[{"abstract":[{"text":"Self-piercing riveting is an established joining technique for lightweight materials. To increase the sustainability of the rivet manufacturing process, the authors of the present paper have developed an approach for shortening the process chain by omitting the heat treatment and rivet coating. To do this, use is made of high nitrogen steel as the rivet material. Successful joining with these rivets has already been proven, and it has also been shown that a competitive joint strength can be achieved with these rivets. Up until now, no studies have been conducted of the corrosion behaviour of uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel compared to conventional rivets made of heat-treatable steel with a coating of Almac® or zinc-nickel with topcoat, and the corrosion behaviour of joints manufactured with these rivets has also not been investigated. Furthermore, the suitability of rivets in high nitrogen steel for structures undergoing cathodic dip painting has not been evaluated to date. These are therefore the aims of the research work presented in this paper. Corrosion behaviour is tested by exposing rivets and joints to a salt spray atmosphere. Cross-cut tests are conducted in order to classify the adhesion of cathodic dip paint to the different rivet surfaces and materials. The results of the experimental test show that the cathodic dip paint has sufficient adhesion to the uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel and that these rivets can therefore be used in the manufacture of car bodies. Due to the stainless properties of the high nitrogen steel, better corrosion resistance is seen by comparison to the commonly used coatings of Almac® and zinc-nickel with topcoat. A study of the corrosion behaviour of the joints shows that the rivet head diameter and rivet head position, in particular, are decisive for preventing crevice corrosion under the rivet head and contact corrosion within the joint. ","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Production Engineering","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"51116","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"user_id":"53912","year":"2024","citation":{"apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2024). Corrosion behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints with uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel. <i>Production Engineering</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Corrosion behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints with uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel. <i>Production Engineering</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, Production Engineering (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2024, title={Corrosion behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints with uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>}, journal={Production Engineering}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2024} }","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Corrosion Behaviour of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints with Uncoated Rivets in High Nitrogen Steel.” <i>Production Engineering</i>, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Corrosion Behaviour of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints with Uncoated Rivets in High Nitrogen Steel.” <i>Production Engineering</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>.","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Corrosion behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints with uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel,” <i>Production Engineering</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6\">10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Corrosion behaviour of self-piercing riveted joints with uncoated rivets in high nitrogen steel","doi":"10.1007/s11740-024-01262-6","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:06:00Z","date_created":"2024-02-01T15:51:01Z","author":[{"full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131","last_name":"Uhe","first_name":"Benedikt"},{"last_name":"Kuball","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein","first_name":"Marion"},{"id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut","first_name":"Gerson"}]},{"status":"public","editor":[{"last_name":"Mocellin","full_name":"Mocellin, Katia","first_name":"Katia"},{"first_name":"Pierre-Olivier","last_name":"Bouchard","full_name":"Bouchard, Pierre-Olivier"},{"last_name":"Bigot","full_name":"Bigot,  Régis","first_name":" Régis"},{"last_name":"Balan","full_name":"Balan, Tudor","first_name":"Tudor"}],"type":"conference","user_id":"53912","series_title":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"_id":"48585","citation":{"ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material,” in <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.</i>, 2023, vol. 3, pp. 64–71, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-Piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material.” In <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.</i>, edited by Katia Mocellin, Pierre-Olivier Bouchard,  Régis Bigot, and Tudor Balan, 3:64–71. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>.","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material. In: Mocellin K, Bouchard P-O, Bigot  Régis, Balan T, eds. <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.</i> Vol 3. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer; 2023:64-71. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2023, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.}, title={Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.}, publisher={Springer}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, editor={Mocellin, Katia and Bouchard, Pierre-Olivier and Bigot,  Régis and Balan, Tudor}, year={2023}, pages={64–71}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, in: K. Mocellin, P.-O. Bouchard,  Régis Bigot, T. Balan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity., Springer, Cham, 2023, pp. 64–71.","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-Piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material.” <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.</i>, edited by Katia Mocellin et al., vol. 3, Springer, 2023, pp. 64–71, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>.","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2023). Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material. In K. Mocellin, P.-O. Bouchard,  Régis Bigot, &#38; T. Balan (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.</i> (Vol. 3, pp. 64–71). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8</a>"},"intvolume":"         3","page":"64-71","place":"Cham","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_8","author":[{"last_name":"Uhe","id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","first_name":"Benedikt"},{"full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein","first_name":"Marion"},{"first_name":"Gerson","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246"}],"volume":3,"date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:07:14Z","abstract":[{"text":"The use of stainless steel with high strain hardening as material for self-piercing rivets is a promising approach to shorten the manufacturing process. Due to the corrosion resistance of the material and the achieved high strength within the forming process, the heat treatment and the coating can be omitted. As the strength within the rivet material is achieved by cold forming, the strength distribution within the rivet remains intact after the manufacturing process. The aim of the contribution presented is the exploitation of the potential of this strength distribution to improve the performance of the self-piercing rivets. Therefore, the scope of the examination is on the analysis of the influence of the local strength on the deformation behaviour of the rivet during joining. While it is unfeasible to manufacture rivets with any desired strength distribution, numerical simulation offers an efficient opportunity to study the effects of varying local strengths. By using a definable true strain distribution within the rivet as presetting for the simulation, different strength distributions can be modelled. Through the simulation of the joining process, the deformation behaviour of the rivet can be examined. Based on the insights of this analysis, a strength distribution is created that supports the joining of challenging material combinations consisting of high strength steel and aluminium. Finally, the approach is verified by experimental joining tests.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Controlled Rivet Deformation During Self-piercing Riveting Through a Tailored Strength Distribution Within the Rivet Material","date_created":"2023-11-02T08:06:11Z","publisher":"Springer"},{"title":"Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets","date_created":"2023-11-02T07:58:35Z","publisher":"MDPI AG","year":"2023","issue":"6","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering","Mechanical Engineering","Mechanics of Materials"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The sustainability of the manufacturing industry is of special importance to increase the protection of the environment. The production of fasteners like self-piercing rivets, however, is costly, time-consuming and energy-intensive. The heat treatment and the coating, which are mandatory in conventional self-piercing rivets to achieve adequate strength, ductility and corrosion resistance, are especially crucial in this respect. Within this paper, an approach for an increase in the sustainability in fastener production is presented. The use of alternative, high strain hardening stainless steels as rivet material enables a shortening of the process chain, because post treatment of the rivets after they are formed can be omitted. As the change in rivet material and processing causes some issues along the process chain, the focus of this paper is on the holistic evaluation of the challenges within the forming of high strain hardening steel and the impact of the changed rivet properties on the joining result."}],"publication":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","doi":"10.3390/jmmp7060193","author":[{"id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","first_name":"Benedikt"},{"first_name":"Clara-Maria","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball"},{"full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein","first_name":"Marion"},{"first_name":"Gerson","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson"}],"volume":7,"date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:16:17Z","citation":{"ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets,” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, vol. 7, no. 6, Art. no. 193, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets.” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i> 7, no. 6 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets. <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>. 2023;7(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>","bibtex":"@article{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2023, title={Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>}, number={6193}, journal={Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2023} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7 (2023).","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets.” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, vol. 7, no. 6, 193, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2023). Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets. <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, <i>7</i>(6), Article 193. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>"},"intvolume":"         7","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2504-4494"]},"article_number":"193","user_id":"38131","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"_id":"48584","status":"public","type":"journal_article"},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Approach for a Sustainable Process Chain in Manufacturing of Fasteners for Mechanical Joining.” Millersville, PA, USA: Materials Research Proceedings, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>.","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining,” presented at the 20th International Conference on Sheet Metal (SheMet) 2023, Nürnberg, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2023, place={Millersville, PA, USA}, title={Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>}, publisher={Materials Research Proceedings}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2023} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, in: Materials Research Proceedings, Millersville, PA, USA, 2023.","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. <i>Approach for a Sustainable Process Chain in Manufacturing of Fasteners for Mechanical Joining</i>. Materials Research Proceedings, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>.","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2023). <i>Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining</i>. 