---
_id: '61007'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>\r\n
    \           <jats:p>Repetitive head impacts due to heading in soccer may bear
    the potential to induce brain changes. To investigate how brain development is
    affected by heading, effects of heading exposure on neurocognitive and vestibular
    performance in adolescent soccer players were prospectively examined.</jats:p>\r\n
    \         </jats:sec>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n
    \           <jats:p>In this longitudinal cohort study, male and female high-level
    youth soccer players of different ages were enrolled in two seasons. Age-matched
    athletes of other ball sports were included as controls. Before and after each
    season, neurocognitive performance (6 domain scores), vestibulo-ocular reflex,
    dynamic visual acuity, and postural control (sway velocity) were objectively assessed
    in all athletes. Every soccer training and match during the observation period
    was videotaped to analyze individual heading exposure. Associations between heading
    frequency (total, in duels, &gt;20 m flight distance) and pre- to post-changes
    were investigated via Spearman correlation.</jats:p>\r\n          </jats:sec>\r\n
    \         <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n            <jats:p>103
    soccer and 51 control athletes (9-19 years) participated. Neurocognitive scores
    and sway velocity significantly improved in each season in soccer and control
    athletes. There were no associations between total heading numbers and changes
    in any parameter. Over the first season, the more headers played in duels (r =
    -0.255, 95%CI = -0.474 to -0.006, p = 0.04) and from &gt;20 m distance (r = -0.299,
    95%CI = -0.510 to -0.055, p = 0.02) the less psychomotor speed improvement occurred.
    In the second season, improvements in reaction time were significantly smaller
    with higher numbers of headers played in duels (r = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.043 to 0.632,
    p = 0.02) and from &gt;20 m distance (r = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.025 to 0.621, p = 0.03).</jats:p>\r\n
    \         </jats:sec>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\r\n
    \           <jats:p>Potential high-impact headers may have affected neurocognitive
    improvements, exhibiting small to moderate effects. Therefore, more high-impact
    headers may be more important to consider than solely the overall heading exposure
    in discussions about adverse effects in youth soccer.</jats:p>\r\n          </jats:sec>"
author:
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Reeschke, Rebecca
  id: '44893'
  last_name: Reeschke
- first_name: Lena
  full_name: Dautzenberg, Lena
  last_name: Dautzenberg
- first_name: Franziska Katharina
  full_name: Mund, Franziska Katharina
  id: '63237'
  last_name: Mund
  orcid: 0000-0001-8127-8458
- first_name: Thorsten
  full_name: Koch, Thorsten
  last_name: Koch
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: Reeschke R, Dautzenberg L, Mund FK, Koch T, Reinsberger C. Effects of Different
    Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.
    <i>Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise</i>. Published online
    2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>
  apa: Reeschke, R., Dautzenberg, L., Mund, F. K., Koch, T., &#38; Reinsberger, C.
    (2025). Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance
    in Youth Soccer Players. <i>Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Reeschke_Dautzenberg_Mund_Koch_Reinsberger_2025, title={Effects
    of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth
    Soccer Players}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>},
    journal={Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise}, publisher={Ovid
    Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Reeschke, Rebecca and Dautzenberg,
    Lena and Mund, Franziska Katharina and Koch, Thorsten and Reinsberger, Claus},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: Reeschke, Rebecca, Lena Dautzenberg, Franziska Katharina Mund, Thorsten
    Koch, and Claus Reinsberger. “Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive
    and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.” <i>Medicine &#38;amp; Science
    in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise</i>, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, F. K. Mund, T. Koch, and C. Reinsberger, “Effects
    of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth
    Soccer Players,” <i>Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise</i>,
    2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>.'
  mla: Reeschke, Rebecca, et al. “Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive
    and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.” <i>Medicine &#38;amp; Science
    in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise</i>, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831">10.1249/mss.0000000000003831</a>.
  short: R. Reeschke, L. Dautzenberg, F.K. Mund, T. Koch, C. Reinsberger, Medicine
    &#38;amp; Science in Sports &#38;amp; Exercise (2025).
