---
_id: '64859'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This study investigated whether external effort mobilization through try-harder
    instructions enhances performance in complex motor tasks, as reflected by the
    reduction of costs associated with producing a deceptive action. Basketball passing
    movements with and without head fakes were examined in a reaction-time paradigm.
    Participants were generally instructed to initiate the movement as fast and accurately
    as possible, while try-harder instructions were presented in 25 % of trials, prompting
    participants to mobilize all their cognitive resources to perform even faster.
    To investigate if athletic expertise modulates the potential effects of effort
    mobilization, basketball novices and experienced players were tested. Results
    demonstrated that try-harder instructions generally improved participants’ performance,
    facilitating faster response initiation times and movement execution, as well
    as a specific reduction in initiation time variability. Novices benefited more
    than experienced players, indicating that effort results in greater improvement
    when complex motor actions (for example, passes with head fakes) are not yet fully
    stabilized and lack automated fluency. This pattern suggests that effort enhances
    performance in complex actions when performance is limited by the amount of cognitive
    capacity available, supporting the coordination of partly conflicting movement
    components within tight temporal constraints. The findings extend previous research
    on effort mobilization from simple to complex motor tasks. Try-harder instructions
    appear to enhance performance primarily by reducing attentional lapses rather
    than generally improving processing speed. Future research should investigate
    the effectiveness of effort mobilization in experienced athletes in situations
    of high concurrent cognitive load.
article_number: '103083'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Michael B.
  full_name: Steinborn, Michael B.
  last_name: Steinborn
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Steinborn MB, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. Mobilizing effort in complex
    motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive actions. <i>Psychology of Sport
    and Exercise</i>. 2026;84. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>'
  apa: 'Böer, N. T., Steinborn, M. B., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2026).
    Mobilizing effort in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive
    actions. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>, <i>84</i>, Article 103083. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Böer_Steinborn_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2026, title={Mobilizing effort
    in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive actions}, volume={84},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>},
    number={103083}, journal={Psychology of Sport and Exercise}, publisher={Elsevier
    BV}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Steinborn, Michael B. and Weigelt, Matthias
    and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, Michael B. Steinborn, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive
    Actions.” <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i> 84 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, M. B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “Mobilizing
    effort in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive actions,”
    <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>, vol. 84, Art. no. 103083, 2026, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>.'
  mla: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder
    Instructions in Deceptive Actions.” <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>, vol.
    84, 103083, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083">10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083</a>.'
  short: N.T. Böer, M.B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, Psychology of Sport
    and Exercise 84 (2026).
date_created: 2026-03-05T16:55:30Z
date_updated: 2026-03-05T16:58:54Z
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083
intvolume: '        84'
keyword:
- Effort
- Try-harder instruction
- Deception
- Basketball
- Head fake
- Fake production
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103083
oa: '1'
publication: Psychology of Sport and Exercise
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1469-0292
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Mobilizing effort in complex motor tasks: Try-harder instructions in deceptive
  actions'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 84
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66739'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars
  id: '80673'
  last_name: Schulze Frielinghaus
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schmidt, Thomas
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Schulze Frielinghaus L, Böer NT, Schmidt T, Weigelt M. Early
    postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues for deceptive
    actions in sports. In: <i>18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance,
    Health and Enhancement in Action</i>. ; 2026.'
  apa: 'Güldenpenning, I., Schulze Frielinghaus, L., Böer, N. T., Schmidt, T., &#38;
    Weigelt, M. (2026). Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake
    social cues for deceptive actions in sports. <i>18th FEPSAC European Congress
    of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in Action</i>. 18th FEPSAC
    European Congress of Sport Psychology, Timisoara.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Schulze Frielinghaus_Böer_Schmidt_Weigelt_2026,
    place={Timisoara}, title={Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing
    of fake social cues for deceptive actions in sports}, booktitle={18th FEPSAC European
    Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in Action},
    author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars and Böer, Nils Tobias
    and Schmidt, Thomas and Weigelt, Matthias}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Lars Schulze Frielinghaus, Nils Tobias Böer, Thomas
    Schmidt, and Matthias Weigelt. “Early Postural Dynamics Reveal the Rapid Processing
    of Fake Social Cues for Deceptive Actions in Sports.” In <i>18th FEPSAC European
    Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in Action</i>.
    Timisoara, 2026.'
  ieee: I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N. T. Böer, T. Schmidt, and M.
    Weigelt, “Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues
    for deceptive actions in sports,” presented at the 18th FEPSAC European Congress
    of Sport Psychology, Timisoara, 2026.
  mla: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Early Postural Dynamics Reveal the Rapid Processing
    of Fake Social Cues for Deceptive Actions in Sports.” <i>18th FEPSAC European
    Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in Action</i>,
    2026.'
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N.T. Böer, T. Schmidt, M. Weigelt,
    in: 18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and
    Enhancement in Action, Timisoara, 2026.'
conference:
  location: Timisoara
  name: 18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology
date_created: 2026-08-18T09:56:41Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T09:57:20Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Timisoara
publication: '18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health
  and Enhancement in Action'
status: public
title: Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues for
  deceptive actions in sports
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66742'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Michael B.
  full_name: Steinborn, Michael B.
  last_name: Steinborn
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Steinborn MB, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. Mobilizing Effort in Complex
    Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive Actions. In: <i>18th FEPSAC
    European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in
    Action</i>. ; 2026.'
  apa: 'Böer, N. T., Steinborn, M. B., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2026).
    Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive
    Actions. <i>18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health
    and Enhancement in Action</i>. 18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology,
    Timisoara (Rumänien).'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Steinborn_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2026, place={Timisoara},
    title={Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive
    Actions}, booktitle={18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance,
    Health and Enhancement in Action}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Steinborn, Michael
    B. and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, Michael B. Steinborn, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive
    Actions.” In <i>18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance,
    Health and Enhancement in Action</i>. Timisoara, 2026.'
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, M. B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “Mobilizing
    Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive Actions,”
    presented at the 18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology, Timisoara
    (Rumänien), 2026.'
  mla: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder
    Instructions in Deceptive Actions.” <i>18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport
    Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in Action</i>, 2026.'
  short: 'N.T. Böer, M.B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, in: 18th FEPSAC
    European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health and Enhancement in
    Action, Timisoara, 2026.'
conference:
  end_date: 2026-07-17
  location: Timisoara (Rumänien)
  name: 18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology
  start_date: 2026-07-13
date_created: 2026-08-18T11:20:55Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T11:21:09Z
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Timisoara
publication: '18th FEPSAC European Congress of Sport Psychology: Performance, Health
  and Enhancement in Action'
status: public
title: 'Mobilizing Effort in Complex Motor Tasks: Try-Harder Instructions in Deceptive
  Actions'
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66689'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>Deceptive
    actions such as head fakes are a hallmark of interactive sports, yet it is not
    well understood how decisions and whole-body responses to head fakes unfold over
    time. In the present study, participants viewed video sequences of a basketball
    player passing to the left or right, either with or without a head fake. In the
    buzzer task, participants moved laterally to press a response button as if to
    intercept the pass. In the vocal task, they verbally indicated pass direction.
    Reaction times (RTs), movement times (MTs), and medio-lateral center-of-pressure
    (CoP) displacements were recorded to investigate whether motor output is rapid
    and stimulus-driven or rather requires continuous integration of fake and pass
    cues. Further, we investigated whether the mere observation of a basketball player
    leads to overt micromovements even if no response movement is intended. The data
    analysis shows that head fakes increased RTs in both the buzzer and vocal tasks.
