[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"54355","user_id":"71291","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management","title":"Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 kW Automotive On-Board DC-DC","conference":{"location":"Nuremberg"},"date_updated":"2024-05-19T14:16:19Z","date_created":"2024-05-19T14:14:56Z","author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","id":"60223","full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","last_name":"Urbaneck"},{"first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Wiegard, Jan","last_name":"Wiegard"},{"last_name":"Schafmeister","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291","first_name":"Frank"}],"place":"Nuremberg","year":"2024","citation":{"ieee":"D. Urbaneck, J. Wiegard, and F. Schafmeister, “Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 kW Automotive On-Board DC-DC,” Nuremberg.","chicago":"Urbaneck, Daniel, Jan Wiegard, and Frank Schafmeister. “Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 KW Automotive On-Board DC-DC.” In <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>. Nuremberg, n.d.","ama":"Urbaneck D, Wiegard J, Schafmeister F. Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 kW Automotive On-Board DC-DC. In: <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>.","short":"D. Urbaneck, J. Wiegard, F. Schafmeister, in: PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Nuremberg, n.d.","mla":"Urbaneck, Daniel, et al. “Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 KW Automotive On-Board DC-DC.” <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Urbaneck_Wiegard_Schafmeister, place={Nuremberg}, title={Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 kW Automotive On-Board DC-DC}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Urbaneck, Daniel and Wiegard, Jan and Schafmeister, Frank} }","apa":"Urbaneck, D., Wiegard, J., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (n.d.). Analysis of Inverter Operation Modes of an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter for a 2 kW Automotive On-Board DC-DC. <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>."},"publication_status":"inpress"},{"conference":{"location":"Nuremberg"},"title":"Pitfalls and their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test","author":[{"last_name":"Förster","id":"83383","full_name":"Förster, Nikolas","first_name":"Nikolas"},{"full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","id":"60223","last_name":"Urbaneck","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Benedikt","last_name":"Kohlhepp","full_name":"Kohlhepp, Benedikt"},{"full_name":"Kübrich, Daniel","last_name":"Kübrich","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291"}],"date_created":"2024-05-19T14:10:49Z","date_updated":"2024-05-19T14:11:20Z","citation":{"apa":"Förster, N., Urbaneck, D., Kohlhepp, B., Kübrich, D., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (n.d.). Pitfalls and their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test. <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>.","short":"N. Förster, D. Urbaneck, B. Kohlhepp, D. Kübrich, F. Schafmeister, in: PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Nuremberg, n.d.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Förster_Urbaneck_Kohlhepp_Kübrich_Schafmeister, place={Nuremberg}, title={Pitfalls and their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, author={Förster, Nikolas and Urbaneck, Daniel and Kohlhepp, Benedikt and Kübrich, Daniel and Schafmeister, Frank} }","mla":"Förster, Nikolas, et al. “Pitfalls and Their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test.” <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>.","ama":"Förster N, Urbaneck D, Kohlhepp B, Kübrich D, Schafmeister F. Pitfalls and their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test. In: <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>.","chicago":"Förster, Nikolas, Daniel Urbaneck, Benedikt Kohlhepp, Daniel Kübrich, and Frank Schafmeister. “Pitfalls and Their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test.” In <i>PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management</i>. Nuremberg, n.d.","ieee":"N. Förster, D. Urbaneck, B. Kohlhepp, D. Kübrich, and F. Schafmeister, “Pitfalls and their Avoidability in the Double-Pulse Test,” Nuremberg."},"year":"2024","place":"Nuremberg","publication_status":"inpress","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"71291","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"_id":"54354","status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe 2024; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management"},{"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management ","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"71291","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"_id":"54352","citation":{"ieee":"D. Urbaneck, J. Böcker, and F. Schafmeister, “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage,” Nuremberg, 2023.","chicago":"Urbaneck, Daniel, Joachim Böcker, and Frank Schafmeister. “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” In <i>PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management </i>. Nuremberg, 2023.","ama":"Urbaneck D, Böcker J, Schafmeister F. Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. In: <i>PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management </i>. ; 2023.","apa":"Urbaneck, D., Böcker, J., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (2023). Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. <i>PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management </i>.","short":"D. Urbaneck, J. Böcker, F. Schafmeister, in: PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management , Nuremberg, 2023.","mla":"Urbaneck, Daniel, et al. “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” <i>PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management </i>, 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Urbaneck_Böcker_Schafmeister_2023, place={Nuremberg}, title={Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2023; IEEE International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management }, author={Urbaneck, Daniel and Böcker, Joachim and Schafmeister, Frank}, year={2023} }"},"year":"2023","place":"Nuremberg","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-8007-6091-6"]},"conference":{"location":"Nuremberg"},"title":"Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage","date_created":"2024-05-19T13:38:09Z","author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Urbaneck","full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","id":"60223"},{"first_name":"Joachim","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim"},{"full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291","last_name":"Schafmeister","first_name":"Frank"}],"date_updated":"2024-05-19T14:03:40Z"},{"keyword":["LLC Converter","IGBT","ZCS","Synchronous Rectification"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"46269","user_id":"60223","abstract":[{"text":"State-of-the-art LLC resonant converters use MOSFETs in their inverter stage, which allows high switching frequencies and thus the use of compact magnetic components. The large parasitic output capacitance and the poor reverse-recovery behaviour of the inherent body diode of high-voltage (600 V) silicon MOSFETs require soft switching, i.e. zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Otherwise, the high turn-on switching losses would lead to excessive heating and ultimately to the destruction of the switch. Therefore, MOSFET-based LLC converters are operated in the so-called inductive region only, which enables ZVS. The use of robust and cost-effective IGBTs instead of MOSFETs is particularly advantageous for automotive applications, since in addition to high reliability low costs are an important objective here. Since IGBTs are characterized by dominant turn-off losses and generally higher switching losses compared to MOSFETs, the aim is to operate them with zero-current switching (ZCS) and at low switching frequencies below the resonance frequency. In this region also the voltage transfer characteristic is steeper, which qualifies for applications with a strongly varying input-to-output voltage ratio, such as given for automotive on-board DC-DC converters connecting the (high-voltage) traction battery with the (12 V) auxiliary battery. In this paper, a stress value analysis based on a switched-model simulation is used to design a ZCS LLC converter and take advantage of the mentioned benefits of IGBTs as well as of the steeper voltage transfer characteristic. Within this operation region below the resonance frequency, however, a new phenomenon of several current pulses occurring during a single switching period through the rectifier components may appear. Generally, in applications with high output currents a synchronous rectifier (SR) is often used to keep the conduction losses of the rectifier stage at a moderate level: Low-voltage MOSFETs, which actively need to be gated synchronously to the polarity of the current pulses, are employed then instead of more lossy rectifier diodes. However, standard SR driver ICs have been shown to be unable to properly rectify the multi-pulse output currents of the proposed LLC operation, resulting in high conduction losses of the rectifier stage. A cost-effective hardware concept is presented which ensures proper rectification by using standard SR-ICs that are actively overdriven by the converter’s central microcontroller. A 2 kW prototype for an EV on-board DC-DC converter was built to show the effectiveness of the method, documenting an increase in efficiency by up to 4.1 % compared to a purely SR-IC-based solution. Overall efficiency is very similar to that of a conventional (MOSFET-based) LLC converter so that the ZCS-operated LLC IGBT-converter represents a cost-effective alternative, which even shows 10 % less worst-case losses.