date_created: 2025-08-25T15:45:39Z
date_updated: 2025-08-27T08:41:58Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '176'
- _id: '17'
doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003831
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1530-0315
  - 0195-9131
publication_status: published
publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
status: public
title: Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance
  in Youth Soccer Players
type: journal_article
user_id: '33213'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '55402'
author:
- first_name: Franziska Katharina
  full_name: Mund, Franziska Katharina
  id: '63237'
  last_name: Mund
  orcid: 0000-0001-8127-8458
- first_name: Nina
  full_name: Feddermann-Demont, Nina
  last_name: Feddermann-Demont
- first_name: Götz
  full_name: Welsch, Götz
  last_name: Welsch
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Schuenemann, Carsten
  last_name: Schuenemann
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Fiehler, Jens
  last_name: Fiehler
- first_name: Astrid
  full_name: Junge, Astrid
  last_name: Junge
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  id: '48978'
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: 'Mund FK, Feddermann-Demont N, Welsch G, et al. Heading during the season and
    its potential impact on brain structure and neurocognitive performance in high-level
    male football players: An observational study. <i>Journal of Science and Medicine
    in Sport</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>'
  apa: 'Mund, F. K., Feddermann-Demont, N., Welsch, G., Schuenemann, C., Fiehler,
    J., Junge, A., &#38; Reinsberger, C. (2024). Heading during the season and its
    potential impact on brain structure and neurocognitive performance in high-level
    male football players: An observational study. <i>Journal of Science and Medicine
    in Sport</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Mund_Feddermann-Demont_Welsch_Schuenemann_Fiehler_Junge_Reinsberger_2024,
    title={Heading during the season and its potential impact on brain structure and
    neurocognitive performance in high-level male football players: An observational
    study}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>},
    journal={Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mund,
    Franziska Katharina and Feddermann-Demont, Nina and Welsch, Götz and Schuenemann,
    Carsten and Fiehler, Jens and Junge, Astrid and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: 'Mund, Franziska Katharina, Nina Feddermann-Demont, Götz Welsch, Carsten
    Schuenemann, Jens Fiehler, Astrid Junge, and Claus Reinsberger. “Heading during
    the Season and Its Potential Impact on Brain Structure and Neurocognitive Performance
    in High-Level Male Football Players: An Observational Study.” <i>Journal of Science
    and Medicine in Sport</i>, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. K. Mund <i>et al.</i>, “Heading during the season and its potential impact
    on brain structure and neurocognitive performance in high-level male football
    players: An observational study,” <i>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport</i>,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>.'
  mla: 'Mund, Franziska Katharina, et al. “Heading during the Season and Its Potential
    Impact on Brain Structure and Neurocognitive Performance in High-Level Male Football
    Players: An Observational Study.” <i>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport</i>,
    Elsevier BV, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012">10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012</a>.'
  short: F.K. Mund, N. Feddermann-Demont, G. Welsch, C. Schuenemann, J. Fiehler, A.
    Junge, C. Reinsberger, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (2024).
date_created: 2024-07-26T10:24:41Z
date_updated: 2024-07-26T10:27:14Z
department:
- _id: '176'
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.012
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1440-2440
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Heading during the season and its potential impact on brain structure and
  neurocognitive performance in high-level male football players: An observational
  study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '63237'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '42118'
author:
- first_name: Franziska Katharina
  full_name: Haase, Franziska Katharina
  id: '63237'
  last_name: Haase
  orcid: 0000-0001-8127-8458
- first_name: Annika
  full_name: Prien, Annika
  last_name: Prien
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Douw, Linda
  last_name: Douw
- first_name: Nina
  full_name: Feddermann‐Demont, Nina
  last_name: Feddermann‐Demont
- first_name: Astrid
  full_name: Junge, Astrid
  last_name: Junge
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  id: '48978'
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: Haase FK, Prien A, Douw L, Feddermann‐Demont N, Junge A, Reinsberger C. Cortical
    thickness and neurocognitive performance in former high‐level female soccer and
    non‐contact sport athletes. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38;amp; Science
    in Sports</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">10.1111/sms.14324</a>
  apa: Haase, F. K., Prien, A., Douw, L., Feddermann‐Demont, N., Junge, A., &#38;
    Reinsberger, C. (2023). Cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance in former
    high‐level female soccer and non‐contact sport athletes. <i>Scandinavian Journal
    of Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Haase_Prien_Douw_Feddermann‐Demont_Junge_Reinsberger_2023, title={Cortical
    thickness and neurocognitive performance in former high‐level female soccer and
    non‐contact sport athletes}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">10.1111/sms.14324</a>},
    journal={Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports}, publisher={Wiley},
    author={Haase, Franziska Katharina and Prien, Annika and Douw, Linda and Feddermann‐Demont,
    Nina and Junge, Astrid and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Haase, Franziska Katharina, Annika Prien, Linda Douw, Nina Feddermann‐Demont,
    Astrid Junge, and Claus Reinsberger. “Cortical Thickness and Neurocognitive Performance
    in Former High‐level Female Soccer and Non‐contact Sport Athletes.” <i>Scandinavian
    Journal of Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports</i>, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324</a>.
