TY - JOUR
AB - Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) show near unity efficiency, low dark count rate, and short recovery time. Combining these characteristics with temporal control of SNSPDs broadens their applications as in active de-latching for higher dynamic range counting or temporal filtering for pump-probe spectroscopy or LiDAR. To that end, we demonstrate active gating of an SNSPD with a minimum off-to-on rise time of 2.4 ns and a total gate length of 5.0 ns. We show how the rise time depends on the inductance of the detector in combination with the control electronics. The gate window is demonstrated to be fully and freely, electrically tunable up to 500 ns at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz, as well as ungated, free-running operation. Control electronics to generate the gating are mounted on the 2.3 K stage of a closed-cycle sorption cryostat, while the detector is operated on the cold stage at 0.8 K. We show that the efficiency and timing jitter of the detector is not altered during the on-time of the gating window. We exploit gated operation to demonstrate a method to increase in the photon counting dynamic range by a factor 11.2, as well as temporal filtering of a strong pump in an emulated pump-probe experiment.
AU - Hummel, Thomas
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Höpker, Jan Philipp
AU - Jöns, Klaus
AU - Chang, Jin
AU - Fognini, Andreas
AU - Steinhauer, Stephan
AU - Zwiller, Val
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Bartley, Tim
ID - 36471
IS - 1
JF - Optics Express
KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics
KW - and Optics
SN - 1094-4087
TI - Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry
VL - 31
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Golla, Christian
AU - Weber, Nils
AU - Mackwitz, Peter
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Meier, Cedrik
ID - 29716
IS - 4
JF - Optics Express
KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics
KW - and Optics
SN - 1094-4087
TI - Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation in silicon dioxide
VL - 30
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - AbstractTailored nanoscale quantum light sources, matching the specific needs of use cases, are crucial building blocks for photonic quantum technologies. Several different approaches to realize solid-state quantum emitters with high performance have been pursued and different concepts for energy tuning have been established. However, the properties of the emitted photons are always defined by the individual quantum emitter and can therefore not be controlled with full flexibility. Here we introduce an all-optical nonlinear method to tailor and control the single photon emission. We demonstrate a laser-controlled down-conversion process from an excited state of a semiconductor quantum three-level system. Based on this concept, we realize energy tuning and polarization control of the single photon emission with a control-laser field. Our results mark an important step towards tailored single photon emission from a photonic quantum system based on quantum optical principles.
AU - Jonas, B.
AU - Heinze, D.
AU - Schöll, E.
AU - Kallert, P.
AU - Langer, T.
AU - Krehs, S.
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Jöns, K. D.
AU - Reuter, D.
AU - Schumacher, S.
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 30385
IS - 1
JF - Nature Communications
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology
KW - General Chemistry
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Nonlinear down-conversion in a single quantum dot
VL - 13
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Praschan, Tom
AU - Heinze, Dirk
AU - Breddermann, Dominik
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Walther, Andrea
AU - Schumacher, Stefan
ID - 30384
IS - 4
JF - Physical Review B
SN - 2469-9950
TI - Pulse shaping for on-demand emission of single Raman photons from a quantum-dot biexciton
VL - 105
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - AbstractTailored nanoscale quantum light sources, matching the specific needs of use cases, are crucial building blocks for photonic quantum technologies. Several different approaches to realize solid-state quantum emitters with high performance have been pursued and different concepts for energy tuning have been established. However, the properties of the emitted photons are always defined by the individual quantum emitter and can therefore not be controlled with full flexibility. Here we introduce an all-optical nonlinear method to tailor and control the single photon emission. We demonstrate a laser-controlled down-conversion process from an excited state of a semiconductor quantum three-level system. Based on this concept, we realize energy tuning and polarization control of the single photon emission with a control-laser field. Our results mark an important step towards tailored single photon emission from a photonic quantum system based on quantum optical principles.
AU - Jonas, B.