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"PCIM Europe 2023","title":"Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10173337"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2023-05-09","name":"PCIM Europe 2023","location":"Nürnberg","end_date":"2023-05-11"},"date_updated":"2023-08-02T11:30:23Z","author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","id":"60223","last_name":"Urbaneck"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister"},{"last_name":"Böcker","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","first_name":"Joachim"}],"date_created":"2023-08-02T11:27:32Z","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Urbaneck D, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. In: <i>PCIM Europe 2023</i>. ; 2023.","apa":"Urbaneck, D., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2023). Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. <i>PCIM Europe 2023</i>. PCIM Europe 2023, Nürnberg.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Urbaneck_Schafmeister_Böcker_2023, title={Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage}, booktitle={PCIM Europe 2023}, author={Urbaneck, Daniel and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2023} }","short":"D. Urbaneck, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe 2023, 2023.","mla":"Urbaneck, Daniel, et al. “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” <i>PCIM Europe 2023</i>, 2023.","chicago":"Urbaneck, Daniel, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” In <i>PCIM Europe 2023</i>, 2023.","ieee":"D. Urbaneck, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Advanced Synchronous Rectification for an IGBT-Based ZCS LLC Converter with High Output Currents for a 2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage,” presented at the PCIM Europe 2023, Nürnberg, 2023."},"publication_status":"published"},{"date_updated":"2022-02-23T16:12:38Z","author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Urbaneck","full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","id":"60223"},{"first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Rehlaender, Philipp","id":"69469","last_name":"Rehlaender"},{"last_name":"Böcker","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66","first_name":"Joachim"},{"first_name":"Frank","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister"}],"date_created":"2022-02-18T09:36:01Z","title":"LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 kW DC-DC Converter for EVs","conference":{"end_date":"2021-06-17","location":"Arizona","name":"Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC)","start_date":"2021-06-14"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9487109"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2021","citation":{"ieee":"D. Urbaneck, P. Rehlaender, J. Böcker, and F. Schafmeister, “LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 kW DC-DC Converter for EVs,” presented at the Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Arizona, 2021.","chicago":"Urbaneck, Daniel, Philipp Rehlaender, Joachim Böcker, and Frank Schafmeister. “LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 KW DC-DC Converter for EVs.” In <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>, 2021.","ama":"Urbaneck D, Rehlaender P, Böcker J, Schafmeister F. LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 kW DC-DC Converter for EVs. In: <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. ; 2021.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Urbaneck_Rehlaender_Böcker_Schafmeister_2021, title={LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 kW DC-DC Converter for EVs}, booktitle={2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)}, author={Urbaneck, Daniel and Rehlaender, Philipp and Böcker, Joachim and Schafmeister, Frank}, year={2021} }","mla":"Urbaneck, Daniel, et al. “LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 KW DC-DC Converter for EVs.” <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>, 2021.","short":"D. Urbaneck, P. Rehlaender, J. Böcker, F. Schafmeister, in: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2021.","apa":"Urbaneck, D., Rehlaender, P., Böcker, J., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (2021). LLC Converter in Capacitive Operation Utilizing ZCS for IGBTs – Theory, Concept and Verification of a 2 kW DC-DC Converter for EVs. <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC), Arizona."},"_id":"29871","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"60223","ddc":["620"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"LLC resonant converters typically employ power\r\nMOSFETs in their inverter stage. The generally weak reverse\r\nrecovery behaviour of the intrinsic body diodes of those\r\nMOSFETs causes significant turn-on losses when being forced\r\nto hard commutations. Continuous operation in this way will\r\nlead to self-destruction of the transistors. Consequently,\r\nzero-voltage switching (ZVS) is essential in a MOSFET-based\r\ninverter stage. To ensure ZVS, the LLC converter is operated in\r\nthe inductive region. On the contrary, IGBTs show dominant\r\nturn-off losses and are therefore conventionally not applied in\r\nLLC converters typically requiring high switching frequencies\r\nto achieve low output voltages. However, if the LLC converter\r\nis intentionally designed for capacitive operation, zero-current\r\nswitching (ZCS) is enabled and thus robust and cost-efficient\r\nIGBTs can be applied in the inverter stage. The aim of this work\r\nis to investigate the use IGBTs in the inverter of an LLC\r\nconverter. The theory behind the capacitive operated LLC is\r\nderived using a switched simulation model and compared with\r\nthe fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA). The results\r\nprove FHA to be useless for practical converter design. Instead,\r\na stress value analysis based on switched model simulations is\r\nproposed to the design a capacitive operated LLC utilizing ZCS.