@article{54868,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Most properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields influence the optoelectronic properties. In this study, the atomic‐scale electric field and charge density distribution of WSe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> bi‐ and trilayers are revealed using an emerging microscopy technique, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For pristine material, a higher positive charge density located at the selenium atomic columns compared to the tungsten atomic columns is obtained and tentatively explained by a coherent scattering effect. Furthermore, the change in the electric field distribution induced by a missing selenium atomic column is investigated. A characteristic electric field distribution in the vicinity of the defect with locally reduced magnitudes compared to the pristine lattice is observed. This effect is accompanied by a considerable inward relaxation of the surrounding lattice, which according to first principles DFT calculation is fully compatible with a missing column of Se atoms. This shows that DPC imaging, as an electric field sensitive technique, provides additional and remarkable information to the otherwise only structural analysis obtained with conventional STEM imaging.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Groll, Maja and Bürger, Julius and Caltzidis, Ioannis and Jöns, Klaus D. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe and Lindner, Jörg K. N.}},
  issn         = {{1613-6810}},
  journal      = {{Small}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{DFT‐Assisted Investigation of the Electric Field and Charge Density Distribution of Pristine and Defective 2D WSe<sub>2</sub> by Differential Phase Contrast Imaging}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/smll.202311635}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{47133,
  author       = {{Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg K. N.}},
  booktitle    = {{Climate Protection, Resource Efficiency, and Sustainable Mobility - Transdisciplinary Approaches to Design and Manufacturing Technology}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8376-6377-8}},
  pages        = {{61--86}},
  title        = {{{Transmission electron microscopy and transdisciplinary research}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{34651,
  author       = {{Bürger, Julius and Venugopal, Harikrishnan and Kool, Daniel and de los Arcos, Teresa and Gonzalez Orive, Alejandro and Grundmeier, Guido and Brassat, Katharina and Lindner, Jörg K.N.}},
  issn         = {{2196-7350}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Materials Interfaces}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine}},
  number       = {{26}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{High‐Resolution Study of Changes in Morphology and Chemistry of Cylindrical PS‐            <i>b</i>            ‐PMMA Block Copolymer Nanomasks during Mask Development}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/admi.202200962}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35232,
  author       = {{Meier, Falco and Littmann, Mario and Bürger, Julius and Riedl, Thomas and Kool, Daniel and Lindner, Jörg and Reuter, Dirk and As, Donat Josef}},
  issn         = {{0370-1972}},
  journal      = {{physica status solidi (b)}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Selective Area Growth of Cubic Gallium Nitride in Nanoscopic Silicon Dioxide Masks}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/pssb.202200508}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34086,
  author       = {{Bürger, Julius and Venugopal, Harikrishnan and Kool, Daniel and de los Arcos de Pedro, Maria Teresa and Gonzalez Orive, Alejandro and Grundmeier, Guido and Brassat, Katharina and Lindner, Jörg}},
  issn         = {{2196-7350}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Materials Interfaces}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine}},
  number       = {{26}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{High‐Resolution Study of Changes in Morphology and Chemistry of Cylindrical PS‐            <i>b</i>            ‐PMMA Block Copolymer Nanomasks during Mask Development}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/admi.202200962}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{40987,
  abstract     = {{<The replacement of noble metal catalysts by abundant iron as an active compound in CO oxidation is of ecologic and economic interest. However, improvement of their catalytic performance to the same level as state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts requires an in depth understanding of their working principle on an atomic level. As a contribution to this aim, a series of iron oxide catalysts with varying Fe loadings from 1 to 20 wt% immobilized on a γ-Al2O3 support is presented here, and a multidimensional structure–activity correlation is established. The CO oxidation activity is correlated to structural details obtained by various spectroscopic, diffraction, and microscopic methods, such as PXRD, PDF analysis, DRUVS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, STEM-EDX, and XAS. Low Fe loadings lead to less agglomerated but high percentual amounts of isolated, tetrahedrally coordinated iron oxide species, while the absolute amount of isolated species reaches its maximum at high Fe loadings. Consequently, the highest CO oxidation activity in terms of turnover frequencies can be correlated to small, finely dispersed iron oxide species with a large amount of tetrahedrally oxygen coordinated iron sites, while the overall amount of isolated iron oxide species correlates with a lower light-off temperature.}},
