@article{48277,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process is the most common additive manufacturing technology. The principle of the FDM process is the strand wise deposition of molten thermoplastic polymers, by feeding a filament trough a heated nozzle. Due to the strand and layer wise deposition the cooling of the manufactured component is not uniform. This leads to dimensional deviations which may cause the component to be unusable for the desired application. In this paper, a method is described which is based on the shrinkage compensation through the adaption of every single raster line in components manufactured with the FDM process. The shrinkage compensation is based on a model resulting from a DOE which considers the main influencing factors on the shrinkage behavior of raster lines in the FDM process. An in‐house developed software analyzes the component and locally applies the shrinkage compensation with consideration of the boundary conditions, e.g., the position of the raster line in the component and the process parameters. Following, a validation using a simple geometry is conducted to show the effect of the presented adaptive scaling method.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}},
  issn         = {{1022-1360}},
  journal      = {{Macromolecular Symposia}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics}},
  location     = {{Bukarest}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/masy.202200181}},
  volume       = {{411}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{48357,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Knaup, Felix and Wächter, Julian}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 37th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society (PPS-37)}},
  location     = {{Fukuoka (Japan)}},
  pages        = {{170001--1 -- 170001--5}},
  publisher    = {{AIP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of the Deposition Velocity Related Temperature Deviations for High Temperature Materials in the FDM Process}}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0168548}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{52802,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process is the most common additive manufacturing technology. The principle of the FDM process is the strand wise deposition of molten thermoplastic polymers, by feeding a filament trough a heated nozzle. Due to the strand and layer wise deposition the cooling of the manufactured component is not uniform. This leads to dimensional deviations which may cause the component to be unusable for the desired application. In this paper, a method is described which is based on the shrinkage compensation through the adaption of every single raster line in components manufactured with the FDM process. The shrinkage compensation is based on a model resulting from a DOE which considers the main influencing factors on the shrinkage behavior of raster lines in the FDM process. An in‐house developed software analyzes the component and locally applies the shrinkage compensation with consideration of the boundary conditions, e.g., the position of the raster line in the component and the process parameters. Following, a validation using a simple geometry is conducted to show the effect of the presented adaptive scaling method.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}},
  issn         = {{1022-1360}},
  journal      = {{Macromolecular Symposia}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Adaptive Scaling of Components in the Fused Deposition Modeling Process}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/masy.202200181}},
  volume       = {{411}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{33852,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Freeform Fabrication Symposium}},
  editor       = {{Bourell, David L. and Beaman, Joseph J. and Crawford, Richard H. and Kovar, Desiderio and Seepersad, Carolyn C. and Tehrani, Mehran}},
  location     = {{Austin, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{2011--2018}},
  title        = {{{VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF FEM-SIMULATION RESULTS OF THE FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS UNDER CONSIDERATION OF DIFFERENT MESH RESOLUTIONS}}},
  doi          = {{10.26153/tsw/44657}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{33853,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Freeform Fabrication Symposium}},
  editor       = {{Bourell, David L. and Beaman, Joseph J. and Crawford, Richard H. and Kovar, Desiderio and Seepersad, Carolyn C. and Tehrani, Mehran}},
  location     = {{Austin, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{1844--1858}},
  title        = {{{INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS AND GEOMETRY DEPENDENT SHRINKAGE BEHAVIOR OF RASTER LINES IN THE FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS}}},
  doi          = {{10.26153/tsw/44654}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@misc{24095,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Kunststoffland NRW report}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{42--43}},
  title        = {{{Aus der Forschung in die Anwendung - Materialqualifizierung im Kunststoff Freiformen}}},
  volume       = {{2021}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{24556,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Kunststoffe}},
  number       = {{9/2021}},
  pages        = {{88--90}},
  title        = {{{Kleine Tropfen, große Wirkung}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@misc{27366,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix}},
  booktitle    = {{Jahresmagazin Kunststofftechnik}},
  pages        = {{70--75}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, Hintergründe und weitere Entwicklungen im Kunststoff Freiformen}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{25283,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Elsner, Christian Lennart and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of  36th Annual Meeting of Polymer Processing Society (PPS-36)}},
  location     = {{Montreal, Canada}},
  title        = {{{Influences of Temperature-Dependent Boundary Conditions on Component Properties in Arburg Plastic Freeforming}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{24101,
  abstract     = {{Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process with which three-dimensional, thermoplastic components can be produced layer by layer. Visual and geometrical properties are a major criterion for characterizing the resulting component quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences on visual and geometrical properties of APF components depending on process parameters. Initially the focus was on the analysis of the shrinkage behavior of ABS-M30 (Stratasys). On the basis of the results and an existing procedure by the machine manufacturer, an optimized procedure for determining the scaling factors was developed to counteract the shrinkage. With this procedure a higher dimensional accuracy of the components can be achieved. In addition, it was investigated whether an adaption of the form factor based on a mathematical model depending on the component geometry makes sense. The results were transferred into manufacturing guidelines, which allow the user of the APF-technology to optimize process parameters more efficiently.}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Elsner, Christian Lennart and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings: 2021 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF Symp 2021)}},
  editor       = {{Bourell, David}},
  location     = {{Austin, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{467--474}},
  title        = {{{Investigations for the Optimization of Visual and Geometrical Properties of Arburg Plastic Freeforming Components}}},
  doi          = {{10.26153/tsw/17567}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{24099,
  abstract     = {{The additive manufacturing process Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is established in the industry for many years. A new, similar process to FDM is the Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF). The main differences between both processes are the form of the starting material (FDM: Filaments, APF: Conventional granulate) and the material deposition during the layer formation (FDM: Melt strand, APF: fine molten droplets).