AU - Heinze, Dirk Florian
AU - Schöll, E.
AU - Kallert, P.
AU - Langer, T.
AU - Krehs, S.
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Jöns, Klaus
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Schumacher, Stefan
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 40523
IS - 1
JF - Nature Communications
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology
KW - General Chemistry
KW - Multidisciplinary
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Nonlinear down-conversion in a single quantum dot
VL - 13
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Praschan, Tom
AU - Heinze, Dirk
AU - Breddermann, Dominik
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Walther, Andrea
AU - Schumacher, Stefan
ID - 40431
IS - 4
JF - Physical Review B
SN - 2469-9950
TI - Pulse shaping for on-demand emission of single Raman photons from a quantum-dot biexciton
VL - 105
ER -
TY - DATA
AU - Jonas, Björn
AU - Heinze, Dirk Florian
AU - Schöll, Eva
AU - Kallert, Patricia
AU - Langer, Timo
AU - Krehs, Sebastian
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Jöns, Klaus
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 40428
TI - Nonlinear down-conversion in a single quantum dot
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - In our work, we have engineered low capacitance single quantum dot
photodiodes as sensor devices for the optoelectronic sampling of ultrafast
electric signals. By the Stark effect, a time-dependent electric signal is
converted into a time-dependent shift of the transition energy. This shift is
measured accurately by resonant ps laser spectroscopy with photocurrent
detection. In our experiments, we sample the laser synchronous output pulse of
an ultrafast CMOS circuit with high resolution. With our quantum dot sensor
device, we were able to sample transients below 20 ps with a voltage resolution
in the mV-range.
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Krehs, Sebastian
AU - Siebert, Dustin
AU - Sharma, Nand Lal
AU - Langer, Timo
AU - Jonas, Björn
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Thiede, Andreas
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 22802
T2 - arXiv:2106.00994
TI - Optoelectronic sampling of ultrafast electric transients with single quantum dots
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - Photonic quantum technologies [1] with applications in quantum
communication, sensing as well as quantum simulation and computing, are on the
verge of becoming commercially available. One crucial building block are
tailored nanoscale integratable quantum light sources, matching the specific
needs of use-cases. Several different approaches to realize solid-state quantum
emitters [2] with high performance [3] have been pursued. However, the
properties of the emitted single photons are always defined by the individual
quantum light source and despite numerous quantum emitter tuning
techniques [4-7], scalability is still a major challenge. Here we show an
emitter-independent method to tailor and control the properties of the single
photon emission. We demonstrate a laser-controlled down-conversion process from
an excited state of a quantum three-level system [8]. Starting from a biexciton
state, a tunable control laser field defines a virtual state in a stimulated
process. From there, spontaneous emission to the ground state leads to
optically controlled single photon emission. Based on this concept, we
demonstrate energy tuning of the single photon emission with a control laser
field. The nature of the involved quantum states furthermore provides a unique
basis for the future control of polarization and bandwidth, as predicted by
theory [9,10]. Our demonstration marks an important step towards tailored
single photon emission from a photonic quantum system based on quantum optical
principles.
AU - Jonas, B.
AU - Heinze, D.
AU - Schöll, E.
AU - Kallert, P.
AU - Langer, T.
AU - Krehs, S.
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Jöns, K. D.
AU - Reuter, D.
AU - Schumacher, S.
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 22807
T2 - arXiv:2105.12393
TI - Nonlinear down-conversion in a single quantum dot
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - In our work, we have engineered low capacitance single quantum dot photodiodes as sensor devices for the optoelectronic sampling of ultrafast electric signals. By the Stark effect, a time-dependent electric signal is converted into a time-dependent shift of the transition energy. This shift is measured accurately by resonant ps laser spectroscopy with photocurrent detection. In our experiments, we sample the laser synchronous output pulse of an ultrafast CMOS circuit with high resolution. With our quantum dot sensor device, we were able to sample transients below 20 ps with a voltage resolution in the mV-range.