    In the buzzer task, head fakes induced an initial, small erroneous CoP shift,
    which was then rapidly corrected. When CoP trajectories were aligned by head orientation,
    fake and non-fake trajectories diverged shortly after movement onset. In the present
    dynamic sport-related context, this pattern is more compatible with the early
    integration of head and pass information than with a strictly sequential prime-target
    account, although the paradigm differs from classic Rapid Chase Theory designs
    with discrete primes and target events. In the vocal task, participants were not
    instructed to move, yet CoP traces showed tiny but systematically lateralized
    micromovements with a temporal structure resembling that in the buzzer task, albeit
    without an initial erroneous shift for head fakes. These postural fluctuations
    are consistent with action-observation-related motor activation, although they
    do not uniquely identify motor resonance and may also reflect attentional or generalized
    embodied response tendencies. A clear deceptive response conflict at the postural
    level emerged only when a lateralized action was prepared.</jats:p>"
article_number: '22820'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars
  id: '80673'
  last_name: Schulze Frielinghaus
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schmidt, Thomas
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: Güldenpenning I, Schulze Frielinghaus L, Böer NT, Schmidt T, Weigelt M. Early
    postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues for deceptive
    actions in sports. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2026;16(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>
  apa: Güldenpenning, I., Schulze Frielinghaus, L., Böer, N. T., Schmidt, T., &#38;
    Weigelt, M. (2026). Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake
    social cues for deceptive actions in sports. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <i>16</i>(1),
    Article 22820. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Güldenpenning_Schulze Frielinghaus_Böer_Schmidt_Weigelt_2026,
    title={Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues
    for deceptive actions in sports}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>},
    number={122820}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars
    and Böer, Nils Tobias and Schmidt, Thomas and Weigelt, Matthias}, year={2026}
    }'
  chicago: Güldenpenning, Iris, Lars Schulze Frielinghaus, Nils Tobias Böer, Thomas
    Schmidt, and Matthias Weigelt. “Early Postural Dynamics Reveal the Rapid Processing
    of Fake Social Cues for Deceptive Actions in Sports.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>
    16, no. 1 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>.
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N. T. Böer, T. Schmidt, and M.
    Weigelt, “Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues
    for deceptive actions in sports,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 16, no. 1, Art.
    no. 22820, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>.'
  mla: Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Early Postural Dynamics Reveal the Rapid Processing
    of Fake Social Cues for Deceptive Actions in Sports.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>,
    vol. 16, no. 1, 22820, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8">10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8</a>.
  short: I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N.T. Böer, T. Schmidt, M. Weigelt,
    Scientific Reports 16 (2026).
date_created: 2026-08-10T10:34:01Z
date_updated: 2026-08-10T10:39:46Z
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-61922-8
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Scientific Reports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2045-2322
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Early postural dynamics reveal the rapid processing of fake social cues for
  deceptive actions in sports
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 16
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '65257'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Michael B.
  full_name: Steinborn, Michael B.
  last_name: Steinborn
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Steinborn MB, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. When Trying Harder Helps:
    Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex Motor Tasks. In: Kaup B, Roth
    L, Rück F, eds. <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>.
    ; 2026.'
  apa: 'Böer, N. T., Steinborn, M. B., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2026).
    When Trying Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex Motor
    Tasks. In B. Kaup, L. Roth, &#38; F. Rück (Eds.), <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists</i>.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Steinborn_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2026, place={Tübingen},
    title={When Trying Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex
    Motor Tasks}, booktitle={Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists},
    author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Steinborn, Michael B. and Weigelt, Matthias and
    Güldenpenning, Iris}, editor={Kaup, Barbara and Roth, Lilly and Rück, Franziska},
    year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, Michael B. Steinborn, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “When Trying Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex Motor
    Tasks.” In <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>,
    edited by Barbara Kaup, Lilly Roth, and Franziska Rück. Tübingen, 2026.'
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, M. B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “When Trying
    Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex Motor Tasks,”
    in <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>, Tübingen,
    2026.'
  mla: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “When Trying Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect
    Performance in Complex Motor Tasks.” <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists</i>, edited by Barbara Kaup et al., 2026.'
  short: 'N.T. Böer, M.B. Steinborn, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, in: B. Kaup, L.
    Roth, F. Rück (Eds.), Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists,
    Tübingen, 2026.'
conference:
  end_date: 2026-03-18
  location: Tübingen
  name: 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
  start_date: 2026-03-15
date_created: 2026-03-31T10:55:38Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T07:50:28Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Kaup, Barbara
  last_name: Kaup
- first_name: Lilly
  full_name: Roth, Lilly
  last_name: Roth
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: Rück, Franziska
  last_name: Rück
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2026-03-31T10:54:23Z
  date_updated: 2026-03-31T10:54:23Z
  file_id: '65258'
  file_name: Abstract_Böer_When Trying Harder Helps_Effort Instructions.pdf
  file_size: 34969
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-03-31T10:54:23Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- effort
- try-harder instruction
- deception
- sport psychology
- action and perception
language:
- iso: eng
place: Tübingen
publication: Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
status: public
title: 'When Trying Harder Helps: Effort Instructions Affect Performance in Complex
  Motor Tasks'
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66733'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars
  id: '80673'
  last_name: Schulze Frielinghaus
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Schulze Frielinghaus L, Böer NT, Weigelt M. From interference
    to priming? Reinterpreting the head-fake effect in basketball through continuous
    measurements. In: Barbara K, Lilly R, Franziska R, eds. <i>Abstracts of the 68th
    Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>. ; 2026.'
  apa: Güldenpenning, I., Schulze Frielinghaus, L., Böer, N. T., &#38; Weigelt, M.
    (2026). From interference to priming? Reinterpreting the head-fake effect in basketball
    through continuous measurements. In K. Barbara, R. Lilly, &#38; R. Franziska (Eds.),
    <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Schulze Frielinghaus_Böer_Weigelt_2026, place={Tübingen},
    title={From interference to priming? Reinterpreting the head-fake effect in basketball
    through continuous measurements}, booktitle={Abstracts of the 68th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schulze Frielinghaus,
    Lars and Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Barbara, Kaup and Lilly,
    Roth and Franziska, Rück}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Güldenpenning, Iris, Lars Schulze Frielinghaus, Nils Tobias Böer, and Matthias
    Weigelt. “From Interference to Priming? Reinterpreting the Head-Fake Effect in
    Basketball through Continuous Measurements.” In <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited by Kaup Barbara, Roth Lilly, and Rück
    Franziska. Tübingen, 2026.
  ieee: I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N. T. Böer, and M. Weigelt, “From
    interference to priming? Reinterpreting the head-fake effect in basketball through
    continuous measurements,” in <i>Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists</i>, Tübingen, 2026.
  mla: Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “From Interference to Priming? Reinterpreting the
    Head-Fake Effect in Basketball through Continuous Measurements.” <i>Abstracts
    of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited by Kaup Barbara
    et al., 2026.
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, in: K.
