---
_id: '37338'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
    (MAPbI<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) is renowned for an impressive power conversion efficiency
    rise and cost-effective fabrication for photovoltaics. In this work, we demonstrate
    that polycrystalline MAPbI<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>s undergo drastic changes in optical
    properties at moderate field strengths with an ultrafast response time, via transient
    Wannier Stark localization. The distinct band structure of this material - the
    large lattice periodicity, the narrow electronic energy bandwidths, and the coincidence
    of these two along the same high-symmetry direction – enables relatively weak
    fields to bring this material into the Wannier Stark regime. Its polycrystalline
    nature is not detrimental to the optical switching performance of the material,
    since the least dispersive direction of the band structure dominates the contribution
    to the optical response, which favors low-cost fabrication. Together with the
    outstanding photophysical properties of MAPbI<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, this finding
    highlights the great potential of this material in ultrafast light modulation
    and novel photonic applications.</jats:p>
article_number: '5719'
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Berghoff, Daniel
  id: '38175'
  last_name: Berghoff
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Bühler, Johannes
  last_name: Bühler
- first_name: Mischa
  full_name: Bonn, Mischa
  last_name: Bonn
- first_name: Alfred
  full_name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
  last_name: Leitenstorfer
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Meier, Torsten
  id: '344'
  last_name: Meier
  orcid: 0000-0001-8864-2072
- first_name: Heejae
  full_name: Kim, Heejae
  last_name: Kim
citation:
  ama: Berghoff D, Bühler J, Bonn M, Leitenstorfer A, Meier T, Kim H. Low-field onset
    of Wannier-Stark localization in a polycrystalline hybrid organic inorganic perovskite.
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2021;12(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>
  apa: Berghoff, D., Bühler, J., Bonn, M., Leitenstorfer, A., Meier, T., &#38; Kim,
    H. (2021). Low-field onset of Wannier-Stark localization in a polycrystalline
    hybrid organic inorganic perovskite. <i>Nature Communications</i>, <i>12</i>(1),
    Article 5719. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Berghoff_Bühler_Bonn_Leitenstorfer_Meier_Kim_2021, title={Low-field
    onset of Wannier-Stark localization in a polycrystalline hybrid organic inorganic
    perovskite}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>},
    number={15719}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Berghoff, Daniel and Bühler, Johannes and Bonn, Mischa
    and Leitenstorfer, Alfred and Meier, Torsten and Kim, Heejae}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Berghoff, Daniel, Johannes Bühler, Mischa Bonn, Alfred Leitenstorfer, Torsten
    Meier, and Heejae Kim. “Low-Field Onset of Wannier-Stark Localization in a Polycrystalline
    Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskite.” <i>Nature Communications</i> 12, no. 1 (2021).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>.
  ieee: 'D. Berghoff, J. Bühler, M. Bonn, A. Leitenstorfer, T. Meier, and H. Kim,
    “Low-field onset of Wannier-Stark localization in a polycrystalline hybrid organic
    inorganic perovskite,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no.
    5719, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>.'
  mla: Berghoff, Daniel, et al. “Low-Field Onset of Wannier-Stark Localization in
    a Polycrystalline Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskite.” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, 5719, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4">10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4</a>.
  short: D. Berghoff, J. Bühler, M. Bonn, A. Leitenstorfer, T. Meier, H. Kim, Nature
    Communications 12 (2021).
date_created: 2023-01-18T11:47:55Z
date_updated: 2023-04-21T11:14:19Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '293'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26021-4
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- General Physics and Astronomy
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Chemistry
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '53'
  name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142'
- _id: '54'
  name: 'TRR 142 - A: TRR 142 - Project Area A'
- _id: '59'
  name: 'TRR 142 - A2: TRR 142 - Subproject A2'
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Low-field onset of Wannier-Stark localization in a polycrystalline hybrid organic
  inorganic perovskite
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10018'
article_number: '2890'
author:
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Schmidt, Claudia
  id: '466'
  last_name: Schmidt
  orcid: 0000-0003-3179-9997
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Bühler, J.
  last_name: Bühler
- first_name: A.-C.
  full_name: Heinrich, A.-C.
  last_name: Heinrich
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Allerbeck, J.
  last_name: Allerbeck
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Podzimski, R.
  last_name: Podzimski
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Berghoff, Daniel
  id: '38175'
  last_name: Berghoff
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Meier, Torsten
  id: '344'
  last_name: Meier
  orcid: 0000-0001-8864-2072
- first_name: Wolf Gero
  full_name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
  id: '468'
  last_name: Schmidt
  orcid: 0000-0002-2717-5076
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Reichl, C.
  last_name: Reichl
- first_name: W.
  full_name: Wegscheider, W.
  last_name: Wegscheider
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Brida, D.
  last_name: Brida
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Leitenstorfer, A.
  last_name: Leitenstorfer
citation:
  ama: Schmidt C, Bühler J, Heinrich A-C, et al. Signatures of transient Wannier-Stark
    localization in bulk gallium arsenide. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>
  apa: Schmidt, C., Bühler, J., Heinrich, A.-C., Allerbeck, J., Podzimski, R., Berghoff,
    D., Meier, T., Schmidt, W. G., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., Brida, D., &#38; Leitenstorfer,
    A. (2018). Signatures of transient Wannier-Stark localization in bulk gallium
    arsenide. <i>Nature Communications</i>, <i>9</i>, Article 2890. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schmidt_Bühler_Heinrich_Allerbeck_Podzimski_Berghoff_Meier_Schmidt_Reichl_Wegscheider_et
    al._2018, title={Signatures of transient Wannier-Stark localization in bulk gallium
    arsenide}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>},
    number={2890}, journal={Nature Communications}, author={Schmidt, Claudia and Bühler,
    J. and Heinrich, A.-C. and Allerbeck, J. and Podzimski, R. and Berghoff, Daniel
    and Meier, Torsten and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Reichl, C. and Wegscheider, W. and
    et al.}, year={2018} }'
  chicago: Schmidt, Claudia, J. Bühler, A.-C. Heinrich, J. Allerbeck, R. Podzimski,
    Daniel Berghoff, Torsten Meier, et al. “Signatures of Transient Wannier-Stark
    Localization in Bulk Gallium Arsenide.” <i>Nature Communications</i> 9 (2018).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>.
