---
_id: '47009'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present a fully integrated radio frequency identifications transponder
chip operating at 5.8 GHz, which is compatible with the class-1 generation-2 of
the Electronic Product Code protocol (EPC-C1 G2). The tag chip including the analog
front-end and the digital baseband processor, are designed in the sub-threshold
regime (0.5 V) with a total supply current of less than 50 μA. As a power scavenging
unit, a single-stage differential-drive rectifier structure is designed and fabricated
with standard threshold voltage (SVT) MOS elements in a commercial 65-nm CMOS
process, to provide 0.8 V of rectified voltage. Measurements performed on the
fabricated single-stage structure show a maximum power conversion efficiency of
69.6% for a 22 kΩ load and a sensitivity of -12.5 dBm, which corresponds to more
than 1 m of reading range. The power conversion efficiency at this range is about
64%.
author:
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: J. Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: von Bögel, Gerd
last_name: von Bögel
- first_name: Thorben
full_name: Grenter, Thorben
last_name: Grenter
citation:
ama: Haddadian S, Scheytt JC, von Bögel G, Grenter T. A Sub-Threshold Microwave
RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology. IEEE Journal of
Radio Frequency Identification. Published online 2023. doi:10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332
apa: Haddadian, S., Scheytt, J. C., von Bögel, G., & Grenter, T. (2023). A Sub-Threshold
Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology. IEEE
Journal of Radio Frequency Identification. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332
bibtex: '@article{Haddadian_Scheytt_von Bögel_Grenter_2023, title={A Sub-Threshold
Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology}, DOI={10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332},
journal={ IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Haddadian,
Sanaz and Scheytt, J. Christoph and von Bögel, Gerd and Grenter, Thorben}, year={2023}
}'
chicago: Haddadian, Sanaz, J. Christoph Scheytt, Gerd von Bögel, and Thorben Grenter.
“A Sub-Threshold Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology.”
IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332.
ieee: 'S. Haddadian, J. C. Scheytt, G. von Bögel, and T. Grenter, “A Sub-Threshold
Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology,” IEEE
Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332.'
mla: Haddadian, Sanaz, et al. “A Sub-Threshold Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible
With RFID MIMO Reader Technology.” IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,
IEEE, 2023, doi:10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332.
short: S. Haddadian, J.C. Scheytt, G. von Bögel, T. Grenter, IEEE Journal of Radio
Frequency Identification (2023).
conference:
start_date: 2023-08-29
date_created: 2023-09-13T11:08:22Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:24:24Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/JRFID.2023.3308332
language:
- iso: eng
publication: ' IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2469-7281
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: A Sub-Threshold Microwave RFID Tag Chip, Compatible With RFID MIMO Reader Technology
type: journal_article
user_id: '59648'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '24029'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this paper we present the system and circuit level analysis and feasibility
study of applying microwave Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems with
multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) reader technology for tracking machining
tools in multipath fading conditions of production environments. In the proposed
system the MIMO reader interrogates single-antenna tags, and a high RFID frequency
of 5.8 GHz is chosen to reduce the size of the reader's antenna array. According
to the requirements dictated by the performed system analysis at 5.8 GHz, a low
power fully integrated analog frontend (AFE) is designed and fabricated in a standard
65-nm CMOS technology for low power passive transponders. Performance of the Differential
Drive Rectifier (DDR) topology as the core of the energy harvesting unit is investigated
in detail. A multi-stage DDR power scavenging unit is dimensioned to provide a
1.2 V rectified voltage for 20-30 kQ load range, with a high power conversion
efficiency (PCE) for high frequency and low input power level signals. The rectified
voltage is then converted to a 1 V regulated voltage for the AFE and the baseband
processor with 30 to 50 μW of estimated power consumption. Transistors with standard
threshold voltage (VT) have been used for implementation. Measurements of the
fabricated multi-stage configuration of the circuit show a maximum PCE of 68.8%
at -12.46 dBm, and an input quality factor (Q-factor) of approximately 10. Amplitude-shift
keying (ASK) demodulator and backscattering modulator with 80% modulation index,
operating according to EPC-C1G2 protocol are applied for data transfer. The AFE
consumes less than 1 μW in the reading mode. The AFE tag chip is 0.55 × 0.58 mm
2 .
author:
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
ama: Haddadian S, Scheytt C. Analysis, Design and Implementation of a Fully Integrated
Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to be Used with Compact MIMO Readers.
IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification. Published online 2020:1-1.
doi:10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741
apa: Haddadian, S., & Scheytt, C. (2020). Analysis, Design and Implementation
of a Fully Integrated Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to be Used
with Compact MIMO Readers. IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,
1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741
bibtex: '@article{Haddadian_Scheytt_2020, title={Analysis, Design and Implementation
of a Fully Integrated Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to be Used
with Compact MIMO Readers}, DOI={10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741},
journal={IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification}, author={Haddadian, Sanaz
and Scheytt, Christoph}, year={2020}, pages={1–1} }'
chicago: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “Analysis, Design and Implementation
of a Fully Integrated Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to Be Used
with Compact MIMO Readers.” IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,
2020, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741.
ieee: 'S. Haddadian and C. Scheytt, “Analysis, Design and Implementation of a Fully
Integrated Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to be Used with Compact
MIMO Readers,” IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, pp. 1–1,
2020, doi: 10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741.'
mla: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “Analysis, Design and Implementation
of a Fully Integrated Analog Front-End for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to Be Used
with Compact MIMO Readers.” IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,
2020, pp. 1–1, doi:10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741.
short: S. Haddadian, C. Scheytt, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification
(2020) 1–1.
date_created: 2021-09-09T11:50:22Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:33:24Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/JRFID.2020.3009741
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-1
publication: IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification
status: public
title: Analysis, Design and Implementation of a Fully Integrated Analog Front-End
for Microwave RFIDs at 5.8 GHz to be Used with Compact MIMO Readers
type: journal_article
user_id: '59648'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '24057'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Targeting the feasible application of microwave RFID systems with MIMO reader
technology for tracking small objects in multipath fading conditions, we present
a fully integrated Analog Front-End (AFE) designed and fabricated in a standard
65-nm CMOS technology for low power passive RFID tags in the 5.8 GHz ISM band.
A differential drive power scavenging unit is dimensioned to provide a 1.2 V rectified
voltage resulting in a 1 V regulated voltage for the AFE while supplying a 50
μW load. Transistors with standard threshold voltage (V th ) have been used for
implementation. Measurements of the fabricated circuits show a maximum Power Conversion
Efficiency (PCE) of 71.8% at -12.5 dBm, and an input quality factor (Q-factor)
of approximately 10.
author:
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
ama: 'Haddadian S, Scheytt C. A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting RF Energy
Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with MIMO Reader. In: IEEE International Conference
on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) . ; 2019. doi:10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037'
apa: Haddadian, S., & Scheytt, C. (2019). A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting
RF Energy Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with MIMO Reader. IEEE International
Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) . https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Haddadian_Scheytt_2019, place={Pisa, Italy}, title={A 5.8
GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting RF Energy Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with
MIMO Reader}, DOI={10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037},
booktitle={IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application
(RFID-TA) }, author={Haddadian, Sanaz and Scheytt, Christoph}, year={2019} }'
chicago: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End
Targeting RF Energy Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with MIMO Reader.” In IEEE
International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) .
Pisa, Italy, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037.
ieee: 'S. Haddadian and C. Scheytt, “A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting RF
Energy Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with MIMO Reader,” 2019, doi: 10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037.'
mla: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting
RF Energy Harvesting for Microwave RFIDs with MIMO Reader.” IEEE International
Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) , 2019, doi:10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037.
short: 'S. Haddadian, C. Scheytt, in: IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology
& Application (RFID-TA) , Pisa, Italy, 2019.'
conference:
end_date: 2019.09.27
start_date: 2019.09.25
date_created: 2021-09-09T12:26:13Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:26:02Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1109/RFID-TA.2019.8892037
language:
- iso: eng
place: Pisa, Italy
publication: 'IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA) '
status: public
title: A 5.8 GHz CMOS Analog Front-End Targeting RF Energy Harvesting for Microwave
RFIDs with MIMO Reader
type: conference
user_id: '59648'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '24193'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A complete system analysis for an integrated passive RFID transponder designed
at 5.8 GHz range is presented, and a comprehensive set of design concerns for
the rectifier circuit as the core of the harvesting block is also discussed. The
system analysis is complemented by transistor-level design and simulation of harvesting
circuits in a commercial 65 nm CMOS technology. A differential drive rectifier
(DDR) has been selected as the most efficient harvesting topology for microwave
frequency applications, which works at very low input power levels. The circuit
was designed and simulated including chip layout parasitics and antenna matching
circuitry. Considering the power budget of the tag chip, a power conversion efficiency
of roughly 68.4% is achieved in simulation for an input RF power of around -11.26dBm.
author:
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
citation:
ama: 'Haddadian S, Scheytt C. Wireless Energy Harvesting in RFID Applications at
5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis. In: Electromagnetics Research Symposium.
