50286"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Poniatowski, Martin","id":"32441","last_name":"Poniatowski"},{"last_name":"Schäfers","full_name":"Schäfers, Sabrina","id":"38794","first_name":"Sabrina"},{"last_name":"Frick","full_name":"Frick, Bernd","id":"16019","first_name":"Bernd"}],"volume":412,"editor":[{"last_name":"Haake","full_name":"Haake, Claus-Jochen","first_name":"Claus-Jochen"},{"first_name":"Friedhelm","last_name":"Meyer auf der Heide","full_name":"Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm"},{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Platzner, Marco","last_name":"Platzner"},{"last_name":"Wachsmuth","full_name":"Wachsmuth, Henning","first_name":"Henning"},{"last_name":"Wehrheim","full_name":"Wehrheim, Heike","first_name":"Heike"}],"status":"public","type":"book_chapter","file_date_updated":"2023-07-07T11:22:39Z","project":[{"grant_number":"160364472","name":"SFB 901: SFB 901: On-The-Fly Computing - Individualisierte IT-Dienstleistungen in dynamischen Märkten ","_id":"1"},{"name":"SFB 901 - A: SFB 901 - Project Area A","_id":"2"},{"grant_number":"160364472","_id":"8","name":"SFB 901 - A4: SFB 901 - Empirische Analysen in Märkten für OTF Dienstleistungen (Subproject A4)"}],"_id":"45880","user_id":"15504","series_title":"Verlagsschriftenreihe des Heinz Nixdorf Instituts","department":[{"_id":"19"}],"year":"2023","title":"Empirical Analysis in Markets for OTF Services","publisher":"Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn","date_created":"2023-07-07T07:15:06Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-07-07T07:14:49Z","creator":"florida","date_updated":"2023-07-07T11:22:39Z","file_name":"A4-Chapter-SFB-Buch-Final.pdf","file_id":"45881","access_level":"open_access","file_size":513106}],"publication":"On-The-Fly Computing -- Individualized IT-services in dynamic markets","ddc":["004"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"user_id":"38794","series_title":"Research in the Sociology of Organizations","_id":"46088","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","editor":[{"full_name":"Gabbioneta, Claudia","last_name":"Gabbioneta","first_name":"Claudia"},{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Clemente","full_name":"Clemente, Marco"},{"last_name":"Greenwood","full_name":"Greenwood, Royston","first_name":"Royston"}],"volume":85,"author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi"},{"first_name":"Sabrina","last_name":"Plaß","full_name":"Plaß, Sabrina","id":"34502"},{"id":"38794","full_name":"Schäfers, Sabrina","last_name":"Schäfers","first_name":"Sabrina"}],"date_created":"2023-07-19T06:41:59Z","publisher":"Emerald Publishing Limited","date_updated":"2023-07-19T06:50:23Z","doi":"10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005","title":"Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781837532834","9781837532827"],"issn":["0733-558X"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        85","page":"73-100","citation":{"bibtex":"@inbook{Mir Djawadi_Plaß_Schäfers_2023, place={Bingley}, series={Research in the Sociology of Organizations}, title={Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing}, volume={85}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005\">10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005</a>}, booktitle={Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact}, publisher={Emerald Publishing Limited}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Schäfers, Sabrina}, editor={Gabbioneta, Claudia and Clemente, Marco and Greenwood, Royston}, year={2023}, pages={73–100}, collection={Research in the Sociology of Organizations} }","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing.” <i>Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact</i>, edited by Claudia Gabbioneta et al., vol. 85, Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023, pp. 73–100, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005\">10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005</a>.","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, S. Schäfers, in: C. Gabbioneta, M. Clemente, R. Greenwood (Eds.), Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 2023, pp. 73–100.","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Plaß, S., &#38; Schäfers, S. (2023). Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing. In C. Gabbioneta, M. Clemente, &#38; R. Greenwood (Eds.), <i>Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact</i> (Vol. 85, pp. 73–100). Emerald Publishing Limited. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005\">https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005</a>","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Plaß S, Schäfers S. Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing. In: Gabbioneta C, Clemente M, Greenwood R, eds. <i>Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact</i>. Vol 85. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2023:73-100. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005\">10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005</a>","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, S. Plaß, and S. Schäfers, “Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing,” in <i>Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact</i>, vol. 85, C. Gabbioneta, M. Clemente, and R. Greenwood, Eds. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023, pp. 73–100.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Sabrina Plaß, and Sabrina Schäfers. “Peers: Powerful or Negligible? A Systematic Review on Peer Factors and Internal Whistleblowing.” In <i>Organizational Wrongdoing as the “Foundational” Grand Challenge: Consequences and Impact</i>, edited by Claudia Gabbioneta, Marco Clemente, and Royston Greenwood, 85:73–100. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005\">https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20230000085005</a>."},"place":"Bingley","year":"2023"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Aggregation metrics in reputation systems are important for overcoming information overload. When using these metrics, technical aggregation functions such as the arithmetic mean are implemented to measure the valence of product ratings. However, it is unclear whether the implemented aggregation functions match the inherent aggregation patterns of customers. In our experiment, we elicit customers' aggregation heuristics and contrast these with reference functions. Our findings indicate that, overall, the arithmetic mean performs best in comparison with other aggregation functions. However, our analysis on an individual level reveals heterogeneous aggregation patterns. Major clusters exhibit a binary bias (i.e., an over-weighting of moderate ratings and under-weighting of extreme ratings) in combination with the arithmetic mean. Minor clusters focus on 1-star ratings or negative (i.e., 1-star and 2-star) ratings. Thereby, inherent aggregation patterns are neither affected by variation of provided information nor by individual characteristics such as experience, risk attitudes, or demographics."}],"type":"working_paper","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"series_title":"Working Papers Dissertations","user_id":"477","_id":"45616","project":[{"grant_number":"160364472","_id":"8","name":"SFB 901 - A4: SFB 901 - Empirische Analysen in Märkten für OTF Dienstleistungen (Subproject A4)"},{"name":"SFB 901: SFB 901: On-The-Fly Computing - Individualisierte IT-Dienstleistungen in dynamischen Märkten ","_id":"1","grant_number":"160364472"},{"_id":"2","name":"SFB 901 - A: SFB 901 - Project Area A"}],"intvolume":"        72","citation":{"ama":"van Straaten D, Melnikov V, Hüllermeier E, Mir Djawadi B, Fahr R. <i>Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes</i>. Vol 72.; 2021.","ieee":"D. van Straaten, V. Melnikov, E. Hüllermeier, B. Mir Djawadi, and R. Fahr, <i>Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes</i>, vol. 72. 2021.","chicago":"Straaten, Dirk van, Vitalik Melnikov, Eyke Hüllermeier, Behnud Mir Djawadi, and René Fahr. <i>Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes</i>. Vol. 72. Working Papers Dissertations, 2021.","bibtex":"@book{van Straaten_Melnikov_Hüllermeier_Mir Djawadi_Fahr_2021, series={Working Papers Dissertations}, title={Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes}, volume={72}, author={van Straaten, Dirk and Melnikov, Vitalik and Hüllermeier, Eyke and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Fahr, René}, year={2021}, collection={Working Papers Dissertations} }","short":"D. van Straaten, V. Melnikov, E. Hüllermeier, B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes, 2021.","mla":"van Straaten, Dirk, et al. <i>Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes</i>. 2021.","apa":"van Straaten, D., Melnikov, V., Hüllermeier, E., Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; Fahr, R. (2021). <i>Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes</i> (Vol. 72)."},"year":"2021","title":"Accounting for Heuristics in Reputation Systems: An Interdisciplinary Approach on Aggregation Processes","volume":72,"date_created":"2023-06-15T08:23:33Z","author":[{"full_name":"van Straaten, Dirk","id":"10311","last_name":"van Straaten","first_name":"Dirk"},{"full_name":"Melnikov, Vitalik","id":"58747","last_name":"Melnikov","first_name":"Vitalik"},{"first_name":"Eyke","last_name":"Hüllermeier","full_name":"Hüllermeier, Eyke","id":"48129"},{"first_name":"Behnud","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912"},{"first_name":"René","id":"111","full_name":"Fahr, René","last_name":"Fahr"}],"date_updated":"2023-07-05T07:27:17Z"},{"citation":{"ama":"Endres AE, Recker S, Mir Djawadi B, Hoyer B. Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are equilibrium networks too complex? <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization </i>. 2019;157:708-734. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004\">10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004</a>","chicago":"Endres, Angelika Elfriede, Sonja Recker, Behnud Mir Djawadi, and Britta Hoyer. “Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are Equilibrium Networks Too Complex?” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization </i> 157 (2019): 708–34. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004</a>.","ieee":"A. E. Endres, S. Recker, B. Mir Djawadi, and B. Hoyer, “Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are equilibrium networks too complex?,” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization </i>, vol. 157, pp. 708–734, 2019.","bibtex":"@article{Endres_Recker_Mir Djawadi_Hoyer_2019, title={Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are equilibrium networks too complex?}, volume={157}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004\">10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004</a>}, journal={Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization }, author={Endres, Angelika Elfriede and Recker, Sonja and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Hoyer, Britta}, year={2019}, pages={708–734} }","mla":"Endres, Angelika Elfriede, et al. “Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are Equilibrium Networks Too Complex?” <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization </i>, vol. 157, 2019, pp. 708–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004\">10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004</a>.","short":"A.E. Endres, S. Recker, B. Mir Djawadi, B. Hoyer, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization  157 (2019) 708–734.","apa":"Endres, A. E., Recker, S., Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; Hoyer, B. (2019). Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are equilibrium networks too complex? <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization </i>, <i>157</i>, 708–734. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004</a>"},"page":"708-734","intvolume":"       157","publication_status":"epub_ahead","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2018.11.004","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:03:49Z","author":[{"last_name":"Endres","id":"48794","full_name":"Endres, Angelika Elfriede","first_name":"Angelika Elfriede"},{"full_name":"Recker, Sonja","last_name":"Recker","first_name":"Sonja"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","first_name":"Behnud"},{"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Hoyer","id":"42447","full_name":"Hoyer, Britta"}],"volume":157,"status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2018-11-19T07:39:42Z","project":[{"name":"SFB 901","_id":"1"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Subprojekt A3","_id":"7"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Subprojekt A4","_id":"8"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Project Area A","_id":"2"}],"_id":"80","user_id":"42447","department":[{"_id":"280"},{"_id":"179"},{"_id":"204"},{"_id":"475"}],"year":"2019","title":"Network Formation and Disruption - An Experiment: Are equilibrium networks too complex?","date_created":"2017-10-17T12:41:07Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Models on network formation have often been extended to include the potential of network disruption in recent years. Whereas the theoretical research on network formation under the threat of disruption has thus gained prominence, hardly any experimental research exists so far. In this paper, we therefore experimentally study the emergence of networks including the aspect of a known external threat by relating theoretical predictions by Dzuibiński and Goyal (2013) to actual observed behaviour. We deal with the question if subjects in the role of a strategic Designer are able to form safe networks for least costs while facing a strategic Adversary who is going to attack their networks. Varying the costs for protecting nodes, we designed and tested two treatments with different predictions for the equilibrium network and investigated whether one of the least cost equilibrium networks was more likely to be reached. Furthermore, the influence of the subjects’ farsightedness on their decision-making process was elicited and analysed.\r\n\r\nWe find that while subjects are able to build safe networks in both treatments, equilibrium networks are only built in one of the two treatments. In the other treatment, predominantly safe networks are built but they are not for least costs. Additionally, we find that farsightedness –as measured in our experiment– has no influence on whether subjects are able to build safe or least cost equilibrium networks. Two robustness settings with a reduced external threat or more liberties to modify the initial networks qualitatively confirm our results. Overall, in this experiment observed behaviour is only partially in line with the theoretical predictions by Dzuibiński and Goyal (2013)."}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","creator":"bhoyer","date_created":"2018-11-19T07:39:42Z","date_updated":"2018-11-19T07:39:42Z","file_name":"Publication Jebo.pdf","file_id":"5723","access_level":"closed","file_size":1569991}],"publication":"Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization ","ddc":["330"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1556-5068"]},"year":"2019","citation":{"chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, and Petra Nieken. “Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>.","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi and P. Nieken, “Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>.","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Nieken P. Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2019. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Nieken_2019, title={Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Nieken, Petra}, year={2019} }","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, P. Nieken, SSRN Electronic Journal (2019).","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, and Petra Nieken. “Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>.","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; Nieken, P. (2019). Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481126</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:10:07Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","date_created":"2026-02-06T14:00:52Z","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912"},{"last_name":"Nieken","full_name":"Nieken, Petra","first_name":"Petra"}],"title":"Labor Market Chances of Whistleblowers - Potential Drivers of Discrimination","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3481126","type":"journal_article","publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","status":"public","_id":"63913","user_id":"26032","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication":"PLoS ONE","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In Internet transactions, customers and service providers often interact once and anonymously.\r\nTo prevent deceptive behavior a reputation system is particularly important to\r\nreduce information asymmetries about the quality of the offered product or service. In this\r\nstudy we examine the effectiveness of a reputation system to reduce information asymmetries\r\nwhen customers may make mistakes in judging the provided service quality. In our model,\r\na service provider makes strategic quality choices and short-lived customers are asked to\r\nevaluate the observed quality by providing ratings to a reputation system. The customer is\r\nnot able to always evaluate the service quality correctly and possibly submits an erroneous\r\nrating according to a predefined probability. Considering reputation profiles of the last three\r\nsales, within the theoretical model we derive that the service provider’s dichotomous quality\r\ndecisions are independent of the reputation profile and depend only on the probabilities of\r\nreceiving positive and negative ratings when providing low or high quality. Thus, a service\r\nprovider optimally either maintains a good reputation or completely refrains from any reputation\r\nbuilding process. However, when mapping our theoretical model to an experimental\r\ndesign we find that a significant share of subjects in the role of the service provider deviates\r\nfrom optimal behavior and chooses actions which are conditional on the current reputation\r\nprofile. With respect to these individual quality choices we see that subjects use milking\r\nstrategies which means that they exploit a good reputation. In particular, if the sales price\r\nis high, low quality is delivered until the price drops below a certain threshold, and then\r\nhigh quality is chosen until the price increases again."}],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"closed","file_id":"5542","file_name":"Maintaining_vs_Milking.pdf","file_size":1107189,"creator":"cjhaake","date_created":"2018-11-13T20:51:34Z","date_updated":"2018-11-13T20:51:34Z"}],"ddc":["330"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"11","year":"2018","publisher":"Public Library of Science","date_created":"2018-11-03T11:51:48Z","title":"Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation when Customer Feedback is Inaccurate","type":"journal_article","status":"public","project":[{"name":"SFB 901 - Subproject A3","_id":"7"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Subproject A4","_id":"8"},{"_id":"1","name":"SFB 901"},{"_id":"2","name":"SFB 901 - Project Area A"}],"_id":"5330","user_id":"477","department":[{"_id":"205"},{"_id":"475"}],"article_type":"review","article_number":"e0207172","file_date_updated":"2018-11-13T20:51:34Z","funded_apc":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1932-6203"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Fahr, R., Haake, C.-J., &#38; Recker, S. (2018). Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation when Customer Feedback is Inaccurate. <i>PLoS ONE</i>, <i>13</i>(11). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172</a>","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, C.-J. Haake, S. Recker, PLoS ONE 13 (2018).","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation When Customer Feedback Is Inaccurate.” <i>PLoS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 11, e0207172, Public Library of Science, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172\">10.1371/journal.pone.0207172</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Fahr_Haake_Recker_2018, title={Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation when Customer Feedback is Inaccurate}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172\">10.1371/journal.pone.0207172</a>}, number={11e0207172}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Fahr, Rene and Haake, Claus-Jochen and Recker, Sonja}, year={2018} }","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Fahr R, Haake C-J, Recker S. Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation when Customer Feedback is Inaccurate. <i>PLoS ONE</i>. 2018;13(11). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172\">10.1371/journal.pone.0207172</a>","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, C.-J. Haake, and S. Recker, “Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation when Customer Feedback is Inaccurate,” <i>PLoS ONE</i>, vol. 13, no. 11, 2018.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Rene Fahr, Claus-Jochen Haake, and Sonja Recker. “Maintaining vs. Milking Good Reputation When Customer Feedback Is Inaccurate.” <i>PLoS ONE</i> 13, no. 11 (2018). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207172</a>."},"intvolume":"        13","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:01:50Z","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud"},{"full_name":"Fahr, Rene","id":"111","last_name":"Fahr","first_name":"Rene"},{"first_name":"Claus-Jochen","full_name":"Haake, Claus-Jochen","id":"20801","last_name":"Haake"},{"last_name":"Recker","full_name":"Recker, Sonja","first_name":"Sonja"}],"volume":13,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0207172"},{"date_created":"2017-12-15T11:24:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Oktay","full_name":"Sürücü, Oktay","last_name":"Sürücü"},{"last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","first_name":"Behnud"},{"full_name":"Brangewitz, Sonja","last_name":"Brangewitz","first_name":"Sonja"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:50:44Z","publisher":"Universität Paderborn","title":"Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"short":"O. Sürücü, B. Mir Djawadi, S. Brangewitz, Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries, Universität Paderborn, 2017.","mla":"Sürücü, Oktay, et al. <i>Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries</i>. Universität Paderborn, 2017.","bibtex":"@book{Sürücü_Mir Djawadi_Brangewitz_2017, title={Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries}, publisher={Universität Paderborn}, author={Sürücü, Oktay and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Brangewitz, Sonja}, year={2017} }","apa":"Sürücü, O., Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; Brangewitz, S. (2017). <i>Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries</i>. Universität Paderborn.","ama":"Sürücü O, Mir Djawadi B, Brangewitz S. <i>Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries</i>. Universität Paderborn; 2017.","ieee":"O. Sürücü, B. Mir Djawadi, and S. Brangewitz, <i>Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries</i>. Universität Paderborn, 2017.","chicago":"Sürücü, Oktay, Behnud Mir Djawadi, and Sonja Brangewitz. <i>Asymmetric Dominance Effect with Multiple Decoys for Low- and High-Variance Lotteries</i>. Universität Paderborn, 2017."},"year":"2017","user_id":"477","department":[{"_id":"205"},{"_id":"179"}],"project":[{"_id":"1","name":"SFB 901"},{"_id":"2","name":"SFB 901 - Project Area A"},{"_id":"7","name":"SFB 901 - Subproject A3"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Subproject A4","_id":"8"}],"_id":"1057","file_date_updated":"2018-11-06T15:27:20Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["330"],"type":"report","file":[{"date_updated":"2018-11-06T15:27:20Z","creator":"bhoyer","date_created":"2018-11-06T15:27:20Z","file_size":260633,"file_name":"SSRN-id2959997.pdf","file_id":"5386","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"status":"public"},{"type":"working_paper","status":"public","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2026-02-06T14:09:02Z","creator":"bdjawadi","date_created":"2026-02-06T14:09:02Z","file_size":831017,"file_name":"dp10190_2016.pdf","access_level":"closed","file_id":"63916"}],"department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"26032","series_title":"IZA Discussion Paper ","_id":"63915","file_date_updated":"2026-02-06T14:09:02Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["330"],"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Bartuli, Jenny, Behnud Mir Djawadi, and Fahr René. <i>Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality</i>. Vol. No. 10190. IZA Discussion Paper , 2016.","ieee":"J. Bartuli, B. Mir Djawadi, and F. René, <i>Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality</i>, vol. No. 10190. 2016.","ama":"Bartuli J, Mir Djawadi B, René F. <i>Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality</i>. Vol No. 10190.; 2016.","apa":"Bartuli, J., Mir Djawadi, B., &#38; René, F. (2016). <i>Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality: Vol. No. 10190</i>.","mla":"Bartuli, Jenny, et al. <i>Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality</i>. 2016.","bibtex":"@book{Bartuli_Mir Djawadi_René_2016, series={IZA Discussion Paper }, title={Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality}, volume={No. 10190}, author={Bartuli, Jenny and Mir Djawadi, Behnud and René, Fahr}, year={2016}, collection={IZA Discussion Paper } }","short":"J. Bartuli, B. Mir Djawadi, F. René, Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality, 2016."