20th International Conference on Sheet Metal (SheMet) 2023, Nürnberg. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining. In: Materials Research Proceedings; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-49\">10.21741/9781644902417-49</a>"},"place":"Millersville, PA, USA","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-04-27T10:56:34Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benedikt","id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe"},{"last_name":"Kuball","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"last_name":"Merklein","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","first_name":"Marion"},{"id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","first_name":"Gerson"}],"publisher":"Materials Research Proceedings","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:19:07Z","conference":{"end_date":"2023-04-05","location":"Nürnberg","name":"20th International Conference on Sheet Metal (SheMet) 2023","start_date":"2023-04-02"},"doi":"10.21741/9781644902417-49","title":"Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining","type":"conference","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With regard to environmental protection, the sustainability of production processes is decisive. Mechanical joining technologies like self-piercing riveting are of special importance with regard to realising lightweight constructions in the automotive industry. However, the production of self-piercing rivets is costly, time-consuming and energy-intensive, as the rivets conventionally must be heat treated and coated in order to ensure an adequate strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. Within this paper, it is shown by the example of a newly established rivet manufacturing process how the sustainability of fastener production can be increased. The general approach in this context is the use of alternative, high strain hardening stainless steels as rivet material, which allows the omission of the post treatment of the rivets after forming. The shortening of the process chain enables a more sustainable rivet production. Thus, not only the energy consumption is reduced, but also costs, which is why the novel manufacturing process is also of interest from an economic point of view."}],"user_id":"53912","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"_id":"44220","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_number":"193","_id":"64777","user_id":"53912","citation":{"apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2023). Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets. <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, <i>7</i>(6), Article 193. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>","bibtex":"@article{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2023, title={Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>}, number={6193}, journal={Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2023} }","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets.” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, vol. 7, no. 6, 193, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7 (2023).","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets,” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>, vol. 7, no. 6, Art. no. 193, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets.” <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i> 7, no. 6 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>.","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets. <i>Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</i>. 2023;7(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7060193\">10.3390/jmmp7060193</a>"},"intvolume":"         7","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2504-4494"]},"doi":"10.3390/jmmp7060193","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:13:37Z","author":[{"last_name":"Uhe","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131","first_name":"Benedikt"},{"full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"last_name":"Merklein","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","first_name":"Marion"},{"first_name":"Gerson","id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut"}],"volume":7,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The sustainability of the manufacturing industry is of special importance to increase the protection of the environment. The production of fasteners like self-piercing rivets, however, is costly, time-consuming and energy-intensive. The heat treatment and the coating, which are mandatory in conventional self-piercing rivets to achieve adequate strength, ductility and corrosion resistance, are especially crucial in this respect. Within this paper, an approach for an increase in the sustainability in fastener production is presented. The use of alternative, high strain hardening stainless steels as rivet material enables a shortening of the process chain, because post treatment of the rivets after they are formed can be omitted. As the change in rivet material and processing causes some issues along the process chain, the focus of this paper is on the holistic evaluation of the challenges within the forming of high strain hardening steel and the impact of the changed rivet properties on the joining result."}],"publication":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"6","title":"Increased Sustainability in Fastener Production with the Example of Self-Piercing Rivets","publisher":"MDPI AG","date_created":"2026-02-27T10:11:02Z"},{"year":"2022","citation":{"apa":"Kuball, C.-M., Uhe, B., Meschut, G., &#38; Merklein, M. (2022). Process-adapted temperature application within a two-stage rivet forming process for high nitrogen steel. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications</i>, 1–17. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kuball_Uhe_Meschut_Merklein_2022, title={Process-adapted temperature application within a two-stage rivet forming process for high nitrogen steel}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">10.1177/14644207211068693</a>}, journal={Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications}, author={Kuball, Clara-Maria and Uhe, Benedikt and Meschut, Gerson and Merklein, Marion}, year={2022}, pages={1–17} }","mla":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, et al. “Process-Adapted Temperature Application within a Two-Stage Rivet Forming Process for High Nitrogen Steel.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications</i>, 2022, pp. 1–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">10.1177/14644207211068693</a>.","short":"C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, M. Merklein, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications (2022) 1–17.","ieee":"C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, and M. Merklein, “Process-adapted temperature application within a two-stage rivet forming process for high nitrogen steel,” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications</i>, pp. 1–17, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">10.1177/14644207211068693</a>.","chicago":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, Benedikt Uhe, Gerson Meschut, and Marion Merklein. “Process-Adapted Temperature Application within a Two-Stage Rivet Forming Process for High Nitrogen Steel.” <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications</i>, 2022, 1–17. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693</a>.","ama":"Kuball C-M, Uhe B, Meschut G, Merklein M. Process-adapted temperature application within a two-stage rivet forming process for high nitrogen steel. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications</i>. Published online 2022:1-17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211068693\">10.1177/14644207211068693</a>"},"page":"1-17","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1464-4207"]},"title":"Process-adapted temperature application within a two-stage rivet forming process for high nitrogen steel","doi":"10.1177/14644207211068693","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:21:22Z","author":[{"first_name":"Clara-Maria","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball"},{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131"},{"full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut","first_name":"Gerson"},{"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Merklein","full_name":"Merklein, Marion"}],"date_created":"2022-04-07T06:52:04Z","abstract":[{"text":"Mechanical joining technologies like self-piercing riveting are gaining importance with regard to environmental protection, as they enable multi-material design and lightweight construction. A new approach is the use of high nitrogen steel as rivet material, which allows to omit the usually necessary heat treatment and coating and thus leads to a shortening of the process chain. Due to the high strain hardening, however, high tool loads must be expected. Thus, appropriate forming strategies are needed. Within this contribution, the influence of applying different temperatures for each forming stage in a two-stage rivet forming process using the high nitrogen steel 1.3815 is investigated. The findings provide a basic understanding of the influence of the temperature management when forming high nitrogen steel. For this purpose, the rivets are not formed at the same temperature in each stage, but an elevated temperature is applied selectively. Different process routes are investigated. First, cups are manufactured in stage 1 at room temperature, followed by stage 2 at 200°C. Second, cups are formed in stage 1 at 200°C and used for stage 2 at room temperature. By comparing the findings with results when applying the same temperature in both stages, it is shown that the temperature during the first forming operation has an effect on the forming behaviour during the second forming stage. The required forming forces and the resulting rivet hardness can be influenced by process-adapted temperature application. Furthermore, the causes for the temperature impact on the residual cup thickness in stage 1 are evaluated by a cause and effect analysis, which provides a deeper process understanding. The thermal expansion of the tool and the billet as well as the improved forming behaviour at 200°C are identified as the main influencing causes on the achieved residual cup thickness.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"30847","user_id":"53912","department":[{"_id":"157"}]},{"place":"Cham","year":"2021","citation":{"ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening,” in <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i>, G. Daehn, J. Cao, B. Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, and Y. Yoshida, Eds. Cham: Springer, 2021, pp. 1495–1506.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening.” In <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i>, edited by Glenn Daehn, Jian Cao, Brad Kinsey, Erman Tekkaya, Anupam Vivek, and Yoshinori Yoshida, 1495–1506. Cham: Springer, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>.","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening. In: Daehn G, Cao J, Kinsey B, Tekkaya E, Vivek A, Yoshida Y, eds. <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i> Springer; 2021:1495-1506. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124\">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>","bibtex":"@inbook{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2021, place={Cham}, title={Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124\">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>}, booktitle={Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.}, publisher={Springer}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, editor={Daehn, Glenn and Cao, Jian and Kinsey, Brad and Tekkaya, Erman and Vivek, Anupam and Yoshida, Yoshinori}, year={2021}, pages={1495–1506} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, in: G. Daehn, J. Cao, B. Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, Y. Yoshida (Eds.), Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series., Springer, Cham, 2021, pp. 1495–1506.","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening.” <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i>, edited by Glenn Daehn et al., Springer, 2021, pp. 1495–506, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124\">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>.","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2021). Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening. In G. Daehn, J. Cao, B. Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, &#38; Y. Yoshida (Eds.), <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i> (pp. 1495–1506). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>"},"page":"1495-1506","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124","publisher":"Springer","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:40:39Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131"},{"first_name":"Clara-Maria","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball"},{"first_name":"Marion","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein"},{"first_name":"Gerson","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056"}],"date_created":"2021-08-04T14:02:32Z","editor":[{"last_name":"Daehn","full_name":"Daehn, Glenn","first_name":"Glenn"},{"first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Cao, Jian","last_name":"Cao"},{"full_name":"Kinsey, Brad","last_name":"Kinsey","first_name":"Brad"},{"first_name":"Erman","full_name":"Tekkaya, Erman","last_name":"Tekkaya"},{"full_name":"Vivek, Anupam","last_name":"Vivek","first_name":"Anupam"},{"last_name":"Yoshida","full_name":"Yoshida, Yoshinori","first_name":"Yoshinori"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Self-piercing riveting is an established technique for joining multi-material structures in car body manufacturing. Rivets for self-piercing riveting differ in their geometry, the material used, the condition of the material and their surface condition. To shorten the manufacturing process by omitting the heat treatment and the coating process, the authors have elaborated a concept for the use of stainless steel with high strain hardening as a rivet material. The focus of the present investigation is on the evaluation of the influences of the rivet’s geometry and material on its deformation behaviour. Conventional rivets of types P and HD2, a rivet with an improved geometry made of treatable steel 38B2, and rivets made of the stainless steels 1.3815 and 1.4541 are examined. The analysis is conducted by means of multi-step joining tests for two material combinations comprising high-strength steel HCT70X and aluminium EN AW-5083. The joints are cut to provide a cross-section and the deformation behaviour of the different rivets is analysed on the basis of the measured changes in geometry and hardness. In parallel, an examination of the force-stroke curves provides further insights. It can be demonstrated that, besides the geometry, the material strength, in particular, has a significant influence on the deformation behaviour of the rivet. The strength of steel 1.4541 is seen to be too low for the joining task, while the strength of steel 1.3815 is sufficient, and hence the investigation confirms the capability of rivets made of 1.3815 for joining even challenging material combinations."}],"status":"public","type":"book_chapter","publication":"Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series.","keyword":["Self-piercing riveting","Lightweight design","Deformation behaviour","Stainless steel","High nitrogen steel"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"22930","user_id":"53912","department":[{"_id":"157"}]},{"citation":{"ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Strength of self-piercing riveted Joints with conventional Rivets and Rivets made of High Nitrogen Steel. In: ; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2021). <i>Strength of self-piercing riveted Joints with conventional Rivets and Rivets made of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. 24th International Conference on Material Forming (ESAFORM), Liège, Belgien. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. <i>Strength of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints with Conventional Rivets and Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2021, title={Strength of self-piercing riveted Joints with conventional Rivets and Rivets made of High Nitrogen Steel}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2021} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, in: 2021.","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Strength of self-piercing riveted Joints with conventional Rivets and Rivets made of High Nitrogen Steel,” presented at the 24th International Conference on Material Forming (ESAFORM), Liège, Belgien, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Strength of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints with Conventional Rivets and Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel,” 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911\">https://doi.org/10.25518/esaform21.1911</a>."},"year":"2021","quality_controlled":"1","conference":{"name":"24th International Conference on Material Forming (ESAFORM)","start_date":"2021-04-14","end_date":"2021-04-16","location":"Liège, Belgien"},"doi":"10.25518/esaform21.1911","title":"Strength of self-piercing riveted Joints with conventional Rivets and Rivets made of High Nitrogen Steel","date_created":"2021-05-31T10:17:37Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt"},{"full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Merklein","full_name":"Merklein, Marion"},{"last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","first_name":"Gerson"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:25:13Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"The use of high-strength steel and aluminium is rising due to the intensified efforts being made in lightweight design, and self-piercing riveting is becoming increasingly important. Conventional rivets for self-piercing riveting differ in their geometry, the material used, the condition of the material and the coating. To shorten the manufacturing process, the use of stainless steel with high strain hardening as the rivet material represents a promising approach. This allows the coating of the rivets to be omitted due to the corrosion resistance of the material and, since the strength of the stainless steel is achieved by cold forming, heat treatment is no longer required. In addition, it is possible to adjust the local strength within the rivet. Because of that, the authors have elaborated a concept for using high nitrogen