Vol 40th. ; 2018. doi:10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594'
apa: Haddadian, S., & Scheytt, C. (2018). Wireless Energy Harvesting in RFID
Applications at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis. Electromagnetics Research
Symposium, 40th. https://doi.org/10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Haddadian_Scheytt_2018, place={Japan/Toyama}, title={Wireless
Energy Harvesting in RFID Applications at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis},
volume={40th}, DOI={10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594},
booktitle={Electromagnetics Research Symposium}, author={Haddadian, Sanaz and
Scheytt, Christoph}, year={2018} }'
chicago: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “Wireless Energy Harvesting in
RFID Applications at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis.” In Electromagnetics
Research Symposium, Vol. 40th. Japan/Toyama, 2018. https://doi.org/10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594.
ieee: 'S. Haddadian and C. Scheytt, “Wireless Energy Harvesting in RFID Applications
at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis,” in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Toyama,
Japan, 2018, vol. 40th, doi: 10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594.'
mla: Haddadian, Sanaz, and Christoph Scheytt. “Wireless Energy Harvesting in RFID
Applications at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System Analysis.” Electromagnetics Research
Symposium, vol. 40th, 2018, doi:10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594.
short: 'S. Haddadian, C. Scheytt, in: Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Japan/Toyama,
2018.'
conference:
end_date: 2018.08.04
location: ' Toyama, Japan'
start_date: 2018.08.01
date_created: 2021-09-13T07:37:59Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:25:10Z
department:
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597594
language:
- iso: eng
place: Japan/Toyama
publication: Electromagnetics Research Symposium
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- 978-4-8855-2316-8
eissn:
- '1559-9450 '
status: public
title: Wireless Energy Harvesting in RFID Applications at 5.8 GHz ISM Band, a System
Analysis
type: conference
user_id: '59648'
volume: 40th
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '24219'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In this paper we present theoretical, simulated and measured data for a reader
to tag communication RFID system at 5.8 GHz. First a theoretical link budget analysis
for a reader to tag architecture is shown for a wireless industrial application
at 1m distance. This includes a power budget of the passively powered transponder.
The received power level of the backscattered data for the theoretical link budget
is -52:5 dBm. For the first setup slot antennas are developed and measured in
the anechoic chamber. The measured gain is 4.0 dB. The power of the backscatter
data in setup 1 is -74:8 dBm. This corresponds to the theoretical link budget
since, all losses such as cable or lower antenna gain are taken into account.
Setup 2 is upgraded on the reader side with horn antennas. At 5.8 GHz, the gain
reaches the value of 10.8 dB. The second setup shows improvement in the receiving
backscattered power to a value of -62:4 dBm. Furthermore, as a solution to detect
those transponders not presented in the main slope of the antenna, a steerable
beam is introduced by means of a Rotman lens. On the topic of the passive transponder,
different harvesting topologies at 5.8 GHz are investigated, and the efficiency
simulation of the harvesting circuitry has been performed. The simulated efficiency
of the implemented technique is 68 %.
author:
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Kuhn, Peter
last_name: Kuhn
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: Frederic
full_name: Meyer, Frederic
last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Marc
full_name: Hoffmann, Marc
last_name: Hoffmann
- first_name: Anton
full_name: Grabmaier, Anton
last_name: Grabmaier
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Kaiser, Thomas
last_name: Kaiser
citation:
ama: 'Kuhn P, Haddadian S, Meyer F, et al. SHF RFID System for Automatic Process
Optimization with Intelligent Tools. In: Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference
on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies. VDE ITG; 2017.'