  author       = {{Schlicher, Steffen and Prinz, Nils and Bürger, Julius and Omlor, Andreas and Singer, Christian and Zobel, Mirijam and Schoch, Roland and Lindner, Jörg K. N. and Schünemann, Volker and Kureti, Sven and Bauer, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{2073-4344}},
  journal      = {{Catalysts}},
  keywords     = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Catalysis, General Environmental Science, Key}},
  number       = {{6}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Quality or Quantity? How Structural Parameters Affect Catalytic Activity of Iron Oxides for CO Oxidation}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/catal12060675}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{22697,
  author       = {{Knust, Steffen and Ruhm, Lukas and Kuhlmann, Andreas and Meinderink, Dennis and Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg K. N. and Arcos de Pedro, Maria Teresa and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0377-0486}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Raman Spectroscopy}},
  pages        = {{1237--1245}},
  title        = {{{In situ backside Raman spectroscopy of zinc oxide nanorods in an atmospheric‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/jrs.6123}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{34087,
  author       = {{Knust, Steffen and Ruhm, Lukas and Kuhlmann, Andreas and Meinderink, Dennis and Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg and de los Arcos de Pedro, Maria Teresa and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0377-0486}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Raman Spectroscopy}},
  keywords     = {{Spectroscopy, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1237--1245}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{In situ backside Raman spectroscopy of zinc oxide nanorods in an atmospheric‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/jrs.6123}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{34092,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is a promising tool for next generation lithography as microphase separated polymer domains in thin films can act as templates for surface nanopatterning with sub-20 nm features. The replicated patterns can, however, only be as precise as their templates. Thus, the investigation of the morphology of polymer domains is of great importance. Commonly used analytical techniques (neutron scattering, scanning force microscopy) either lack spatial information or nanoscale resolution. Using advanced analytical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), we provide real space information on polymer domain morphology and interfaces between polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in cylinder- and lamellae-forming BCPs at highest resolution. This allows us to correlate the internal structure of polymer domains with line edge roughnesses, interface widths and domain sizes. STEM is employed for high-resolution imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) spectroscopic imaging for material identification and EFTEM thickness mapping for visualisation of material densities at defects. The volume fraction of non-phase separated polymer species can be analysed by EFTEM. These methods give new insights into the morphology of polymer domains the exact knowledge of which will allow to improve pattern quality for nanolithography.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bürger, Julius and Kunnathully, Vinay and Kool, Daniel and Lindner, Jörg and Brassat, Katharina}},
  issn         = {{2079-4991}},
  journal      = {{Nanomaterials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Characterisation of the PS-PMMA Interfaces in Microphase Separated Block Copolymer Thin Films by Analytical (S)TEM}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/nano10010141}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{34088,
  author       = {{Bürger, Julius and Riedl, Thomas and Lindner, Jörg}},
  issn         = {{0304-3991}},
  journal      = {{Ultramicroscopy}},
  keywords     = {{Instrumentation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Influence of lens aberrations, specimen thickness and tilt on differential phase contrast STEM images}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113118}},
  volume       = {{219}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{24100,