steel 1.3815 as the rivet material. The present investigation focusses on the joint strength in order to evaluate the capability of rivets in high nitrogen steel by comparison to conventional rivets made of treatable steel. Due to certain challenges in the forming process of the high nitrogen steel rivets, deviations result from the targeted rivet geometry. Mainly these deviations cause a lower joint strength with these rivets, which is, however, adequate. All in all, the capability of the new rivet is proven by the results of this investigation. ","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Self-piercing Riveting","Joining Technology","Rivet Geometry","Rivet Material","High Nitrogen Steel","Joint Strength"],"department":[{"_id":"157"}],"user_id":"53912","_id":"22274"},{"year":"2021","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2021, title={Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting}, volume={883}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>}, journal={Key Engineering Materials}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2021}, pages={11–18} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, Key Engineering Materials 883 (2021) 11–18.","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting.” <i>Key Engineering Materials</i>, vol. 883, 2021, pp. 11–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>.","apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2021). Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting. <i>Key Engineering Materials</i>, <i>883</i>, 11–18. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting. <i>Key Engineering Materials</i>. 2021;883:11-18. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting,” <i>Key Engineering Materials</i>, vol. 883, pp. 11–18, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting.” <i>Key Engineering Materials</i> 883 (2021): 11–18. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11\">https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11</a>."},"page":"11-18","intvolume":"       883","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Influence of the Rivet Coating on the Friction during Self-Piercing Riveting","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.11","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:23:33Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131"},{"full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"last_name":"Merklein","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","first_name":"Marion"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","first_name":"Gerson"}],"date_created":"2021-05-31T10:06:11Z","volume":883,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The number of multi-material joints is increasing as a result of lightweight design. Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is an important mechanical joining technique for multi-material structures. Rivets for SPR are coated to prevent corrosion, but this coating also influences the friction that prevails during the joining process. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate this influence. The investigation focuses on the common rivet coatings Almac® and zinc-nickel with topcoat as well as on uncoated rivet surfaces. First of all, the coating thickness and the uniformity of the coating distribution are analysed. Friction tests facilitate the classification of the surface properties. The influence of the friction on the characteristic joint parameters and the force-stroke curves is analysed by means of experimental joining tests. More in-depth knowledge of the effects that occur is achieved through the use of numerical simulation. Overall, it is shown that the surface condition of the rivet has an impact on the friction during the joining process and on the resulting joint. However, the detected deviations between different surface conditions do not restrict the operational capability of SPR and the properties of uncoated rivet surfaces, in particular, are similar to those of Almac®-coated rivets. It can thus be assumed that SPR with respect to the joining process is also possible without rivet coating in principle."}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Key Engineering Materials","keyword":["Coating","Friction","Joining"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"22272","user_id":"53912","department":[{"_id":"157"}]},{"keyword":["high nitrogen steel","self-piercing riveting","joining by forming","bulk forming","tool design"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"19976","user_id":"53912","series_title":"Procedia Manufacturing","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"editor":[{"first_name":"Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria"},{"last_name":"Uhe","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","id":"38131","first_name":"Benedikt"},{"first_name":"Gerson","id":"32056","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut"},{"first_name":"Marion","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The aim to reduce pollutant emission has led to a trend towards lightweight construction in car body development during the last years. As a consequence of the resulting need for multi-material design, mechanical joining technologies become increasingly important. Mechanical joining allows for the combination of dissimilar materials, while thermic joining techniques reach their limits. Self-piercing riveting enables the joining of dissimilar materials by using semi-tubular rivets as mechanical fasteners. The rivet production, however, is costly and time-consuming, as the rivets generally have to be hardened, tempered and coated after forming, in order to achieve an adequate strength and corrosion resistance. A promising approach to improve the efficiency of the rivet manufacturing is the use of high-strength high nitrogen steel as rivet material because these additional process steps would not be necessary anymore. As a result of the comparatively high nitrogen content, such steels have various beneficial properties like higher strength, good ductility and improved corrosion resistance. By cold bulk forming of high nitrogen steels high-strength parts can be manufactured due to the strengthening which is caused by the high strain hardening. However, high tool loads thereby have to be expected and are a major challenge during the production process. Consequently, there is a need for appropriate