apa: Kuhn, P., Haddadian, S., Meyer, F., Hoffmann, M., Grabmaier, A., Scheytt, C.,
& Kaiser, T. (2017). SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization with
Intelligent Tools. Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on Smart Objects,
Systems and Technologies.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kuhn_Haddadian_Meyer_Hoffmann_Grabmaier_Scheytt_Kaiser_2017,
place={München, Germany}, title={SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization
with Intelligent Tools}, booktitle={Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on
Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies}, publisher={VDE ITG}, author={Kuhn, Peter
and Haddadian, Sanaz and Meyer, Frederic and Hoffmann, Marc and Grabmaier, Anton
and Scheytt, Christoph and Kaiser, Thomas}, year={2017} }'
chicago: 'Kuhn, Peter, Sanaz Haddadian, Frederic Meyer, Marc Hoffmann, Anton Grabmaier,
Christoph Scheytt, and Thomas Kaiser. “SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization
with Intelligent Tools.” In Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on Smart
Objects, Systems and Technologies. München, Germany: VDE ITG, 2017.'
ieee: P. Kuhn et al., “SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization
with Intelligent Tools,” 2017.
mla: Kuhn, Peter, et al. “SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization with
Intelligent Tools.” Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on Smart Objects,
Systems and Technologies, VDE ITG, 2017.
short: 'P. Kuhn, S. Haddadian, F. Meyer, M. Hoffmann, A. Grabmaier, C. Scheytt,
T. Kaiser, in: Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems
and Technologies, VDE ITG, München, Germany, 2017.'
date_created: 2021-09-13T08:20:34Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:23:57Z
department:
- _id: '58'
language:
- iso: eng
place: München, Germany
publication: Smart SysTech 2017; European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and
Technologies
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-8007-4428-2
publisher: VDE ITG
status: public
title: SHF RFID System for Automatic Process Optimization with Intelligent Tools
type: conference
user_id: '59648'
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '24222'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This paper focuses on the design of a high\r\nefficiency cross-connected
differential drive rectifier for\r\nnext-generation passive RFID tags. To provide
a\r\nrealistic estimation of the transponders’power and\r\nefficiency requirements
at 5.8 GHz, detailed\r\nlink/power-budget analysis for various blocks of the tag\r\nchip
is carried out. From link budget analysis realistic\r\nRF power levels
\ are obtained and a rectifier with high\r\nconversion efficiency at low
\ power levels is designed.\r\nSimulations based on a commercial 65nm CMOS\r\ntechnology
\ investigate the suitability of the harvesting\r\ncircuit for 5.8 GHz RFID
tags."
author:
- first_name: Sanaz
full_name: Haddadian, Sanaz
id: '59648'
last_name: Haddadian
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Scheytt, Christoph
id: '37144'
last_name: Scheytt
orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Kramer, Roland
last_name: Kramer
citation:
ama: 'Haddadian S, Scheytt C, Kramer R. Energy Harvesting Analysis for Next Generation
Passive RFID Tags. In: ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium. Technische
Universität Berlin; 2017:18.'
apa: Haddadian, S., Scheytt, C., & Kramer, R. (2017). Energy Harvesting Analysis
for Next Generation Passive RFID Tags. ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium,
18.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Haddadian_Scheytt_Kramer_2017, place={Berlin, Germany},
title={Energy Harvesting Analysis for Next Generation Passive RFID Tags}, booktitle={ANALOG
2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium}, publisher={Technische Universität Berlin}, author={Haddadian,
Sanaz and Scheytt, Christoph and Kramer, Roland}, year={2017}, pages={18} }'
chicago: 'Haddadian, Sanaz, Christoph Scheytt, and Roland Kramer. “Energy Harvesting
Analysis for Next Generation Passive RFID Tags.” In ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium,
18. Berlin, Germany: Technische Universität Berlin, 2017.'
ieee: S. Haddadian, C. Scheytt, and R. Kramer, “Energy Harvesting Analysis for Next
Generation Passive RFID Tags,” in ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium,
2017, p. 18.
mla: Haddadian, Sanaz, et al. “Energy Harvesting Analysis for Next Generation Passive
RFID Tags.” ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium, Technische Universität
Berlin, 2017, p. 18.
short: 'S. Haddadian, C. Scheytt, R. Kramer, in: ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium,
Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2017, p. 18.'
date_created: 2021-09-13T08:20:37Z
date_updated: 2025-02-13T14:24:50Z
department:
- _id: '58'
language:
- iso: eng
page: '18'
place: Berlin, Germany
publication: ANALOG 2017; 16th ITG/GMM-Symposium
publisher: Technische Universität Berlin
status: public
title: Energy Harvesting Analysis for Next Generation Passive RFID Tags
type: conference
user_id: '59648'
year: '2017'
...