    Barbara, R. Lilly, R. Franziska (Eds.), Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists, Tübingen, 2026.'
conference:
  end_date: ' 2026-03-18'
  location: Tübingen
  name: 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
  start_date: 2026-03-15
date_created: 2026-08-18T07:45:26Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T07:50:35Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Kaup
  full_name: Barbara, Kaup
  last_name: Barbara
- first_name: Roth
  full_name: Lilly, Roth
  last_name: Lilly
- first_name: Rück
  full_name: Franziska, Rück
  last_name: Franziska
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
  creator: iguelden
  date_created: 2026-08-18T07:44:22Z
  date_updated: 2026-08-18T07:44:22Z
  file_id: '66734'
  file_name: Güldenpenning et al., Abstract TeaP 2026.docx
  file_size: 17286
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-08-18T07:44:22Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Tübingen
publication: Abstracts of the 68th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
status: public
title: From interference to priming? Reinterpreting the head-fake effect in basketball
  through continuous measurements
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66736'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars
  id: '80673'
  last_name: Schulze Frielinghaus
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Schulze Frielinghaus L, Böer NT, Weigelt M. Rapid chase or
    continuous flow of information? Visual-motor processing of head fakes in basketball.
    In: <i>Abstracts of the 58th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport
    Psychology</i>. ; 2026.'
  apa: Güldenpenning, I., Schulze Frielinghaus, L., Böer, N. T., &#38; Weigelt, M.
    (2026). Rapid chase or continuous flow of information? Visual-motor processing
    of head fakes in basketball. <i>Abstracts of the 58th Annual Conference of the
    German Association of Sport Psychology</i>. 58th Annual Conference of the German
    Association of Sport Psychology, Heidelberg.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Schulze Frielinghaus_Böer_Weigelt_2026, place={Heidelberg},
    title={Rapid chase or continuous flow of information? Visual-motor processing
    of head fakes in basketball}, booktitle={Abstracts of the 58th Annual Conference
    of the German Association of Sport Psychology}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and
    Schulze Frielinghaus, Lars and Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias}, year={2026}
    }'
  chicago: Güldenpenning, Iris, Lars Schulze Frielinghaus, Nils Tobias Böer, and Matthias
    Weigelt. “Rapid Chase or Continuous Flow of Information? Visual-Motor Processing
    of Head Fakes in Basketball.” In <i>Abstracts of the 58th Annual Conference of
    the German Association of Sport Psychology</i>. Heidelberg, 2026.
  ieee: I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N. T. Böer, and M. Weigelt, “Rapid
    chase or continuous flow of information? Visual-motor processing of head fakes
    in basketball,” presented at the 58th Annual Conference of the German Association
    of Sport Psychology, Heidelberg, 2026.
  mla: Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Rapid Chase or Continuous Flow of Information?
    Visual-Motor Processing of Head Fakes in Basketball.” <i>Abstracts of the 58th
    Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology</i>, 2026.
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Frielinghaus, N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, in: Abstracts
    of the 58th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology, Heidelberg,
    2026.'
conference:
  end_date: 2026-05-16
  location: Heidelberg
  name: 58th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology
  start_date: 2026-05-14
date_created: 2026-08-18T09:18:08Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T09:20:44Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
place: Heidelberg
publication: Abstracts of the 58th Annual Conference of the German Association of
  Sport Psychology
status: public
title: Rapid chase or continuous flow of information? Visual-motor processing of head
  fakes in basketball
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61884'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Schulze Freilinghaus, Lars
  last_name: Schulze Freilinghaus
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Schulze Freilinghaus L, Böer NT, Weigelt M. Unraveling the
    head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict in sport contexts. In:
    Geißler CF, Schöpper L-M, eds. <i>57. Herbsttagung Experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop)</i>. ; 2025.'
  apa: 'Güldenpenning, I., Schulze Freilinghaus, L., Böer, N. T., &#38; Weigelt, M.
    (2025). Unraveling the head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict
    in sport contexts. In C. F. Geißler &#38; L.-M. Schöpper (Eds.), <i>57. Herbsttagung
    experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)</i>.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Schulze Freilinghaus_Böer_Weigelt_2025, place={Trier},
    title={Unraveling the head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict
    in sport contexts}, booktitle={57. Herbsttagung experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop)}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Schulze Freilinghaus, Lars and Böer,
    Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Geißler, Christoph F. and Schöpper,
    Lars-Michael}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Lars Schulze Freilinghaus, Nils Tobias Böer, and
    Matthias Weigelt. “Unraveling the Head-Fake Effect: Dynamic Measures of Cognitive
    Conflict in Sport Contexts.” In <i>57. Herbsttagung Experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop)</i>, edited by Christoph F. Geißler and Lars-Michael Schöpper. Trier,
    2025.'
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Freilinghaus, N. T. Böer, and M. Weigelt, “Unraveling
    the head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict in sport contexts,”
    in <i>57. Herbsttagung experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)</i>, Trier,
    2025.'
  mla: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Unraveling the Head-Fake Effect: Dynamic Measures
    of Cognitive Conflict in Sport Contexts.” <i>57. Herbsttagung Experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop)</i>, edited by Christoph F. Geißler and Lars-Michael Schöpper, 2025.'
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, L. Schulze Freilinghaus, N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, in: C.F.
    Geißler, L.-M. Schöpper (Eds.), 57. Herbsttagung Experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop), Trier, 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 10.10.2025
  location: Trier
  name: 57. Herbsttagung experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)
  start_date: 08.10.2025
date_created: 2025-10-21T09:54:24Z
date_updated: 2025-10-21T09:56:41Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Christoph F.
  full_name: Geißler, Christoph F.
  last_name: Geißler
- first_name: Lars-Michael
  full_name: Schöpper, Lars-Michael
  last_name: Schöpper
language:
- iso: eng
place: Trier
publication: 57. Herbsttagung experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)
status: public
title: 'Unraveling the head-fake effect: Dynamic measures of cognitive conflict in
  sport contexts'
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62111'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>The execution of incompatible
    actions imposes costs on action planning, commonly known as response-response
    incompatibility-costs. This phenomenon is also evident in sports: A basketball
    player who performs a pass in one direction whilst orienting the head into the
    contrary direction (pass with head fake) needs more time to initiate the action
    as if pass direction and head orientation are the same (pass without head fake).</jats:p>\r\n
    \         <jats:p>The aim of this study was twofold: First, we present a re-analysis
    of the data from Böer et al. (Psychological Research 88:523–524, 2024) using mixture
    effect modelling (Miller, Behavior Research Methods 38:92–106, 2006) explore if
    fake-production costs manifest continuously (uniform effect) in all participants
    or if some participants show fake-production costs occasionally but substantially
    (mixed effect). Second, we collected data of a control group which was analysed
    with the previous data of the practice group and fitted initiation times (ITs)
    to an ex-Gaussian distribution.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of
    mixture effects revealed that most participants exhibited a uniform effect when
    they didn’t have time to mentally prepare the movement. This pattern was not changed
    by practice, suggesting fake-production costs can’t be overcome by practice alone
    without mental preparation time.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:p>The analysis of
    mean ITs revealed improvements in the practice group but not in the control group,
    independent of the type of pass performed. The distribution analyses complemented
    these findings as it showed that the improvement in participants’ performance
    with increasing practice can mainly be attributed to a reduction of the exponential
    part of the distribution (parameter tau).</jats:p>"
article_number: '64'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Schütz, Christoph
  last_name: Schütz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: Böer NT, Schütz C, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. How does practice modulate fake-production
    costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions and mixture effects.