Since the two processes can be used in similar applications, the aim of this study is to compare both processes in a holistic way. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes are to be highlighted. The systematic comparison between a Stratasys 400mc and the Freeformer 200-3X is divided into the areas of component properties, design limitations and economic efficiency. The material ABS-M30 (Stratasys) is used in both processes. The results show comparable component properties regarding mechanical and optical properties but also differences in design limitations and cost efficiency.
}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Driediger, Christine and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings: 2021 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF Symp 2021)}},
  editor       = {{Bourell, David}},
  location     = {{Austin, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{575--584}},
  title        = {{{Comparison of Component Properties and Economic Efficiency of the Arburg Plastic Freeforming and Fused Deposition Modeling}}},
  doi          = {{10.26153/tsw/17577}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{24096,
  abstract     = {{The Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process with which three-dimensional, thermoplastic components can be produced layer by layer. One disadvantage of the APF is the long residence time of the molten material in the plasticizing unit compared to conventional injection moulding. The dosing volume is emptied very slowly due to only discharging fine plastic droplets. As a result, long residence times can be expected, which can lead to thermal degradation of the material.
The aim of this study was to develop a model for calculating the residence time of the material in the APF. The residence time of the material in the thermally critical dosing volume is predicted using software developed in-house. The accuracy of the model could be verified by experimental investigations. Finally, the thermal degradation of the material was investigated by analyzing the correlation to the mechanical properties of tensile strength specimens.
}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hecker, Felix and Hirsch, André}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings: 2021 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF Symp 2021)}},
  editor       = {{Bourell, David}},
  location     = {{Austin, Texas, USA}},
  pages        = {{1268--1275}},
  title        = {{{Investigation and Modeling of the Residence Time Dependent Material Degradation in the Arburg Plastic Freeforming}}},
  doi          = {{10.26153/tsw/17643}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{22041,
  abstract     = {{The Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process that allows three-dimensional, thermoplastic components to be produced in layer by layer. The components are generated by depositing fine, molten plastic droplets. One of the main advantages of the APF process is the open machine control. Thus, the process parameters can be adapted and optimized for the individual applications. The optimization is carried out on the basis of a variation of the process parameters using a statistical design of experiments. Relevant process parameters are the layer thickness, the form factor, the raster and delta angle as well as the overlap between the contour and the filling of a layer. In addition, the nozzle and build chamber temperatures are varied. Using this procedure, the effects of the influencing parameters on the mechanical properties and the interactions between the influencing parameters are analyzed and converted into mathematical models. On the basis of the results and the models, guidelines will be developed to assist the user of APF technology in the systematic process configuration for their own applications. The material used is ABS, one of the most frequently used amorphous thermoplastics in additive manufacturing. The mechanical properties are determined on the basis of tensile tests and the characteristic values tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus. The results should show the performance of the APF technology in regard to the mechanical properties.}},
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Hirsch, André and Hecker, Felix}},
  booktitle    = {{30th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}},
  pages        = {{705--714}},
  title        = {{{Process Parameter Optimization to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Arburg Plastic Freeformed Components}}},
  doi          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/17308}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}