},"year":"2016","volume":"No. 10190","date_created":"2026-02-06T14:07:08Z","author":[{"full_name":"Bartuli, Jenny","last_name":"Bartuli","first_name":"Jenny"},{"first_name":"Behnud","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi"},{"first_name":"Fahr","full_name":"René, Fahr","last_name":"René"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:11:33Z","title":"Business Ethics in Organizations: An Experimental Examination of Whistleblowing and Personality"},{"publication":"SSRN Electronic Journal","type":"journal_article","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"26032","_id":"63914","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1556-5068"]},"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Fahr R, Turk F. Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. Published online 2016. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, and F. Turk, “Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach,” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2016, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, René Fahr, and Florian Turk. “Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>.","apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Fahr, R., &#38; Turk, F. (2016). Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach.” <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>, Elsevier BV, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>.","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, F. Turk, SSRN Electronic Journal (2016).","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Fahr_Turk_2016, title={Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713058\">10.2139/ssrn.2713058</a>}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Fahr, René and Turk, Florian}, year={2016} }"},"year":"2016","author":[{"first_name":"Behnud","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi"},{"full_name":"Fahr, René","id":"111","last_name":"Fahr","first_name":"René"},{"last_name":"Turk","full_name":"Turk, Florian","first_name":"Florian"}],"date_created":"2026-02-06T14:01:42Z","date_updated":"2026-03-27T16:12:10Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2713058","title":"Tailored Financial Incentives to Fight Medical Non-Persistence in Therapeutic Treatment: A Behavioral Economic Engineering Approach"},{"publication":"Journal of Economic Psychology","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University ‘‘Open House Day’’, our ‘‘gumball-machineexperiment’’ provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","file":[{"creator":"florida","date_created":"2018-03-21T10:33:10Z","date_updated":"2018-03-21T10:33:10Z","access_level":"closed","file_id":"1505","file_name":"228-1-s2.0-S016748701500029X-main.pdf","file_size":1341791,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"_id":"228","project":[{"_id":"1","name":"SFB 901"},{"_id":"8","name":"SFB 901 - Subprojekt A4"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Project Area A","_id":"2"}],"department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"477","ddc":["040"],"file_date_updated":"2018-03-21T10:33:10Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2015","page":"48-59","citation":{"mla":"Fahr, Rene, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “‘…and They Are Really Lying’: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic Psychology</i>, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 48–59, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002\">10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002</a>.","short":"R. Fahr, B. Mir Djawadi, Journal of Economic Psychology (2015) 48–59.","bibtex":"@article{Fahr_Mir Djawadi_2015, title={“…and they are really lying”: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment.}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002\">10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002</a>}, journal={Journal of Economic Psychology}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Fahr, Rene and Mir Djawadi, Behnud}, year={2015}, pages={48–59} }","apa":"Fahr, R., &#38; Mir Djawadi, B. (2015). “…and they are really lying”: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment. <i>Journal of Economic Psychology</i>, 48–59. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002</a>","ama":"Fahr R, Mir Djawadi B. “…and they are really lying”: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment. <i>Journal of Economic Psychology</i>. 2015:48-59. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002\">10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002</a>","chicago":"Fahr, Rene, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “‘…and They Are Really Lying’: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment.” <i>Journal of Economic Psychology</i>, 2015, 48–59. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002</a>.","ieee":"R. Fahr and B. Mir Djawadi, “‘…and they are really lying’: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment.,” <i>Journal of Economic Psychology</i>, pp. 48–59, 2015."