\r\nA 2 kW prototype for on-board EV applications was built to\r\nverify the theory and design approach. The prototype confirms\r\nthe derived theory and thus the deployment of IGBTs in the\r\ninverter stage of LLC resonant converters. Synchronous\r\nrectification turns out to require a specific control solution, but\r\nif given the resulting efficiency in the most critical operation\r\npoint exceeds the value of a MOSFET-based (inductive\r\noperated) LLC-design of an identical application. Therefore,\r\nthis concept should be further developed."}],"status":"public"},{"citation":{"mla":"Urbaneck, Daniel, et al. “LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation Utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020</i>, 2020.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Urbaneck_Rehlaender_Schafmeister_Böcker_2020, title={LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage}, booktitle={PCIM Europe digital days 2020}, author={Urbaneck, Daniel and Rehlaender, Philipp and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2020} }","short":"D. Urbaneck, P. Rehlaender, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020, 2020.","apa":"Urbaneck, D., Rehlaender, P., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2020). LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020</i>. Power Conversion and Intelligent Motion (PCIM), Nürnberg.","ama":"Urbaneck D, Rehlaender P, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage. In: <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020</i>. ; 2020.","ieee":"D. Urbaneck, P. Rehlaender, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage,” presented at the Power Conversion and Intelligent Motion (PCIM), Nürnberg, 2020.","chicago":"Urbaneck, Daniel, Philipp Rehlaender, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation Utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 KW Automotive DC-DC Stage.” In <i>PCIM Europe Digital Days 2020</i>, 2020."},"year":"2020","has_accepted_license":"1","conference":{"start_date":"2020-07-07","name":"Power Conversion and Intelligent Motion (PCIM)","location":"Nürnberg","end_date":"2020-07-08"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9178220"}],"title":"LLC Converter Design in Capacitive Operation utilizes ZCS for IGBTs – a Concept Study for a 2.2 kW Automotive DC-DC Stage","date_created":"2022-02-18T09:42:28Z","author":[{"id":"60223","full_name":"Urbaneck, Daniel","last_name":"Urbaneck","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Philipp","id":"69469","full_name":"Rehlaender, Philipp","last_name":"Rehlaender"},{"id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","first_name":"Frank"},{"first_name":"Joachim","id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","orcid":" https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-23T16:12:56Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"LLC resonant converters generally employ MOSFETs in the inverter stage, which can be of half-bridge\r\n(HB) or full-bridge (FB) type. The generally weak intrinsic (body) diodes of the MOSFETs cause turn-on\r\nlosses when being forced to hard current commutations finally leading to the components self-destruction when operated constantly in this way. Consequently, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation is more or less essential in a silicon (Si) MOSFET-based HB or FB. To ensure ZVS, the LLC is operated in the inductive region, i.e. with lagging resonant current. On the contrary, IGBTs show dominant turn-off losses\r\nand therefore are conventionally not applied in LLCs typically requiring high switching frequencies to achieve low output voltages. Yet, if the LLC is intentionally designed for the capacitive region, i. e.\r\noperation with leading current, zero-current switching (ZCS) enabling IGBTs in the inverter stage can be ensured. This paper explores in detail the LLC in the capacitive operating region and gives design considerations for a capacitive LLC utilizing both robust and cost-efficient IGBTs for an exemplary 2.2 kW\r\nautomotive on-board DC-DC converter application. The results of a loss analysis show that the LLC resonant converter can be operated well in the capacitive region. In the given case, significantly lower\r\noverall and 30 % lower inverter stage losses are achieved in the thermally relevant worst-case comparison with an inductive LLC based on Si MOSFETs."}],"publication":"PCIM Europe digital days 2020","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["620"],"department":[{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"60223","_id":"29874"}]