  abstract     = {{Zinc oxide (ZnO) hollow spheres with defined morphology and micro-/nanostructure are prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis approach. The materials possess fine-leaved structures at their particle surface (nanowall hollow micro spheres). Morphology control is achieved by citric acid used as an additive in variable relative quantities during the synthesis. The structure formation is studied by various time-dependent ex situ methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The fine-leaved surface structure is characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques (HRTEM, STEM), using a high-angle annular dark field detector, as well as by differential phase contrast analysis. In-depth structural characterization of the nanowalls by drop-by-drop ex situ FE-SEM analysis provides insight into possible structure formation mechanisms. Further investigation addresses the thermal stability of the particle morphology and the enhancement of the surface-to-volume ratio by heat treatment (examined by N2 physisorption).}},
  author       = {{Engelkemeier, Katja and Lindner, Jörg and Bürger, Julius and Vaupel, Kathrin and Hartmann, Marc and Tiemann, Michael and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0957-4484}},
  journal      = {{Nanotechnology}},
  pages        = {{095701}},
  title        = {{{Nano-architectural complexity of zinc oxide nanowall hollow microspheres and their structural properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1361-6528/ab55bc}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{22687,
  author       = {{Meinderink, Dennis and Nolkemper, Karlo J.R. and Bürger, Julius and Orive, Alejandro G. and Lindner, Jörg K.N. and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0257-8972}},
  journal      = {{Surface and Coatings Technology}},
  pages        = {{112--122}},
  title        = {{{Spray coating of poly(acrylic acid)/ZnO tetrapod adhesion promoting nanocomposite films for polymer laminates}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.083}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{41524,
  author       = {{Engelkemeier, Katja and Lindner, Jörg K N and Bürger, Julius and Vaupel, Kathrin and Hartmann, Marc and Tiemann, Michael and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0957-4484}},
  journal      = {{Nanotechnology}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, Bioengineering}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{IOP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Nano-architectural complexity of zinc oxide nanowall hollow microspheres and their structural properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/1361-6528/ab55bc}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

@article{3912,
  abstract     = {{DNA origami nanostructures are versatile substrates for the controlled arrangement of molecular
capture sites with nanometer precision and thus have many promising applications in singlemolecule
bioanalysis. Here, we investigate the adsorption of DNA origami nanostructures in
nanohole arrays which represent an important class of biosensors and may benefit from the
incorporation of DNA origami-based molecular probes. Nanoholes with well-defined diameter
that enable the adsorption of single DNA origami triangles are fabricated in Au films on Siwafers by nanosphere lithography. The efficiency of directed DNA origami adsorption on the
exposed SiO2 areas at the bottoms of the nanoholes is evaluated in dependence of various
parameters, i.e., Mg2+ and DNA origami concentrations, buffer strength, adsorption time, and
nanohole diameter. We observe that the buffer strength has a surprisingly strong effect on DNA
origami adsorption in the nanoholes and that multiple DNA origami triangles with 120 nm edge
length can adsorb in nanoholes as small as 120 nm in diameter. We attribute the latter
observation to the low lateral mobility of once adsorbed DNA origami on the SiO2 surface, in
combination with parasitic adsorption to the Au film. While parasitic adsorption can be
suppressed by modifying the Au film with a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer, the limited
surface mobility of the adsorbed DNA origami still leads to poor localization accuracy in the
nanoholes and results in many DNA origami crossing the boundary to the Au film even under
optimized conditions. We discuss possible ways to minimize this effect by varying the
composition of the adsorption buffer, employing different fabrication conditions, or using other
substrate materials for nanohole array fabrication.}},
  author       = {{Brassat, Katharina and Ramakrishnan, Saminathan and Bürger, Julius and Hanke, Marcel and Doostdar, Mahnaz and Lindner, Jörg and Grundmeier, Guido and Keller, Adrian}},
  issn         = {{0743-7463}},
  journal      = {{Langmuir}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{On the Adsorption of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Nanohole Arrays}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00793}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@article{22664,
  author       = {{Brassat, Katharina and Ramakrishnan, Saminathan and Bürger, Julius and Hanke, Marcel and Doostdar, Mahnaz and Lindner, Jörg and Grundmeier, Guido and Keller, Adrian}},
  issn         = {{0743-7463}},
  journal      = {{Langmuir}},
  pages        = {{14757--14765}},