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Krehs, Sebastian
AU - Siebert, Dustin
AU - Sharma, Nand Lal
AU - Langer, Timo
AU - Jonas, Björn
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Thiede, Andreas
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 27099
JF - Applied Physics Letters
KW - tet_topic_qd
SN - 0003-6951
TI - Optoelectronic sampling of ultrafast electric transients with single quantum dots
VL - 119
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) is a nonlinear optical material with applications in high-power frequency conversion or quasi-phase matching in submicron period domain grids. A prerequisite for these applications is a precise control and understanding of the poling mechanisms to enable the fabrication of high-grade domain grids. In contrast to the widely used material lithium niobate, the domain growth in KTP is less studied, because many standard methods, such as selective etching or polarization microscopy, provides less insight or are not applicable on non-polar surfaces, respectively. In this work, we present results of confocal Raman-spectroscopy of the ferroelectric domain structure in KTP. This analytical method allows for the visualization of domain grids of the non-polar KTP y-face and therefore more insight into the domain-growth and -structure in KTP, which can be used for improved domain fabrication.
AU - Brockmeier, Julian
AU - Mackwitz, Peter Walter Martin
AU - Rüsing, Michael
AU - Eigner, Christof
AU - Padberg, Laura
AU - Santandrea, Matteo
AU - Silberhorn, Christine
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Berth, Gerhard
ID - 23826
JF - Crystals
SN - 2073-4352
TI - Non-Invasive Visualization of Ferroelectric Domain Structures on the Non-Polar y-Surface of KTiOPO4 via Raman Imaging
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Spychala, K. J.
AU - Mackwitz, P.
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Berth, Gerhard
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 22054
JF - Journal of Applied Physics
SN - 0021-8979
TI - Spatially resolved light field analysis of the second-harmonic signal of χ(2)-materials in the tight focusing regime
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Mukherjee, Amlan
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Siebert, Dustin
AU - Krehs, Sebastian
AU - Sharma, Nandlal
AU - Thiede, Andreas
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 17322
JF - Applied Physics Letters
KW - tet_topic_qd
SN - 0003-6951
TI - Electrically controlled rapid adiabatic passage in a single quantum dot
VL - 116
ER -
TY - GEN
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Mukherjee, A.
AU - Krehs, S.
AU - Jonas, B.
AU - Spychala, K.
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Thiede, Andreas
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 39966
T2 - 11th International Conference on Quantum Dots
TI - Ultrafast electric control of a single QD exciton
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Spychala, K. J.
AU - Mackwitz, P.
AU - Rüsing, Michael
AU - Widhalm, A.
AU - Berth, Gerhard
AU - Silberhorn, Christine
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 22056
JF - Journal of Applied Physics
SN - 0021-8979
TI - Nonlinear focal mapping of ferroelectric domain walls in LiNbO3: Analysis of the SHG microscopy contrast mechanism
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Padberg, Laura
AU - Santandrea, Matteo
AU - Rüsing, Michael
AU - Brockmeier, Julian
AU - Mackwitz, Peter
AU - Berth, Gerhard
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Eigner, Christof
AU - Silberhorn, Christine
ID - 25920
JF - Optics Express
SN - 1094-4087
TI - Characterisation of width-dependent diffusion dynamics in rubidium-exchanged KTP waveguides
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - We report on the coherent phase manipulation of quantum dot excitons by electric means. For our
experiments, we use a low capacitance single quantum dot photodiode which is electrically
controlled by a custom designed SiGe:C BiCMOS chip. The phase manipulation is performed and
quantified in a Ramsey experiment, where ultrafast transient detuning of the exciton energy is
performed synchronous to double pulse p/2 ps laser excitation. We are able to demonstrate
electrically controlled phase manipulations with magnitudes up to 3p within 100 ps which is below
the dephasing time of the quantum dot exciton.