    <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2025;89(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>
  apa: Böer, N. T., Schütz, C., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2025). How does
    practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency
    distributions and mixture effects. <i>Psychological Research</i>, <i>89</i>(2),
    Article 64. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Böer_Schütz_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2025, title={How does practice
    modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects}, volume={89}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>},
    number={264}, journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Schütz, Christoph and Weigelt,
    Matthias and Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Christoph Schütz, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs in a Basketball Task? Analyses
    of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.” <i>Psychological Research</i>
    89, no. 2 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “How does practice
    modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, Art. no.
    64, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.'
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “How Does Practice Modulate Fake-Production Costs
    in a Basketball Task? Analyses of Frequency Distributions and Mixture Effects.”
    <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 2, 64, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6">10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6</a>.
  short: N.T. Böer, C. Schütz, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research
    89 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-06T13:22:00Z
date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:49:44Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
  file_id: '62112'
  file_name: Böer, Schütz, Weigelt, & Güldenpenning_2025_How does practice modulate
    fake-production costs in a basketball task_Analyses of frequency distributions
    and mixture effects.pdf
  file_size: 2697921
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:25:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
issue: '2'
jel:
- P
keyword:
- Sport Psychology
- Sport Science
- Deception
- Distribution Analysis
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-025-02084-6
oa: '1'
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: Raw Data and Statistical Analyses
    relation: research_data
    url: https://osf.io/svjtz/files
status: public
title: How does practice modulate fake-production costs in a basketball task? Analyses
  of frequency distributions and mixture effects
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 89
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62116'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. The mere presence of a social partner
    modulates fake-production costs. In: <i>57th Herbsttreffen Der Experimentellen
    Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)</i>. ; 2025.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2025). The mere presence
    of a social partner modulates fake-production costs. <i>57th Herbsttreffen Der
    Experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)</i>. 57th Herbsttreffen der experimentellen
    Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP), Trier.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2025, title={The mere presence
    of a social partner modulates fake-production costs}, booktitle={57th Herbsttreffen
    der experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias
    and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “The Mere
    Presence of a Social Partner Modulates Fake-Production Costs.” In <i>57th Herbsttreffen
    Der Experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)</i>, 2025.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “The mere presence of a social
    partner modulates fake-production costs,” presented at the 57th Herbsttreffen
    der experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP), Trier, 2025.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “The Mere Presence of a Social Partner Modulates
    Fake-Production Costs.” <i>57th Herbsttreffen Der Experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie
    (HExKoP)</i>, 2025.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, in: 57th Herbsttreffen Der Experimentellen
    Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP), 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-10-10
  location: Trier
  name: 57th Herbsttreffen der experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)
  start_date: 2025-10-08
date_created: 2025-11-06T13:45:47Z
date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:46:05Z
ddc:
- '150'
- '796'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2025-11-06T13:44:09Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:44:09Z
  file_id: '62118'
  file_name: HExKoP2025_Böer_Social Costs of Deceptive Movements.pdf
  file_size: 652136
  relation: main_file
  title: The mere presence of a social partner modulates fake-production costs
file_date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:44:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Deception
- Sport Psychology
- Social Interaction
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: 57th Herbsttreffen der experimentellen Kognitionspsychologie (HExKoP)
status: public
title: The mere presence of a social partner modulates fake-production costs
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '65259'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. Differences of producing head fakes with
    and without a social partner. In: Lê-Hoa Võ M, Fiebach C, Shing YL, Sammler D,
    Windmann S, Kaiser J, eds. <i>67th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>.
    ; 2025:132.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2025). Differences of producing
    head fakes with and without a social partner. In M. Lê-Hoa Võ, C. Fiebach, Y.
    L. Shing, D. Sammler, S. Windmann, &#38; J. Kaiser (Eds.), <i>67th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists</i> (p. 132).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2025, title={Differences of producing
    head fakes with and without a social partner}, booktitle={67th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt,
    Matthias}, editor={Lê-Hoa Võ, Melissa and Fiebach, Christian and Shing, Yee Lee
    and Sammler, Daniela and Windmann, Sabine and Kaiser, Jochen}, year={2025}, pages={132}
    }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “Differences
    of Producing Head Fakes with and without a Social Partner.” In <i>67th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited by Melissa Lê-Hoa Võ, Christian Fiebach,
    Yee Lee Shing, Daniela Sammler, Sabine Windmann, and Jochen Kaiser, 132, 2025.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “Differences of producing head
    fakes with and without a social partner,” in <i>67th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists</i>, Frankfurt am Main, 2025, p. 132.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Differences of Producing Head Fakes with and without
    a Social Partner.” <i>67th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited
    by Melissa Lê-Hoa Võ et al., 2025, p. 132.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, in: M. Lê-Hoa Võ, C. Fiebach, Y.L.
    Shing, D. Sammler, S. Windmann, J. Kaiser (Eds.), 67th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists, 2025, p. 132.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-03-12
  location: Frankfurt am Main
  name: 67th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
  start_date: 2025-03-10
date_created: 2026-03-31T11:08:48Z
date_updated: 2026-03-31T11:09:06Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Melissa
  full_name: Lê-Hoa Võ, Melissa
  last_name: Lê-Hoa Võ
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Fiebach, Christian
  last_name: Fiebach
- first_name: Yee Lee
  full_name: Shing, Yee Lee
  last_name: Shing
- first_name: Daniela
  full_name: Sammler, Daniela
  last_name: Sammler
- first_name: Sabine
  full_name: Windmann, Sabine
  last_name: Windmann
- first_name: Jochen
  full_name: Kaiser, Jochen
  last_name: Kaiser
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2026-03-31T11:07:45Z
  date_updated: 2026-03-31T11:07:45Z
  file_id: '65260'
  file_name: TeaP_Böer 2025_Abstract.pdf
  file_size: 3357246
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-03-31T11:07:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- deception
- action preparation
- perception
- movement planning
- sport psychology
language:
- iso: eng
page: '132'
publication: 67th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Differences of producing head fakes with and without a social partner
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '60133'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. Differences of producing head fakes with
    and without a social partner. In: Kullik L, Birnkraut T, Kellmann M, eds. <i>Abstracts
    of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology</i>.
    ; 2025:105.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2025). Differences of producing
    head fakes with and without a social partner. In L. Kullik, T. Birnkraut, &#38;
    M. Kellmann (Eds.), <i>Abstracts of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association
    of Sport Psychology</i> (p. 105).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2025, place={Bochum}, title={Differences
    of producing head fakes with and without a social partner}, booktitle={Abstracts
    of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology},
    author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Kullik,
    Lisa and Birnkraut, Tim and Kellmann, Michael}, year={2025}, pages={105} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “Differences
    of Producing Head Fakes with and without a Social Partner.” In <i>Abstracts of
    the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology</i>,
    edited by Lisa Kullik, Tim Birnkraut, and Michael Kellmann, 105. Bochum, 2025.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “Differences of producing head
    fakes with and without a social partner,” in <i>Abstracts of the 57th Annual Conference
    of the German Association of Sport Psychology</i>, Bochum, 2025, p. 105.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Differences of Producing Head Fakes with and without
    a Social Partner.” <i>Abstracts of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association
    of Sport Psychology</i>, edited by Lisa Kullik et al., 2025, p. 105.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, in: L. Kullik, T. Birnkraut, M.