  title        = {{{On the Adsorption of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Nanohole Arrays}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00793}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{4447,
  author       = {{Riedl, Thomas and Bürger, Julius and Kunnathully, Vinay  and Wiegand, Marie and Duschik, K. and Ramermann, D.  and Ennen, I.  and Hertle, Y.  and Schaper, Mirko and Hellweg, T.  and Hütten, A. and Lindner, Jörg}},
  location     = {{Dortmund (Germany)}},
  title        = {{{Nanostructure Research using Transmission Electron Microscopy at the new OWL Analytic Centre}}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@article{3921,
  abstract     = {{Bottom-up patterning techniques allow for the creation of surfaces with ordered arrays of nanoscale features
on large areas. Two bottom-up techniques suitable for the formation of regular nanopatterns on
different length scales are nanosphere lithography (NSL) and block copolymer (BCP) lithography. In this
paper it is shown that NSL and BCP lithography can be combined to easily design hierarchically nanopatterned
surfaces of different materials. Nanosphere lithography is used for the pre-patterning of
surfaces with antidots, i.e. hexagonally arranged cylindrical holes in thin films of Au, Pt and TiO2 on SiO2,
providing a periodic chemical and topographical contrast on the surface suitable for templating in subsequent
BCP lithography. PS-b-PMMA BCP is used in the second self-assembly step to form hexagonally
arranged nanopores with sub-20 nm diameter within the antidots upon microphase separation. To
achieve this the microphase separation of BCP on planar surfaces is studied, too, and it is demonstrated
for the first time that vertical BCP nanopores can be formed on TiO2, Au and Pt films without using any
neutralization layers. To explain this the influence of surface energy, polarity and roughness on the microphase
separation is investigated and discussed along with the wetting state of BCP on NSL-pre-patterned
surfaces. The presented novel route for the creation of advanced hierarchical nanopatterns is easily applicable
on large-area surfaces of different materials. This flexibility makes it suitable for a broad range of
applications, from the morphological design of biocompatible surfaces for life science to complex
pre-patterns for nanoparticle placement in semiconductor technology.}},
  author       = {{Brassat, Katharina and Kool, Daniel and Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg}},
  issn         = {{2040-3364}},
  journal      = {{Nanoscale}},
  number       = {{21}},
  pages        = {{10005--10017}},
  publisher    = {{Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}},
  title        = {{{Hierarchical nanopores formed by block copolymer lithography on the surfaces of different materials pre-patterned by nanosphere lithography}}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/c8nr01397g}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@inproceedings{3952,
  author       = {{Brassat, Katharina and Kool, Daniel and Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg}},
  location     = {{Warsaw (Poland)}},
  title        = {{{Micro- and nanopatterned surfaces with tailored chemical and topographical contrast by self-assembly techniques}}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@article{3997,
  abstract     = {{Switchable two dimensional liquid crystal diffraction gratings are promising can-
didates in beam steering devices, multiplexers and holographic displays. For these areas of applications a high degree of integration in optical systems is much sought-after. In the context of diffraction gratings this means that the angle of diffraction should be rather high, which typically poses a problem as the fabrication of small grating periods is challenging. In this paper, we propose the use of nanosphere lithography (NSL) for the fabrication of two-dimensionally
structured electrodes with a periodicity of a few micrometers. NSL is based on the self-assembly of micro- or nanometer sized spheres into monolayers. It allows for easy substrate structuring on wafer scale. The manufactured electrode is combined with a liquid crystalline polymer-stabilized blue phase, which facilitates sub-millisecond electrical switching of the diffraction efficiency at adiffractionangle of 21.4°.}},
  author       = {{Wahle, M. and Brassat, Katharina and Ebel, J. and Bürger, Julius and Lindner, Jörg and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express 25}},
  number       = {{19}},
  pages        = {{22608--22619}},
  title        = {{{Two-dimensional switchable blue phase gratings manufactured by nanosphere lithography}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/OE.25.022607}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

@inproceedings{4004,
  author       = {{Brassat, Katharina and Rüdiger, Arne and Bürger, Julius and Bremser, W. and Strube, Oliver and Lindner, Jörg}},
  location     = {{Warsaw (Poland)}},
  title        = {{{Enzyme mediated autodeposition of protein particles on nanosphere lithographically nanostructured surfaces }}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}