@article{58925,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
          <jats:p>Random fluctuations in somatosensory signals affect the ability of effectively coordinating multimodal information pertaining to the postural state during movement. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of a compliant surface on cortico-cortical causal information flow during multi-joint compound movements. Fifteen healthy adults (7 female / 8 male, 25.9 ± 4.0 years) performed 5 × 20 repetitions of bodyweight squats on firm and compliant surface. Motor behavior was quantified by center of pressure (CoP) displacements, hip movement and the root mean square of the rectus femoris activity. Using source space analysis, renormalized partial directed coherence (rPDC) computed subject-level multivariate effective brain connectivity of sensorimotor nodes. Bootstrap statistics revealed significantly decreased medio-lateral CoP displacement (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), significantly increased velocity of medio-lateral hip motion (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) as well as significantly lower rectus femoris activity (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) in the compliant surface condition. On the cortical level, rPDC showed significantly modulated information flow in theta and beta frequencies for fronto-parietal edges (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) only during the concentric phase of the movement. The compliant surface led to increased difficulties controlling hip but not center of pressure motion in the medio-lateral plane. Moreover, a decreased activation of the prime movers accompanied by modulations of effective brain connectivity among fronto-central nodes may point to altered demands on sensorimotor information processing in presence of sensory noise when performing bodyweight squats on compliant surface. Further studies are needed to evaluate a potential benefit for athletic and clinical populations.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton Samuel and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Dynamic modulations of effective brain connectivity associated with postural instability during multi-joint compound movement on compliant surface}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-025-07039-2}},
  volume       = {{243}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{57610,
  abstract     = {{<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Resistance training (RT) is known to induce both peripheral and central adaptations, resulting in enhanced strength, sports performance, and health benefits. These adaptations are specific to the training stimuli. The acute cortical mechanisms of single sessions resistance exercise (RE) are not yet understood. Therefore, this review investigates the electrocortical activity during acute RE regarding the specific RE stimuli.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted across three databases, focusing on the acute electrocortical activity associated with the muscle contraction type, load, and volume of RE in healthy young adults.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Out of an initial 1,332 hits, 19 studies were included for data synthesis. The findings from these studies show that the RE load, contraction type, and volume during RE significantly affect brain activity. The current literature exhibits methodological heterogeneity attributed to variations in study quality, differences in the location of cortical sources, the cortical outcome parameter and the use of diverse training interventions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Despite inconsistencies in the current literature, this review highlights the need to investigate time and frequency-specific characteristics when examining electrocortical activity during RE. More research is necessary to further explore the acute cortical mechanisms related to resistance exercise. Future research could improve our understanding of acute neural responses to RE and provide insights into mechanism underlying more long-term neuroplastic adaptations to RT.</jats:p></jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Visser, Anton Samuel and Piskin, Daghan Yüksel and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{2624-9367}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Electrocortical activity during resistance exercises in healthy young adults—a systematic review}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fspor.2024.1466776}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{31112,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Coordinative challenging exercises in changing environments referred to as open-skill exercises seem to be beneficial on cognitive function. Although electroencephalographic research allows to investigate changes in cortical processing during movement, information about cortical dynamics during open-skill exercise is lacking. Therefore, the present study examines frontal brain activation during table tennis as an open-skill exercise compared to cycling exercise and a cognitive task. 21 healthy young adults conducted three blocks of table tennis, cycling and n-back task. Throughout the experiment, cortical activity was measured using 64-channel EEG system connected to a wireless amplifier. Cortical activity was analyzed calculating theta power (4–7.5 Hz) in frontocentral clusters revealed from independent component analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify within subject differences between conditions (table tennis, cycling, n-back; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). ANOVA revealed main-effects of condition on theta power in frontal (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.35) and frontocentral (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.39) brain areas. Post-hoc tests revealed increased theta power in table tennis compared to cycling in frontal brain areas (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.42). In frontocentral brain areas, theta power was significant higher in table tennis compared to cycling (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.03) and table tennis compared to the cognitive task (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.06). Increases in theta power during continuous table tennis may reflect the increased demands in perception and processing of environmental stimuli during open-skill exercise. This study provides important insights that support the beneficial effect of open-skill exercise on brain function and suggest that using open-skill exercise may serve as an intervention to induce activation of the frontal cortex.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Visser, Anton and Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Continuous table tennis is associated with processing in frontal brain areas: an EEG approach}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-022-06366-y}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35624,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1530-0315}},
  journal      = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}},
  number       = {{9S}},
  pages        = {{565--565}},
  publisher    = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}},
  title        = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}},
  doi          = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{36936,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  location     = {{La Jolla}},
  title        = {{{Effects of surface instability on cortical information processing during multi- joint compound movements: an exploratory EEG study}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}