    Kellmann (Eds.), Abstracts of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association
    of Sport Psychology, Bochum, 2025, p. 105.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-05-31
  location: Bochum
  name: 57th Annual Conference of the German Association of Sport Psychology
  start_date: 2025-05-29
date_created: 2025-06-04T14:04:12Z
date_updated: 2026-08-18T09:20:11Z
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Lisa
  full_name: Kullik, Lisa
  last_name: Kullik
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Birnkraut, Tim
  last_name: Birnkraut
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Kellmann, Michael
  last_name: Kellmann
language:
- iso: eng
page: '105'
place: Bochum
publication: Abstracts of the 57th Annual Conference of the German Association of
  Sport Psychology
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Differences of producing head fakes with and without a social partner
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '54690'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In basketball, an attacking player often plays a pass to one side while looking
    to the other side. This head fake provokes a conflict in the observing opponent,
    as the processing of the head orientation interferes with the processing of the
    pass direction. Accordingly, responses to passes with head fakes are slower and
    result in more errors than responses to passes without head fakes (head-fake effect).
    The head-fake effect and structurally similar interference effects (e.g., Stroop
    effect) are modulated by the frequency of conflicting trials. Previous studies
    mostly applied a block-wise manipulation of proportion congruency. However, in
    basketball (and also in other team sports), where different individual opponents
    can be encountered, it might be important to take the individual frequency (e.g.,
    20% vs. 80%) of these opponents into account. Therefore, the present study investigates
    the possibility to quickly (i.e., on a trial-by-trial basis) reconfigure the response
    behavior to different proportions of incongruent trials, which are contingent
    on different basketball players. Results point out that participants indeed adapted
    to the fake-frequency of different basketball players, which could be the result
    of strategic adaptation processes. Multi-level analyses, however, indicate that
    a substantial portion of the player-specific adaptation to fake frequencies is
    accounted by episodic retrieval processes, suggesting that item-specific proportion
    congruency effects can be explained in terms of stimulus-response binding and
    retrieval: The head orientation (e.g., to the right) of a current stimulus retrieves
    the last episode with the same head orientation including the response that was
    part of this last episode. Thus, from a theoretical perspective, an attacking
    player would provoke the strongest detrimental effect on an opponent if s/he repeats
    the same head movement but changes the direction of the pass. Whether it is at
    all possible to strategically apply this recommendation in practice needs still
    to be answered.'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Wilfried
  full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
  last_name: Kunde
- first_name: Carina G.
  full_name: Giesen, Carina G.
  last_name: Giesen
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Rothermund, Klaus
  last_name: Rothermund
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Böer NT, Kunde W, Giesen CG, Rothermund K, Weigelt M. Context-specific
    adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency
    schedules. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2024;88:1702-1711. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>'
  apa: 'Güldenpenning, I., Böer, N. T., Kunde, W., Giesen, C. G., Rothermund, K.,
    &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball:
    a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules. <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    <i>88</i>, 1702–1711. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Güldenpenning_Böer_Kunde_Giesen_Rothermund_Weigelt_2024, title={Context-specific
    adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency
    schedules}, volume={88}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias
    and Kunde, Wilfried and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias},
    year={2024}, pages={1702–1711} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Nils Tobias Böer, Wilfried Kunde, Carina G. Giesen,
    Klaus Rothermund, and Matthias Weigelt. “Context-Specific Adaptation for Head
    Fakes in Basketball: A Study on Player-Specific Fake-Frequency Schedules.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i> 88 (2024): 1702–11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, N. T. Böer, W. Kunde, C. G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, and
    M. Weigelt, “Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study
    on player-specific fake-frequency schedules,” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol.
    88, pp. 1702–1711, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>.'
  mla: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Context-Specific Adaptation for Head Fakes in
    Basketball: A Study on Player-Specific Fake-Frequency Schedules.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i>, vol. 88, 2024, pp. 1702–11, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2">10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2</a>.'
  short: I. Güldenpenning, N.T. Böer, W. Kunde, C.G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, M. Weigelt,
    Psychological Research 88 (2024) 1702–1711.
date_created: 2024-06-11T08:38:25Z
date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:36:26Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: iguelden
  date_created: 2024-06-11T08:38:20Z
  date_updated: 2024-06-11T08:38:20Z
  file_id: '54691'
  file_name: Güldenpenning et al. 2024.pdf
  file_size: 1022453
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2024-06-11T08:38:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        88'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-024-01977-2
oa: '1'
page: 1702-1711
publication: Psychological Research
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific
  fake-frequency schedules'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 88
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '57501'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Wilfried
  full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
  last_name: Kunde
- first_name: Carina G.
  full_name: Giesen, Carina G.
  last_name: Giesen
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Rothermund, Klaus
  last_name: Rothermund
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Böer NT, Kunde W, Giesen CG, Rothermund K, Weigelt M. Context-specific
    adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency
    schedules. In: Fröber K, Abel M, Bäuml K-H, et al., eds. <i>Abstracts of the 66th
    Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>. LibreCat University; 2024. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>'
  apa: 'Güldenpenning, I., Böer, N. T., Kunde, W., Giesen, C. G., Rothermund, K.,
    &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball:
    a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules. In K. Fröber, M. Abel, K.-H.
    Bäuml, G. Dreisbach, O. Kliegl, M. Köster, A. Lingnau, G. Volberg, &#38; F. J.
    Götz (Eds.), <i>Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>.
    LibreCat University. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Böer_Kunde_Giesen_Rothermund_Weigelt_2024,
    place={Regensburg}, title={Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball:
    a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>},
    booktitle={Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists}, publisher={LibreCat
    University}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias and Kunde, Wilfried
    and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Fröber,
    Kerstin and Abel, Magdalena and Bäuml, Karl-Heinz and Dreisbach, Gesine and Kliegl,
    Oliver and Köster, Moritz and Lingnau, Angelika and Volberg, Gregor and Götz,
    Felix J.}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Nils Tobias Böer, Wilfried Kunde, Carina G. Giesen,
    Klaus Rothermund, and Matthias Weigelt. “Context-Specific Adaptation for Head
    Fakes in Basketball: A Study on Player-Specific Fake-Frequency Schedules.” In
    <i>Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited
    by Kerstin Fröber, Magdalena Abel, Karl-Heinz Bäuml, Gesine Dreisbach, Oliver
    Kliegl, Moritz Köster, Angelika Lingnau, Gregor Volberg, and Felix J. Götz. Regensburg:
    LibreCat University, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, N. T. Böer, W. Kunde, C. G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, and
    M. Weigelt, “Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study
    on player-specific fake-frequency schedules,” in <i>Abstracts of the 66th Conference
    of Experimental Psychologists</i>, Regensburg, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>.'
  mla: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Context-Specific Adaptation for Head Fakes in
    Basketball: A Study on Player-Specific Fake-Frequency Schedules.” <i>Abstracts
    of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists</i>, edited by Kerstin Fröber
    et al., LibreCat University, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242">10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242</a>.'