AU - Widhalm, Alex
AU - Mukherjee, Amlan
AU - Krehs, Sebastian
AU - Sharma, Nandlal
AU - Kölling, Peter
AU - Thiede, Andreas
AU - Reuter, Dirk
AU - Förstner, Jens
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 3427
IS - 11
JF - Applied Physics Letters
KW - tet_topic_qd
SN - 0003-6951
TI - Ultrafast electric phase control of a single exciton qubit
VL - 112
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has been used to visualize and analyze ferroelectric domain structures.
The technique makes use of the fact that the intensity or frequency of certain phonons is strongly influenced
by the presence of domain walls. Although the method is used frequently, the underlying mechanism responsible
for the changes in the spectra is not fully understood. This inhibits deeper analysis of domain structures based
on this method. Two different models have been proposed. However, neither model completely explains all
observations. In this work, we have systematically investigated domain walls in different scattering geometries
with Raman spectroscopy in the common ferroelectric materials used in integrated optics, i.e., KTiOPO4,
LiNbO3, and LiTaO3. Based on the two models, we can demonstrate that the observed contrast for domain
walls is in fact based on two different effects. We can identify on the one hand microscopic changes at the
domain wall, e.g., strain and electric fields, and on the other hand a macroscopic change of selection rules at the
domain wall. While the macroscopic relaxation of selection rules can be explained by the directional dispersion
of the phonons in agreement with previous propositions, the microscopic changes can be explained qualitatively
in terms of a simplified atomistic model.
AU - Rüsing, Michael
AU - Neufeld, Sergej
AU - Brockmeier, Julian
AU - Eigner, Christof
AU - Mackwitz, P.
AU - Spychala, K.
AU - Silberhorn, Christine
AU - Schmidt, Wolf Gero
AU - Berth, Gerhard
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Sanna, S.
ID - 4769
IS - 10
JF - Physical Review Materials
SN - 2475-9953
TI - Imaging of 180∘ ferroelectric domain walls in uniaxial ferroelectrics by confocal Raman spectroscopy: Unraveling the contrast mechanism
VL - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - In this article we demonstrate a fully CMOS compatible fabrication process for the realization of microdisk resonators based on silicon oxynitride. The layer fabrication using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is optimized in terms of surface roughness and internal material absorption. Resulting surface roughness due to the etching process is reduced by using optimized etching parameters. Whispering gallery modes of the fabricated microdisk resonators have been investigated by tapered fiber coupling and show quality factors as high as 10 6.
AU - Hett, T.
AU - Krämmer, S.
AU - Hilleringmann, U.
AU - Kalt, H.
AU - Zrenner, Artur
ID - 3433
JF - JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
SN - 0022-2313
TI - High-Q whispering gallery microdisk resonators based on silicon oxynitride
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Semiconductor quantum dots are promising sources for polarization-entangled photons. As an alternative
to the usual cascaded biexciton-exciton emission, direct two-photon emission from the biexciton can be used.
With a high-quality optical resonator tuned to half the biexciton energy, a large proportion of the photons
can be steered into the two-photon emission channel. In this case the degree of polarization entanglement is
inherently insensitive to the exciton fine-structure splitting. In the present work we analyze the biexciton emission
with particular emphasis on the influence of coupling of the quantum-dot cavity system to its environment.
Especially for a high-quality cavity, the coupling to the surrounding semiconductormaterial can open up additional
phonon-assisted decay channels. Our analysis demonstrates that with the cavity tuned to half the biexciton energy,
the potentially detrimental influence of the phonons on the polarization entanglement is strongly suppressed—high
degrees of entanglement can still be achieved. We further discuss spectral properties and statistics of the emitted
twin photons.
AU - Heinze, Dirk
AU - Zrenner, Artur
AU - Schumacher, Stefan
ID - 3435
IS - 24
JF - Physical Review B
SN - 1098-0121
TI - Polarization-entangled twin photons from two-photon quantum-dot emission
ER -