},"publisher":"Elsevier","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:55:41Z","date_created":"2017-10-17T12:41:36Z","author":[{"last_name":"Fahr","id":"111","full_name":"Fahr, Rene","first_name":"Rene"},{"first_name":"Behnud","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","last_name":"Mir Djawadi","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","id":"26032"}],"title":"“…and they are really lying”: Clean Evidence on the Pervasiveness of Cheating in Professional Contexts from a Field Experiment.","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2015.03.002"},{"publication":"Value in Health","type":"journal_article","status":"public","file":[{"date_created":"2018-11-02T15:44:35Z","creator":"ups","date_updated":"2018-11-02T15:44:35Z","file_name":"DjawadiFahr.pdf","access_level":"closed","file_id":"5311","file_size":716934,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"BackgroundMedical nonpersistence is a worldwide problem of striking magnitude. Although many fields of studies including epidemiology, sociology, and psychology try to identify determinants for medical nonpersistence, comprehensive research to explain medical nonpersistence from an economics perspective is rather scarce.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to develop a conceptual framework that augments standard economic choice theory with psychological concepts of behavioral economics to understand how patients’ preferences for discontinuing with therapy arise over the course of the medical treatment. The availability of such a framework allows the targeted design of mechanisms for intervention strategies.MethodsOur conceptual framework models the patient as an active economic agent who evaluates the benefits and costs for continuing with therapy. We argue that a combination of loss aversion and mental accounting operations explains why patients discontinue with therapy at a specific point in time. We designed a randomized laboratory economic experiment with a student subject pool to investigate the behavioral predictions.ResultsSubjects continue with therapy as long as experienced utility losses have to be compensated. As soon as previous losses are evened out, subjects perceive the marginal benefit of persistence lower than in the beginning of the treatment. Consequently, subjects start to discontinue with therapy.ConclusionsOur results highlight that concepts of behavioral economics capture the dynamic structure of medical nonpersistence better than does standard economic choice theory. We recommend that behavioral economics should be a mandatory part of the development of possible intervention strategies aimed at improving patients’ compliance and persistence behavior."}],"department":[{"_id":"179"}],"user_id":"477","_id":"444","project":[{"_id":"1","name":"SFB 901"},{"_id":"8","name":"SFB 901 - Subprojekt A4"},{"name":"SFB 901 - Project Area A","_id":"2"}],"file_date_updated":"2018-11-02T15:44:35Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"issue":"8","has_accepted_license":"1","page":"814-822","citation":{"apa":"Mir Djawadi, B., Fahr, R., &#38; Turk, F. (2014). Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change. <i>Value in Health</i>, (8), 814–822. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669</a>","mla":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, et al. “Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change.” <i>Value in Health</i>, no. 8, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 814–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669\">10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669</a>.","short":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, F. Turk, Value in Health (2014) 814–822.","bibtex":"@article{Mir Djawadi_Fahr_Turk_2014, title={Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669\">10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669</a>}, number={8}, journal={Value in Health}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Fahr, Rene and Turk, Florian}, year={2014}, pages={814–822} }","ama":"Mir Djawadi B, Fahr R, Turk F. Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change. <i>Value in Health</i>. 2014;(8):814-822. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669\">10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669</a>","ieee":"B. Mir Djawadi, R. Fahr, and F. Turk, “Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change,” <i>Value in Health</i>, no. 8, pp. 814–822, 2014.","chicago":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud, Rene Fahr, and Florian Turk. “Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change.” <i>Value in Health</i>, no. 8 (2014): 814–22. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669</a>."},"year":"2014","date_created":"2017-10-17T12:42:18Z","author":[{"last_name":"Mir Djawadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6271-5912","id":"26032","full_name":"Mir Djawadi, Behnud","first_name":"Behnud"},{"id":"111","full_name":"Fahr, Rene","last_name":"Fahr","first_name":"Rene"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Turk","full_name":"Turk, Florian"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:01:04Z","doi":"10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2669","title":"Conceptual Model and Economic Experiments to Explain Nonpersistence and Enable Mechanism Designs Fosterin Behavioral Change"}]