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, N.T. Böer, W. Kunde, C.G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, M. Weigelt,
    in: K. Fröber, M. Abel, K.-H. Bäuml, G. Dreisbach, O. Kliegl, M. Köster, A. Lingnau,
    G. Volberg, F.J. Götz (Eds.), Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental
    Psychologists, LibreCat University, Regensburg, 2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 20.05.2024
  location: Regensburg
  name: 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
  start_date: 17.05.2024
date_created: 2024-11-29T10:35:51Z
date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:34:20Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.15242
editor:
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Fröber, Kerstin
  last_name: Fröber
- first_name: Magdalena
  full_name: Abel, Magdalena
  last_name: Abel
- first_name: Karl-Heinz
  full_name: Bäuml, Karl-Heinz
  last_name: Bäuml
- first_name: Gesine
  full_name: Dreisbach, Gesine
  last_name: Dreisbach
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Kliegl, Oliver
  last_name: Kliegl
- first_name: Moritz
  full_name: Köster, Moritz
  last_name: Köster
- first_name: Angelika
  full_name: Lingnau, Angelika
  last_name: Lingnau
- first_name: Gregor
  full_name: Volberg, Gregor
  last_name: Volberg
- first_name: Felix J.
  full_name: Götz, Felix J.
  last_name: Götz
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2024-11-29T11:34:13Z
  date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:34:13Z
  file_id: '57515'
  file_name: TeaP2024 Güldenpenning et al.pdf
  file_size: 152019
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:34:13Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.15242
place: Regensburg
publication: Abstracts of the 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
publication_identifier:
  unknown:
  - ISBN ebook 978-3-95853-914-3
publication_status: published
publisher: LibreCat University
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific
  fake-frequency schedules'
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '57511'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  last_name: Güldenpenning
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Weigelt M, Güldenpenning I. Try harder! - The influence of effort
    instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts. In: Fröber
    K, Abel M, Bäuml K-H, et al., eds. ; 2024:77.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Weigelt, M., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2024). <i>Try harder! -
    The influence of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices
    and experts</i> (K. Fröber, M. Abel, K.-H. Bäuml, G. Dreisbach, O. Kliegl, M.
    Köster, A. Lingnau, G. Volberg, &#38; F. J. Götz, Eds.; p. 77).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Weigelt_Güldenpenning_2024, place={Regensburg}, title={Try
    harder! - The influence of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball
    novices and experts}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias and Güldenpenning,
    Iris}, editor={Fröber, Kerstin and Abel, Magdalena and Bäuml, Karl-Heinz and Dreisbach,
    Gesine and Kliegl, Oliver and Köster, Moritz and Lingnau, Angelika and Volberg,
    Gregor and Götz, Felix J.}, year={2024}, pages={77} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Matthias Weigelt, and Iris Güldenpenning. “Try Harder!
    - The Influence of Effort Instructions on Fake Production Costs in Basketball
    Novices and Experts.” edited by Kerstin Fröber, Magdalena Abel, Karl-Heinz Bäuml,
    Gesine Dreisbach, Oliver Kliegl, Moritz Köster, Angelika Lingnau, Gregor Volberg,
    and Felix J. Götz, 77. Regensburg, 2024.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, M. Weigelt, and I. Güldenpenning, “Try harder! - The influence
    of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts,”  Regensburg
    , 2024, p. 77.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. <i>Try Harder! - The Influence of Effort Instructions
    on Fake Production Costs in Basketball Novices and Experts</i>. Edited by Kerstin
    Fröber et al., 2024, p. 77.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, I. Güldenpenning, in: K. Fröber, M. Abel, K.-H. Bäuml,
    G. Dreisbach, O. Kliegl, M. Köster, A. Lingnau, G. Volberg, F.J. Götz (Eds.),
    Regensburg, 2024, p. 77.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-05-20
  location: ' Regensburg '
  name: ' 66th Conference of Experimental Psychologists '
  start_date: 2024-05-17
date_created: 2024-11-29T11:25:04Z
date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:27:48Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Fröber, Kerstin
  last_name: Fröber
- first_name: Magdalena
  full_name: Abel, Magdalena
  last_name: Abel
- first_name: Karl-Heinz
  full_name: Bäuml, Karl-Heinz
  last_name: Bäuml
- first_name: Gesine
  full_name: Dreisbach, Gesine
  last_name: Dreisbach
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Kliegl, Oliver
  last_name: Kliegl
- first_name: Moritz
  full_name: Köster, Moritz
  last_name: Köster
- first_name: Angelika
  full_name: Lingnau, Angelika
  last_name: Lingnau
- first_name: Gregor
  full_name: Volberg, Gregor
  last_name: Volberg
- first_name: Felix J.
  full_name: Götz, Felix J.
  last_name: Götz
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2024-11-29T11:24:20Z
  date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:24:20Z
  file_id: '57512'
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  file_size: 162778
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-11-29T11:24:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- action preparation
- perception
- movement planning
- deception
language:
- iso: eng
page: '77'
place: Regensburg
status: public
title: Try harder! - The influence of effort instructions on fake production costs
  in basketball novices and experts
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '58841'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Wilfried
  full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
  last_name: Kunde
- first_name: Carina G.
  full_name: Giesen, Carina G.
  last_name: Giesen
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Rothermund, Klaus
  last_name: Rothermund
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Böer NT, Kunde W, Giesen CG, Rothermund K, Weigelt M. Context-specific
    adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency
    schedules. In: <i>Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
    (HexKop)</i>. ; 2024.'
  apa: 'Güldenpenning, I., Böer, N. T., Kunde, W., Giesen, C. G., Rothermund, K.,
    &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball:
    a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules. <i>Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens
    experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)</i>. 56. Herbsttreffen experimentelle
    Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop), Paderborn.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Böer_Kunde_Giesen_Rothermund_Weigelt_2024,
    title={Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific
    fake-frequency schedules}, booktitle={Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle
    Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)}, author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias
    and Kunde, Wilfried and Giesen, Carina G. and Rothermund, Klaus and Weigelt, Matthias},
    year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, Nils Tobias Böer, Wilfried Kunde, Carina G. Giesen,
    Klaus Rothermund, and Matthias Weigelt. “Context-specific adaptation for head
    fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules.” In
    <i>Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)</i>,
    2024.'
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, N. T. Böer, W. Kunde, C. G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, and
    M. Weigelt, “Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study
    on player-specific fake-frequency schedules,” presented at the 56. Herbsttreffen
    experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop), Paderborn, 2024.'
  mla: 'Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in
    basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules.” <i>Abstractband
    des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)</i>, 2024.'
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, N.T. Böer, W. Kunde, C.G. Giesen, K. Rothermund, M. Weigelt,
    in: Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop),
    2024.'
conference:
  end_date: 01.10.2024
  location: Paderborn
  name: 56. Herbsttreffen experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie (HexKop)
  start_date: 30.09.2024
date_created: 2025-02-25T16:42:32Z
date_updated: 2025-02-25T16:45:18Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: iguelden
  date_created: 2025-02-25T16:42:02Z
  date_updated: 2025-02-25T16:42:02Z
  file_id: '58842'
  file_name: Abstract-Band 56. HExKoP MW IG KT.pdf
  file_size: 412396
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-02-25T16:42:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: ger
publication: Abstractband des 56. Herbsttreffens experimentelle Kognitionspsychologie
  (HexKop)
status: public
title: 'Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific
  fake-frequency schedules'
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52931'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '54303'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. The influence of effort instruction on
    fake production costs in basketball novices and experienced basketball players.
    In: Koester D, Krämer L, Fuhlert L, Everding J, Weilharter F, Marlovits A, eds.
