[{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"\r\n Objective\r\n This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate subjective and objective deficits of neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular performance in athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) compared with healthy control athletes.\r\n \r\n \r\n Methods\r\n 72 patients with SRC and 72 matched healthy controls were included. All participants performed computerised testing of neurocognitive function, device-assisted balance testing and objective evaluation of vestibulo-ocular function (video head impulse and dynamic visual acuity test). Clinical symptom clusters (headache/migraine, anxiety/mood, fatigue, cognitive, vestibular, ocular) were determined for each patient using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition symptom evaluation. Independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were calculated to test for group differences in the whole cohort and according to clinical symptom clusters.\r\n \r\n \r\n Results\r\n When investigating the whole cohort, significant differences between patients with SRC and control subjects were found in one parameter of balance testing (sway velocity double-firm), with lower performance in the SRC group (p<0.001, r=0.345). The number of symptom clusters assigned to the SRC patients ranged from 0 (no definite cluster) to 6 (all clusters), and all clusters were frequent in the investigated cohort. Patients with vestibular, cognitive and fatigue symptom clusters demonstrated significantly lower performance in balance testing compared with SRC patients without those clusters (p<0.001 to p=0.005, r=0.368–0.439). Additionally, SRC patients presenting with symptoms of the fatigue cluster demonstrated significantly worse performance in vestibulo-ocular testing compared with SRC patients without the fatigue cluster (p=0.006, d=0.781).\r\n \r\n \r\n Conclusion\r\n SRC patients presented with variable numbers and qualities of clinical symptom clusters. Some subjective clusters were associated with abnormal objective tests of other clusters (vestibular, cognitive and fatigue with abnormal balance; and fatigue with abnormal vestibulo-ocular performance). Clinical symptom clusters and their overlap should be considered when examining patients with SRC.\r\n ","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"e002447","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"176"},{"_id":"17"}],"user_id":"33213","_id":"61006","intvolume":" 11","citation":{"apa":"Weike, L., Reeschke, R., & Reinsberger, C. (2025). Clinical symptom clusters, neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular function in athletes with sport-related concussion. BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine, 11(3), Article e002447. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447","bibtex":"@article{Weike_Reeschke_Reinsberger_2025, title={Clinical symptom clusters, neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular function in athletes with sport-related concussion}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447}, number={3e002447}, journal={BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Weike, Lea and Reeschke, Rebecca and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2025} }","short":"L. Weike, R. Reeschke, C. Reinsberger, BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine 11 (2025).","mla":"Weike, Lea, et al. “Clinical Symptom Clusters, Neurocognitive Function, Balance and Vestibulo-Ocular Function in Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion.” BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine, vol. 11, no. 3, e002447, BMJ, 2025, doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447.","ama":"Weike L, Reeschke R, Reinsberger C. Clinical symptom clusters, neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular function in athletes with sport-related concussion. BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine. 2025;11(3). doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447","ieee":"L. Weike, R. Reeschke, and C. Reinsberger, “Clinical symptom clusters, neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular function in athletes with sport-related concussion,” BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. e002447, 2025, doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447.","chicago":"Weike, Lea, Rebecca Reeschke, and Claus Reinsberger. “Clinical Symptom Clusters, Neurocognitive Function, Balance and Vestibulo-Ocular Function in Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion.” BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine 11, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447."},"year":"2025","issue":"3","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2055-7647"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002447","title":"Clinical symptom clusters, neurocognitive function, balance and vestibulo-ocular function in athletes with sport-related concussion","volume":11,"author":[{"full_name":"Weike, Lea","last_name":"Weike","first_name":"Lea"},{"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Reeschke","full_name":"Reeschke, Rebecca","id":"44893"},{"first_name":"Claus","last_name":"Reinsberger","id":"48978","full_name":"Reinsberger, Claus"}],"date_created":"2025-08-25T15:45:20Z","date_updated":"2025-08-27T08:41:19Z","publisher":"BMJ"},{"user_id":"33213","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"176"},{"_id":"17"}],"_id":"61007","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"ABSTRACT\r\n \r\n Purpose\r\n Repetitive head impacts due to heading in soccer may bear the potential to induce brain changes. To investigate how brain development is affected by heading, effects of heading exposure on neurocognitive and vestibular performance in adolescent soccer players were prospectively examined.