forming strategies. This paper presents key aspects concerning the process design for the manufacturing of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high-strength steel. The aim is to produce the rivets in several forming stages without intermediate heat treatment between the single stages. Due to the high strain hardening of the material, a two stage forming concept will be investigated. Cup-backward extrusion is chosen as the first process step in order to form the rivet shank without forming the rivet foot. Thus, the strain hardening effects in the area of the rivet foot are minimized and the tool loads during the following process step can be reduced. During the second and final forming stage the detailed geometry of the rivet foot and the rivet head is formed. In this context, the effect of different variations, for example concerning the final geometry of the rivet foot, on the tool load is investigated using multistage numerical analysis. Furthermore, the influence of the process temperature on occurring stresses is analysed. Based on the results of the investigations, an adequate forming strategy and a tool concept for the manufacturing of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high-strength steel are presented.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"conference_editor","title":"Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel","doi":"10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:43:48Z","date_created":"2020-10-12T08:30:08Z","volume":50,"year":"2020","citation":{"ama":"Kuball C-M, Uhe B, Meschut G, Merklein M, eds. <i>Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. Vol 50.; 2020:280-285. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052\">10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052</a>","chicago":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, Benedikt Uhe, Gerson Meschut, and Marion Merklein, eds. <i>Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. Vol. 50. Procedia Manufacturing, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052</a>.","ieee":"C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, and M. Merklein, Eds., <i>Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel</i>, vol. 50. 2020, pp. 280–285.","bibtex":"@book{Kuball_Uhe_Meschut_Merklein_2020, series={Procedia Manufacturing}, title={Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel}, volume={50}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052\">10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052</a>}, year={2020}, pages={280–285}, collection={Procedia Manufacturing} }","short":"C.-M. Kuball, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, M. Merklein, eds., Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel, 2020.","mla":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, et al., editors. <i>Process Design for the Forming of Semi-Tubular Self-Piercing Rivets Made of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. 2020, pp. 280–85, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052\">10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052</a>.","apa":"Kuball, C.-M., Uhe, B., Meschut, G., &#38; Merklein, M. (Eds.). (2020). <i>Process design for the forming of semi-tubular self-piercing rivets made of high nitrogen steel</i> (Vol. 50, pp. 280–285). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.052</a>"},"page":"280-285","intvolume":"        50","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1"},{"department":[{"_id":"157"}],"user_id":"53912","_id":"19973","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Self-piercing riveting","Joining technology","Rivet geometry","Multi-material design","High-strength steel","Aluminium"],"article_type":"original","publication":"Production Engineering","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"As a result of lightweight design, increased use is being made of high-strength steel and aluminium in car bodies. Self-piercing riveting is an established technique for joining these materials. The dissimilar properties of the two materials have led to a number of different rivet geometries in the past. Each rivet geometry fulfils the requirements of the materials within a limited range. In the present investigation, an improved rivet geometry is developed, which permits the reliable joining of two material combinations that could only be joined by two different rivet geometries up until now. Material combination 1 consists of high-strength steel on both sides, while material combination 2 comprises aluminium on the punch side and high-strength steel on the die side. The material flow and the stress and strain conditions prevailing during the joining process are analysed by means of numerical simulation. The rivet geometry is then improved step-by-step on the basis of this analysis. Finally, the improved rivet geometry is manufactured and the findings of the investigation are verified in experimental joining tests.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":14,"date_created":"2020-10-12T08:14:13Z","author":[{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe","id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt"},{"first_name":"Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria"},{"first_name":"Marion","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein"},{"first_name":"Gerson","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","last_name":"Meschut"}],"date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:41:55Z","doi":"10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w","title":"Improvement of a rivet geometry for the self-piercing riveting of high-strength steel and multi-material joints","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","page":"417-423","intvolume":"        14","citation":{"apa":"Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2020). Improvement of a rivet geometry for the self-piercing riveting of high-strength steel and multi-material joints. <i>Production Engineering</i>, <i>14</i>, 417–423. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>","bibtex":"@article{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2020, title={Improvement of a rivet geometry for the self-piercing riveting of high-strength steel and multi-material joints}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>}, journal={Production Engineering}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein, Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, year={2020}, pages={417–423} }","short":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, Production Engineering 14 (2020) 417–423.","mla":"Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Improvement of a Rivet Geometry for the Self-Piercing Riveting of High-Strength Steel and Multi-Material Joints.” <i>Production Engineering</i>, vol. 14, 2020, pp. 417–23, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>.","ieee":"B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Improvement of a rivet geometry for the self-piercing riveting of high-strength steel and multi-material joints,” <i>Production Engineering</i>, vol. 14, pp. 417–423, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>.","chicago":"Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. “Improvement of a Rivet Geometry for the Self-Piercing Riveting of High-Strength Steel and Multi-Material Joints.” <i>Production Engineering</i> 14 (2020): 417–23. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>.","ama":"Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Improvement of a rivet geometry for the self-piercing riveting of high-strength steel and multi-material joints. <i>Production Engineering</i>. 2020;14:417-423. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w\">10.1007/s11740-020-00973-w</a>"},"year":"2020"},{"doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023","title":"Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel","volume":1,"date_created":"2020-10-12T08:23:27Z","date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:45:08Z","intvolume":"         1","citation":{"ama":"Kuball C-M, Jung R, Uhe B, Meschut G, Merklein M, eds. <i>Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. Vol 1.; 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023\">10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023</a>","ieee":"C.-M. Kuball, R. Jung, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, and M. Merklein, Eds., <i>Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel</i>, vol. 1. 2020.","chicago":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, R Jung, Benedikt Uhe, Gerson Meschut, and Marion Merklein, eds. <i>Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. Vol. 1. Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023</a>.","apa":"Kuball, C.-M., Jung, R., Uhe, B., Meschut, G., &#38; Merklein, M. (Eds.). (2020). <i>Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel</i> (No. 100023; Vol. 1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023</a>","bibtex":"@book{Kuball_Jung_Uhe_Meschut_Merklein_2020, series={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, title={Influence of the process temperature on the forming behaviour and the friction during bulk forming of high nitrogen steel}, volume={1}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023\">10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023</a>}, number={100023}, year={2020}, collection={Journal of Advanced Joining Processes} }","short":"C.-M. Kuball, R. Jung, B. Uhe, G. Meschut, M. Merklein, eds., Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel, 2020.","mla":"Kuball, Clara-Maria, et al., editors. <i>Influence of the Process Temperature on the Forming Behaviour and the Friction during Bulk Forming of High Nitrogen Steel</i>. 100023, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023\">10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100023</a>."},"year":"2020","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["High nitrogen steel","Self-piercing riveting","Joining by forming","Bulk forming","Strain hardening"],"article_number":"100023","department":[{"_id":"157"}],"series_title":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","user_id":"53912","_id":"19974","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Due to the trend towards lightweight design in car body development mechanical joining technologies become increasingly important. These techniques allow for the joining of dissimilar materials and thus enable multi-material design, while thermic joining methods reach their limits. Semi-tubular self-piercing riveting is an important mechanical joining technology. The rivet production, however, is costly and time-consuming, as the process consists of several process steps including the heat treatment and coating of the rivets in order to achieve an adequate strength and corrosion resistance. The use of high nitrogen steel as rivet material leads to the possibility of reducing process steps and hence increasing the efficiency of the process. However, the high tool loads being expected due to the high strain hardening of the material are a major challenge during the rivet production. Thus, there is a need for appropriate forming strategies, such as the manufacturing of the rivets at elevated temperatures. Prior investigations led to the conclusion that forming already at 200 °C results in a distinct reduction of the yield strength. To create a deeper understanding of the forming behaviour of high nitrogen steel at elevated temperatures, compression tests were conducted in a temperature range between room temperature and 200 °C. The determined true stress – true strain curves are the basis for the further process and tool design of the rivet production. Another key factor for the rivet manufacturing at elevated temperatures is the influence of the process temperature on the tribological conditions. For this reason, ring compression tests at room temperature and 200 °C are carried out. The friction factors are determined on the basis of calibration curves resulting from the numerical analysis of the ring compression process. The investigations indicate that the friction factor at 200 °C is significantly higher compared to room temperature. This essential fact has to be taken into account for the process and tool design for the rivet production using high nitrogen steel.","lang":"eng"}],"editor":[{"full_name":"Kuball, Clara-Maria","last_name":"Kuball","first_name":"Clara-Maria"},{"last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, R","first_name":"R"},{"first_name":"Benedikt","id":"38131","full_name":"Uhe, Benedikt","last_name":"Uhe"},{"last_name":"Meschut","orcid":"0000-0002-2763-1246","full_name":"Meschut, Gerson","id":"32056","first_name":"Gerson"},{"first_name":"Marion","full_name":"Merklein, Marion","last_name":"Merklein"}],"type":"conference_editor"}]