    <i>56. Jahrestagung Der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Sportpsychologie (ASP)</i>. ;
    2024:119.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2024). The influence of
    effort instruction on fake production costs in basketball novices and experienced
    basketball players. In D. Koester, L. Krämer, L. Fuhlert, J. Everding, F. Weilharter,
    &#38; A. Marlovits (Eds.), <i>56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie
    (ASP)</i> (p. 119).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2024, place={Berlin}, title={The
    influence of effort instruction on fake production costs in basketball novices
    and experienced basketball players.}, booktitle={56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft
    für Sportpsychologie (ASP)}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris
    and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Koester, Dirk and Krämer, Lina and Fuhlert, Leonhard
    and Everding, Jannik and Weilharter, Fritz and Marlovits, Andreas}, year={2024},
    pages={119} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “The Influence
    of Effort Instruction on Fake Production Costs in Basketball Novices and Experienced
    Basketball Players.” In <i>56. Jahrestagung Der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Sportpsychologie
    (ASP)</i>, edited by Dirk Koester, Lina Krämer, Leonhard Fuhlert, Jannik Everding,
    Fritz Weilharter, and Andreas Marlovits, 119. Berlin, 2024.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “The influence of effort instruction
    on fake production costs in basketball novices and experienced basketball players.,”
    in <i>56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)</i>,
    Berlin, 2024, p. 119.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “The Influence of Effort Instruction on Fake Production
    Costs in Basketball Novices and Experienced Basketball Players.” <i>56. Jahrestagung
    Der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Sportpsychologie (ASP)</i>, edited by Dirk Koester
    et al., 2024, p. 119.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, in: D. Koester, L. Krämer, L. Fuhlert,
    J. Everding, F. Weilharter, A. Marlovits (Eds.), 56. Jahrestagung Der Arbeitsgemeinschaft
    Für Sportpsychologie (ASP), Berlin, 2024, p. 119.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-05-11
  location: Berlin
  name: 56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)
  start_date: 2024-05-09
date_created: 2024-05-16T09:33:09Z
date_updated: 2025-04-03T10:29:11Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Koester, Dirk
  last_name: Koester
- first_name: Lina
  full_name: Krämer, Lina
  last_name: Krämer
- first_name: Leonhard
  full_name: Fuhlert, Leonhard
  last_name: Fuhlert
- first_name: Jannik
  full_name: Everding, Jannik
  last_name: Everding
- first_name: Fritz
  full_name: Weilharter, Fritz
  last_name: Weilharter
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Marlovits, Andreas
  last_name: Marlovits
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2024-11-29T11:16:33Z
  date_updated: 2025-04-03T10:29:10Z
  file_id: '57507'
  file_name: asp2024 Böer et al.pdf
  file_size: 108251
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2025-04-03T10:29:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: '119'
place: Berlin
publication: 56. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (ASP)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The influence of effort instruction on fake production costs in basketball
  novices and experienced basketball players.
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '48484'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Previous research indicates that
    performing passes with a head fake in basketball leads to increased response initiation
    times and errors as compared to performing a pass without a head fake. These so-called
    fake production costs only occurred when not given the time to mentally prepare
    the deceptive movement. In the current study, we investigated if extensive practice
    could reduce the cognitive costs of producing a pass with head fake. Twenty-four
    basketball novices participated in an experiment on five consecutive days. A visual
    cue prompted participants to play a pass with or without a head fake either to
    the left or right side. The cued action had to be executed after an interstimulus
    interval (ISI) of either 0 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms or 1200 ms, allowing for different
    movement preparation times. Results indicated higher response initiation times
    (ITs) and error rates (ERs) for passes with head fakes for the short preparation
    intervals (ISI 0 ms and 400 ms) on the first day but no difference for the longer
    preparation intervals (ISI 800 ms and 1200 ms). After only one day of practice,
    participants showed reduced fake production costs (for ISI 0 ms) and were even
    able to eliminate these cognitive costs when given time to mentally prepare the
    movement (for ISI 400 ms). Accordingly, physical practice can reduce the cognitive
    costs associated with head-fake generation. This finding is discussed against
    the background of the strengthening of stimulus response associations.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Schütz, Christoph
  last_name: Schütz
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
citation:
  ama: Böer NT, Weigelt M, Schütz C, Güldenpenning I. Practice reduces the costs of
    producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2024;88:523-534.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>
  apa: Böer, N. T., Weigelt, M., Schütz, C., &#38; Güldenpenning, I. (2024). Practice
    reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball. <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    <i>88</i>, 523–534. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Böer_Weigelt_Schütz_Güldenpenning_2024, title={Practice reduces
    the costs of producing head fakes in basketball}, volume={88}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>},
    journal={Psychological Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Weigelt, Matthias and Schütz, Christoph and
    Güldenpenning, Iris}, year={2024}, pages={523–534} }'
  chicago: 'Böer, Nils Tobias, Matthias Weigelt, Christoph Schütz, and Iris Güldenpenning.
    “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes in Basketball.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i> 88 (2024): 523–34. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, and I. Güldenpenning, “Practice reduces
    the costs of producing head fakes in basketball,” <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    vol. 88, pp. 523–534, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.'
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “Practice Reduces the Costs of Producing Head Fakes
    in Basketball.” <i>Psychological Research</i>, vol. 88, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2024, pp. 523–34, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x">10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x</a>.
  short: N.T. Böer, M. Weigelt, C. Schütz, I. Güldenpenning, Psychological Research
    88 (2024) 523–534.
date_created: 2023-10-26T09:57:43Z
date_updated: 2026-05-03T11:16:46Z
ddc:
- '150'
- '796'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: 10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
  file_id: '62114'
  file_name: Böer, Weigelt, Schütz, & Güldenpenning_2024_Practice reduces the costs
    of producing head fakes in basketball.pdf
  file_size: 898697
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-06T13:32:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        88'
keyword:
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-023-01885-x
oa: '1'
page: 523-534
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
  - 1430-2772
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: research_data
    url: https://osf.io/svjtz/files
status: public
title: Practice reduces the costs of producing head fakes in basketball
type: journal_article
user_id: '52000'
volume: 88
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '47630'
author:
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Böer NT, Güldenpenning I, Weigelt M. The influence of effort instructions
    on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts. In: Bogenschütz L,
    Fenske P, Ayatollahi S, et al., eds. <i>Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting of
    Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)</i>. ; 2023:16-17.'
  apa: Böer, N. T., Güldenpenning, I., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2023). The influence of
    effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts.
    In L. Bogenschütz, P. Fenske, S. Ayatollahi, M. Hamzeloo, G. A. L. Montoya, L.
    Viegas, P. Baess, &#38; R. Hackländer (Eds.), <i>Abstracts of the 55th Autumn
    Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)</i> (pp. 16–17).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Böer_Güldenpenning_Weigelt_2023, place={Hildesheim}, title={The
    influence of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball novices
    and experts}, booktitle={Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental
    Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)}, author={Böer, Nils Tobias and Güldenpenning, Iris
    and Weigelt, Matthias}, editor={Bogenschütz, Luisa and Fenske, Pia and Ayatollahi,
    Shabnamalsadat and Hamzeloo, Mohammad and Montoya, Gustavo Adolfo León and Viegas,
    Lisa and Baess, Pamela and Hackländer, Ryan}, year={2023}, pages={16–17} }'
  chicago: Böer, Nils Tobias, Iris Güldenpenning, and Matthias Weigelt. “The Influence
    of Effort Instructions on Fake Production Costs in Basketball Novices and Experts.”