  ieee: 'C. Schmidt <i>et al.</i>, “Signatures of transient Wannier-Stark localization
    in bulk gallium arsenide,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, Art. no. 2890,
    2018, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>.'
  mla: Schmidt, Claudia, et al. “Signatures of Transient Wannier-Stark Localization
    in Bulk Gallium Arsenide.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, 2890, 2018, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x">10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x</a>.
  short: C. Schmidt, J. Bühler, A.-C. Heinrich, J. Allerbeck, R. Podzimski, D. Berghoff,
    T. Meier, W.G. Schmidt, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, D. Brida, A. Leitenstorfer,
    Nature Communications 9 (2018).
date_created: 2019-05-29T07:33:32Z
date_updated: 2023-04-21T11:34:48Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '295'
- _id: '293'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '52'
  name: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing
- _id: '53'
  name: TRR 142
- _id: '54'
  name: TRR 142 - Project Area A
- _id: '59'
  name: TRR 142 - Subproject A2
- _id: '55'
  name: TRR 142 - Project Area B
- _id: '69'
  name: TRR 142 - Subproject B4
- _id: '52'
  name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Signatures of transient Wannier-Stark localization in bulk gallium arsenide
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 9
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '13917'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present the synthesis of indium oxide (In2O3) inverse opal films with photonic
    stop bands in the visible range by a structure replication method. Artificial
    opal films made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres are utilized as template.
    The opal films are deposited via sedimentation facilitated by ultrasonication,
    and then impregnated by indium nitrate solution, which is thermally converted
    to In2O3 after drying. The quality of the resulting inverse opal film depends
    on many parameters; in this study the water content of the indium nitrate/PMMA
    composite after drying is investigated. Comparison of the reflectance spectra
    recorded by vis-spectroscopy with simulated data shows a good agreement between
    the peak position and calculated stop band positions for the inverse opals. This
    synthesis is less complex and highly efficient compared to most other techniques
    and is suitable for use in many applications.
author:
- first_name: Sabrina
  full_name: Amrehn, Sabrina
  last_name: Amrehn
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Berghoff, Daniel
  id: '38175'
  last_name: Berghoff
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Nikitin, Andreas
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Reichelt, Matthias
  id: '138'
  last_name: Reichelt
- first_name: Xia
  full_name: Wu, Xia
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Meier, Torsten
  id: '344'
  last_name: Meier
  orcid: 0000-0001-8864-2072
- first_name: Thorsten
  full_name: Wagner, Thorsten
  last_name: Wagner
citation:
  ama: Amrehn S, Berghoff D, Nikitin A, et al. Indium oxide inverse opal films synthesized
    by structure replication method. <i>Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals
    and Applications</i>. 2016;19:55-63. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>
  apa: Amrehn, S., Berghoff, D., Nikitin, A., Reichelt, M., Wu, X., Meier, T., &#38;
    Wagner, T. (2016). Indium oxide inverse opal films synthesized by structure replication
    method. <i>Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications</i>, <i>19</i>,
    55–63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Amrehn_Berghoff_Nikitin_Reichelt_Wu_Meier_Wagner_2016, title={Indium
    oxide inverse opal films synthesized by structure replication method}, volume={19},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>},
    journal={Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications}, author={Amrehn,
    Sabrina and Berghoff, Daniel and Nikitin, Andreas and Reichelt, Matthias and Wu,
    Xia and Meier, Torsten and Wagner, Thorsten}, year={2016}, pages={55–63} }'
  chicago: 'Amrehn, Sabrina, Daniel Berghoff, Andreas Nikitin, Matthias Reichelt,
    Xia Wu, Torsten Meier, and Thorsten Wagner. “Indium Oxide Inverse Opal Films Synthesized
    by Structure Replication Method.” <i>Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals
    and Applications</i> 19 (2016): 55–63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Amrehn <i>et al.</i>, “Indium oxide inverse opal films synthesized by
    structure replication method,” <i>Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals
    and Applications</i>, vol. 19, pp. 55–63, 2016, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>.'
  mla: Amrehn, Sabrina, et al. “Indium Oxide Inverse Opal Films Synthesized by Structure
    Replication Method.” <i>Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications</i>,
    vol. 19, 2016, pp. 55–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005">10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005</a>.
  short: S. Amrehn, D. Berghoff, A. Nikitin, M. Reichelt, X. Wu, T. Meier, T. Wagner,
    Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications 19 (2016) 55–63.
date_created: 2019-10-18T08:31:34Z
date_updated: 2023-04-16T21:20:25Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '293'
- _id: '2'
- _id: '308'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1016/j.photonics.2016.02.005
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '        19'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 55-63
project:
- _id: '52'
  name: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing
- _id: '52'
  name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1569-4410
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Indium oxide inverse opal films synthesized by structure replication method
type: journal_article
user_id: '49063'
volume: 19
year: '2016'
...