---
_id: '60881'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Hybrid modeling aims to combine physical and data-driven models to
    increase simulation accuracy without losing physical interpretability. In the
    context of dynamic mechanical systems, this enables the compensation of modeling
    inaccuracies that arise from simplifications, missing effects, or uncertain parameters.
    In this work, a hybrid model is used as a starting point, in which the discrepancy
    between simulation and measurement is learned and compensated by a data-driven
    correction element. To integrate such models into commercial multibody system
    (MBS) software like MSC Adams and Simpack, the formulation is adapted to operate
    directly on the force level. This allows implementation via standard co-simulation
    interfaces without modifying the system’s differential equations or solvers. The
    method is demonstrated using a single-mass oscillator with synthetic measurement
    data. Results show that the coupled simulation works reliably and that the hybrid
    model significantly improves accuracy while remaining compatible with established
    industrial simulation workflows.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Meike Claudia
  full_name: Wohlleben, Meike Claudia
  id: '43991'
  last_name: Wohlleben
  orcid: 0009-0009-9767-7168
- first_name: Jill Mercedes
  full_name: Linneweber, Jill Mercedes
  id: '57639'
  last_name: Linneweber
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schütte, Jan
  id: '22109'
  last_name: Schütte
  orcid: 0000-0001-9025-9742
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Wohlleben MC, Linneweber JM, Schütte J, Sextro W. Enabling Hybrid Modeling
    in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach. Published online 2025.'
  apa: 'Wohlleben, M. C., Linneweber, J. M., Schütte, J., &#38; Sextro, W. (2025).
    <i>Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach</i>.
    MDPI AG.'
  bibtex: '@article{Wohlleben_Linneweber_Schütte_Sextro_2025, title={Enabling Hybrid
    Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach}, publisher={MDPI
    AG}, author={Wohlleben, Meike Claudia and Linneweber, Jill Mercedes and Schütte,
    Jan and Sextro, Walter}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, Jill Mercedes Linneweber, Jan Schütte, and Walter
    Sextro. “Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach.”
    MDPI AG, 2025.'
  ieee: 'M. C. Wohlleben, J. M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, and W. Sextro, “Enabling Hybrid
    Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach.” MDPI AG, 2025.'
  mla: 'Wohlleben, Meike Claudia, et al. <i>Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial
    MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach</i>. MDPI AG, 2025.'
  short: M.C. Wohlleben, J.M. Linneweber, J. Schütte, W. Sextro, (2025).
date_created: 2025-08-06T06:42:30Z
date_updated: 2025-08-07T06:47:23Z
language:
- iso: eng
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: 'Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach'
type: preprint
user_id: '43991'
year: '2025'
...