\r\n \r\n \r\n Methods\r\n In this longitudinal cohort study, male and female high-level youth soccer players of different ages were enrolled in two seasons. Age-matched athletes of other ball sports were included as controls. Before and after each season, neurocognitive performance (6 domain scores), vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic visual acuity, and postural control (sway velocity) were objectively assessed in all athletes. Every soccer training and match during the observation period was videotaped to analyze individual heading exposure. Associations between heading frequency (total, in duels, >20 m flight distance) and pre- to post-changes were investigated via Spearman correlation.\r\n \r\n \r\n Results\r\n 103 soccer and 51 control athletes (9-19 years) participated. Neurocognitive scores and sway velocity significantly improved in each season in soccer and control athletes. There were no associations between total heading numbers and changes in any parameter. Over the first season, the more headers played in duels (r = -0.255, 95%CI = -0.474 to -0.006, p = 0.04) and from >20 m distance (r = -0.299, 95%CI = -0.510 to -0.055, p = 0.02) the less psychomotor speed improvement occurred. In the second season, improvements in reaction time were significantly smaller with higher numbers of headers played in duels (r = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.043 to 0.632, p = 0.02) and from >20 m distance (r = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.025 to 0.621, p = 0.03).\r\n \r\n \r\n Conclusions\r\n Potential high-impact headers may have affected neurocognitive improvements, exhibiting small to moderate effects. Therefore, more high-impact headers may be more important to consider than solely the overall heading exposure in discussions about adverse effects in youth soccer.\r\n ","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-08-25T15:45:39Z","author":[{"full_name":"Reeschke, Rebecca","id":"44893","last_name":"Reeschke","first_name":"Rebecca"},{"first_name":"Lena","full_name":"Dautzenberg, Lena","last_name":"Dautzenberg"},{"first_name":"Franziska Katharina","id":"63237","full_name":"Mund, Franziska Katharina","last_name":"Mund","orcid":"0000-0001-8127-8458"},{"first_name":"Thorsten","full_name":"Koch, Thorsten","last_name":"Koch"},{"first_name":"Claus","full_name":"Reinsberger, Claus","last_name":"Reinsberger"}],"date_updated":"2025-08-27T08:41:58Z","publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003831","title":"Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1530-0315","0195-9131"]},"citation":{"ama":"Reeschke R, Dautzenberg L, Mund FK, Koch T, Reinsberger C. Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players. Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise. Published online 2025. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003831","ieee":"R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, F. K. Mund, T. Koch, and C. Reinsberger, “Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players,” Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, 2025, doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003831.","chicago":"Reeschke, Rebecca, Lena Dautzenberg, Franziska Katharina Mund, Thorsten Koch, and Claus Reinsberger. “Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.” Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831.","apa":"Reeschke, R., Dautzenberg, L., Mund, F. K., Koch, T., & Reinsberger, C. (2025). Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players. Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831","bibtex":"@article{Reeschke_Dautzenberg_Mund_Koch_Reinsberger_2025, title={Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players}, DOI={10.1249/mss.0000000000003831}, journal={Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Reeschke, Rebecca and Dautzenberg, Lena and Mund, Franziska Katharina and Koch, Thorsten and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2025} }","short":"R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, F.K. Mund, T. Koch, C. Reinsberger, Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise (2025).","mla":"Reeschke, Rebecca, et al. “Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.” Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025, doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003831."},"year":"2025"},{"page":"90-96","intvolume":" 75","citation":{"mla":"Reeschke, Rebecca, et al. “Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages.” Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin, vol. 75, no. 3, Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine, 2024, pp. 90–96, doi:10.5960/dzsm.2024.597.","short":"R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, T. Koch, C. Reinsberger, Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin 75 (2024) 90–96.","bibtex":"@article{Reeschke_Dautzenberg_Koch_Reinsberger_2024, title={Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages}, volume={75}, DOI={10.5960/dzsm.2024.597}, number={3}, journal={Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin}, publisher={Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine}, author={Reeschke, Rebecca and Dautzenberg, L and Koch, T and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2024}, pages={90–96} }","apa":"Reeschke, R., Dautzenberg, L., Koch, T., & Reinsberger, C. (2024). Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages. Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin, 75(3), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2024.597","chicago":"Reeschke, Rebecca, L Dautzenberg, T Koch, and Claus Reinsberger. “Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages.” Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin 75, no. 3 (2024): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2024.597.","ieee":"R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, T. Koch, and C. Reinsberger, “Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages,” Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 90–96, 2024, doi: 10.5960/dzsm.2024.597.","ama":"Reeschke R, Dautzenberg L, Koch T, Reinsberger C. Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. 2024;75(3):90-96. doi:10.5960/dzsm.2024.597"},"year":"2024","issue":"3","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.5960/dzsm.2024.597","title":"Neurocognitive Performance, Vestibulo-Ocular Function and Postural Control in Youth Male Soccer and Basketball Players of Different Ages","volume":75,"date_created":"2024-07-11T07:02:30Z","author":[{"last_name":"Reeschke","full_name":"Reeschke, Rebecca","id":"44893","first_name":"Rebecca"},{"first_name":"L","last_name":"Dautzenberg","full_name":"Dautzenberg, L"},{"last_name":"Koch","full_name":"Koch, T","first_name":"T"},{"full_name":"Reinsberger, Claus","id":"48978","last_name":"Reinsberger","first_name":"Claus"}],"date_updated":"2024-07-16T07:03:25Z","publisher":"Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine","status":"public","publication":"Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"44893","_id":"55171"},{"abstract":[{"text":"AbstractObjectiveConcerns about short‐ and long‐term consequences of repetitive heading contributed to heading restrictions in youth football in some countries. This prospective longitudinal cohort study aims to describe heading exposure in children's and youth football over two seasons using standardized video analysis.MethodsAll matches and training sessions of a male Under‐11 (n = 29), Under‐15 (n = 28), Under‐19 (n = 38), and female Under‐17 (n = 39) team were videotaped during the seasons 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Heading frequencies and characteristics were analyzed. Individual heading exposure is presented as average incidence rates (IR) per 1000 match/training hours.ResultsIn 275 matches and 673 training sessions, 22 921 headers were observed. Heading IR per player in matches was 1256 (Under‐11 m), 1608 (Under‐15 m), 1050 (Under‐17 f), and 1966 (Under‐19 m). In training sessions, IR per player was 739 (Under‐11 m), 2206 (Under‐15 m), 1661 (Under‐17 f), and 1419 (Under‐19 m). Five Under‐15 males headed the ball five to eight times per training on average. Most headers were performed without heading duels. Flight distance was predominantly 5–20 m (54%) in matches and <5 m (65%) in training. While head impact location most frequently was at frontal areas, one‐third of all headers in Under‐11 in matches hit temporal, parietal, and occipital parts of the head.ConclusionHeading incidence was low in the youngest age group, whereas (predominantly five) Under‐15 males showed very high heading exposures in training. In assessment and regulation of heading burden, training sessions and individual heading behavior should specifically be addressed. Recommendations for heading the ball in practice should account for individual and age‐related differences.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","keyword":["Physical Therapy","Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation","Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"46818","user_id":"44893","year":"2023","citation":{"short":"R. Reeschke, F.K. Haase, L. Dautzenberg, W. Krutsch, C. Reinsberger, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 33 (2023) 1821–1830.","bibtex":"@article{Reeschke_Haase_Dautzenberg_Krutsch_Reinsberger_2023, title={Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football (soccer) players}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1111/sms.14408}, number={9}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reeschke, Rebecca and Haase, Franziska Katharina and Dautzenberg, Lena and Krutsch, Werner and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2023}, pages={1821–1830} }","mla":"Reeschke, Rebecca, et al. “Training Matters: Heading Incidence and Characteristics in Children’s and Youth Football (Soccer) Players.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 33, no. 9, Wiley, 2023, pp. 1821–30, doi:10.1111/sms.14408.","apa":"Reeschke, R., Haase, F. K., Dautzenberg, L., Krutsch, W., & Reinsberger, C. (2023). Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football (soccer) players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33(9), 1821–1830. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408","ieee":"R. Reeschke, F. K. Haase, L. Dautzenberg, W. Krutsch, and C. Reinsberger, “Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football (soccer) players,” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1821–1830, 2023, doi: 10.1111/sms.14408.","chicago":"Reeschke, Rebecca, Franziska Katharina Haase, Lena Dautzenberg, Werner Krutsch, and Claus Reinsberger. “Training Matters: Heading Incidence and Characteristics in Children’s and Youth Football (Soccer) Players.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 33, no. 9 (2023): 1821–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408.","ama":"Reeschke R, Haase FK, Dautzenberg L, Krutsch W, Reinsberger C. Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football (soccer) players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2023;33(9):1821-1830. doi:10.1111/sms.14408"},"intvolume":" 33","page":"1821-1830","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0905-7188","1600-0838"]},"issue":"9","title":"Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children's and youth football (soccer) players","doi":"10.1111/sms.14408","publisher":"Wiley","date_updated":"2023-09-06T11:12:10Z","date_created":"2023-09-06T11:06:47Z","author":[{"first_name":"Rebecca","full_name":"Reeschke, Rebecca","id":"44893","last_name":"Reeschke"},{"id":"63237","full_name":"Haase, Franziska Katharina","last_name":"Haase","orcid":"0000-0001-8127-8458","first_name":"Franziska Katharina"},{"first_name":"Lena","full_name":"Dautzenberg, Lena","last_name":"Dautzenberg"},{"last_name":"Krutsch","full_name":"Krutsch, Werner","first_name":"Werner"},{"full_name":"Reinsberger, Claus","id":"48978","last_name":"Reinsberger","first_name":"Claus"}],"volume":33}]