    In <i>Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology
    (HExKoP)</i>, edited by Luisa Bogenschütz, Pia Fenske, Shabnamalsadat Ayatollahi,
    Mohammad Hamzeloo, Gustavo Adolfo León Montoya, Lisa Viegas, Pamela Baess, and
    Ryan Hackländer, 16–17. Hildesheim, 2023.
  ieee: N. T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, and M. Weigelt, “The influence of effort instructions
    on fake production costs in basketball novices and experts,” in <i>Abstracts of
    the 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)</i>, Hildesheim,
    2023, pp. 16–17.
  mla: Böer, Nils Tobias, et al. “The Influence of Effort Instructions on Fake Production
    Costs in Basketball Novices and Experts.” <i>Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting
    of Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)</i>, edited by Luisa Bogenschütz
    et al., 2023, pp. 16–17.
  short: 'N.T. Böer, I. Güldenpenning, M. Weigelt, in: L. Bogenschütz, P. Fenske,
    S. Ayatollahi, M. Hamzeloo, G.A.L. Montoya, L. Viegas, P. Baess, R. Hackländer
    (Eds.), Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology
    (HExKoP), Hildesheim, 2023, pp. 16–17.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-10-08
  location: Hildesheim
  name: 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology (HExKoP)
  start_date: 2023-10-06
date_created: 2023-10-05T11:34:18Z
date_updated: 2023-10-05T11:36:49Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
editor:
- first_name: Luisa
  full_name: Bogenschütz, Luisa
  last_name: Bogenschütz
- first_name: Pia
  full_name: Fenske, Pia
  last_name: Fenske
- first_name: Shabnamalsadat
  full_name: Ayatollahi, Shabnamalsadat
  last_name: Ayatollahi
- first_name: Mohammad
  full_name: Hamzeloo, Mohammad
  last_name: Hamzeloo
- first_name: Gustavo Adolfo León
  full_name: Montoya, Gustavo Adolfo León
  last_name: Montoya
- first_name: Lisa
  full_name: Viegas, Lisa
  last_name: Viegas
- first_name: Pamela
  full_name: Baess, Pamela
  last_name: Baess
- first_name: Ryan
  full_name: Hackländer, Ryan
  last_name: Hackländer
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: nboeer
  date_created: 2023-10-05T11:33:33Z
  date_updated: 2023-10-05T11:33:33Z
  file_id: '47631'
  file_name: Böer Güldenpenning Weigelt_HExKoP 2023.pdf
  file_size: 66887
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-10-05T11:33:33Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
jel:
- I00
keyword:
- action preparation
- perception
- movement planning
- deception
language:
- iso: eng
page: 16-17
place: Hildesheim
publication: Abstracts of the 55th Autumn Meeting of Experimental Cognitive Psychology
  (HExKoP)
status: public
title: The influence of effort instructions on fake production costs in basketball
  novices and experts
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '45825'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Güldenpenning, Iris
  id: '52931'
  last_name: Güldenpenning
  orcid: 0000-0003-0549-5543
- first_name: Nils Tobias
  full_name: Böer, Nils Tobias
  id: '52000'
  last_name: Böer
  orcid: 0000-0002-0236-7282
- first_name: Wilfried
  full_name: Kunde, Wilfried
  last_name: Kunde
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Weigelt, Matthias
  id: '36388'
  last_name: Weigelt
citation:
  ama: 'Güldenpenning I, Böer NT, Kunde W, Weigelt M. Adaptation to context information
    for head fakes in basketball. In: Merz S, Frings C, Leuchtenberg B, et al., eds.
    <i>Abstracts of the 65th Conference of Experimental Psychologists (TeaP)</i>.
    ; 2023:139-140. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>'
  apa: Güldenpenning, I., Böer, N. T., Kunde, W., &#38; Weigelt, M. (2023). Adaptation
    to context information for head fakes in basketball. In S. Merz, C. Frings, B.
    Leuchtenberg, B. Moeller, S. Mueller, R. Neumann, B. Pastötter, L. Pingen, &#38;
    G. Schui (Eds.), <i>Abstracts of the 65th Conference of experimental Psychologists
    (TeaP)</i> (pp. 139–140). <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Güldenpenning_Böer_Kunde_Weigelt_2023, place={Trier}, title={Adaptation
    to context information for head fakes in basketball}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>},
    booktitle={Abstracts of the 65th Conference of experimental Psychologists (TeaP)},
    author={Güldenpenning, Iris and Böer, Nils Tobias and Kunde, Wilfried and Weigelt,
    Matthias}, editor={Merz, Simon and Frings, Christian and Leuchtenberg, Bettina
    and Moeller, Birte and Mueller, Stefanie and Neumann, Roland and Pastötter, Bernhard
    and Pingen, Leah and Schui, Gabriel}, year={2023}, pages={139–140} }'
  chicago: Güldenpenning, Iris, Nils Tobias Böer, Wilfried Kunde, and Matthias Weigelt.
    “Adaptation to Context Information for Head Fakes in Basketball.” In <i>Abstracts
    of the 65th Conference of Experimental Psychologists (TeaP)</i>, edited by Simon
    Merz, Christian Frings, Bettina Leuchtenberg, Birte Moeller, Stefanie Mueller,
    Roland Neumann, Bernhard Pastötter, Leah Pingen, and Gabriel Schui, 139–40. Trier,
    2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>.
  ieee: 'I. Güldenpenning, N. T. Böer, W. Kunde, and M. Weigelt, “Adaptation to context
    information for head fakes in basketball,” in <i>Abstracts of the 65th Conference
    of experimental Psychologists (TeaP)</i>, Trier, 2023, pp. 139–140, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>.'
  mla: Güldenpenning, Iris, et al. “Adaptation to Context Information for Head Fakes
    in Basketball.” <i>Abstracts of the 65th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
    (TeaP)</i>, edited by Simon Merz et al., 2023, pp. 139–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945">https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945</a>.
  short: 'I. Güldenpenning, N.T. Böer, W. Kunde, M. Weigelt, in: S. Merz, C. Frings,
    B. Leuchtenberg, B. Moeller, S. Mueller, R. Neumann, B. Pastötter, L. Pingen,
    G. Schui (Eds.), Abstracts of the 65th Conference of Experimental Psychologists
    (TeaP), Trier, 2023, pp. 139–140.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-03-29
  location: Trier
  name: 65th Conference of Experimental Psychologists (TeaP)
  start_date: 2023-03-26
date_created: 2023-06-30T14:16:40Z
date_updated: 2023-10-05T11:39:18Z
ddc:
- '150'
department:
- _id: '17'
- _id: '266'
doi: https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12945
editor:
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Merz, Simon
  last_name: Merz
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Frings, Christian
  last_name: Frings
- first_name: Bettina
  full_name: Leuchtenberg, Bettina
  last_name: Leuchtenberg
- first_name: Birte
  full_name: Moeller, Birte
  last_name: Moeller
- first_name: Stefanie
  full_name: Mueller, Stefanie
  last_name: Mueller
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Neumann, Roland
  last_name: Neumann
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Pastötter, Bernhard
  last_name: Pastötter
- first_name: Leah
  full_name: Pingen, Leah
  last_name: Pingen
- first_name: Gabriel
  full_name: Schui, Gabriel
  last_name: Schui
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: iguelden
  date_created: 2023-09-09T11:13:35Z
  date_updated: 2023-09-09T11:13:35Z
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  file_name: Güldenpenning et al., Abstract TeaP Trier 2023.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2023-09-09T11:13:35Z
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language:
- iso: eng
page: 139-140
place: Trier
publication: Abstracts of the 65th Conference of experimental Psychologists (TeaP)
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Adaptation to context information for head fakes in basketball
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '52000'
year: '2023'
...