  ieee: 'F. K. Haase, A. Prien, L. Douw, N. Feddermann‐Demont, A. Junge, and C. Reinsberger,
    “Cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance in former high‐level female
    soccer and non‐contact sport athletes,” <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38;amp;
    Science in Sports</i>, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">10.1111/sms.14324</a>.'
  mla: Haase, Franziska Katharina, et al. “Cortical Thickness and Neurocognitive Performance
    in Former High‐level Female Soccer and Non‐contact Sport Athletes.” <i>Scandinavian
    Journal of Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports</i>, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14324">10.1111/sms.14324</a>.
  short: F.K. Haase, A. Prien, L. Douw, N. Feddermann‐Demont, A. Junge, C. Reinsberger,
    Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38;amp; Science in Sports (2023).
date_created: 2023-02-14T15:42:22Z
date_updated: 2023-02-14T16:02:36Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '176'
- _id: '17'
doi: 10.1111/sms.14324
keyword:
- Physical Therapy
- Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0905-7188
  - 1600-0838
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: Cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance in former high‐level female
  soccer and non‐contact sport athletes
type: journal_article
user_id: '63237'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '46818'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>Concerns
    about short‐ and long‐term consequences of repetitive heading contributed to heading
    restrictions in youth football in some countries. This prospective longitudinal
    cohort study aims to describe heading exposure in children's and youth football
    over two seasons using standardized video analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>All
    matches and training sessions of a male Under‐11 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 29),
    Under‐15 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 28), Under‐19 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 38),
    and female Under‐17 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 39) team were videotaped during
    the seasons 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Heading frequencies and characteristics were
    analyzed. Individual heading exposure is presented as average incidence rates
    (IR) per 1000 match/training hours.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In
    275 matches and 673 training sessions, 22 921 headers were observed. Heading IR
    per player in matches was 1256 (Under‐11 m), 1608 (Under‐15 m), 1050 (Under‐17 f),
    and 1966 (Under‐19 m). In training sessions, IR per player was 739 (Under‐11 m),
    2206 (Under‐15 m), 1661 (Under‐17 f), and 1419 (Under‐19 m). Five Under‐15 males
    headed the ball five to eight times per training on average. Most headers were
    performed without heading duels. Flight distance was predominantly 5–20 m (54%)
    in matches and &lt;5 m (65%) in training. While head impact location most frequently
    was at frontal areas, one‐third of all headers in Under‐11 in matches hit temporal,
    parietal, and occipital parts of the head.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Heading
    incidence was low in the youngest age group, whereas (predominantly five) Under‐15
    males showed very high heading exposures in training. In assessment and regulation
    of heading burden, training sessions and individual heading behavior should specifically
    be addressed. Recommendations for heading the ball in practice should account
    for individual and age‐related differences.</jats:p></jats:sec>
author:
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Reeschke, Rebecca
  id: '44893'
  last_name: Reeschke
- first_name: Franziska Katharina
  full_name: Haase, Franziska Katharina
  id: '63237'
  last_name: Haase
  orcid: 0000-0001-8127-8458
- first_name: Lena
  full_name: Dautzenberg, Lena
  last_name: Dautzenberg
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Krutsch, Werner
  last_name: Krutsch
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  id: '48978'
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: 'Reeschke R, Haase FK, Dautzenberg L, Krutsch W, Reinsberger C. Training matters:
    Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football (soccer)
    players. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38; Science in Sports</i>. 2023;33(9):1821-1830.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">10.1111/sms.14408</a>'
  apa: 'Reeschke, R., Haase, F. K., Dautzenberg, L., Krutsch, W., &#38; Reinsberger,
    C. (2023). Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s
    and youth football (soccer) players. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38;
    Science in Sports</i>, <i>33</i>(9), 1821–1830. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Reeschke_Haase_Dautzenberg_Krutsch_Reinsberger_2023, title={Training
    matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth football
    (soccer) players}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">10.1111/sms.14408</a>},
    number={9}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38; Science in Sports},
    publisher={Wiley}, author={Reeschke, Rebecca and Haase, Franziska Katharina and
    Dautzenberg, Lena and Krutsch, Werner and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2023}, pages={1821–1830}
    }'
  chicago: 'Reeschke, Rebecca, Franziska Katharina Haase, Lena Dautzenberg, Werner
    Krutsch, and Claus Reinsberger. “Training Matters: Heading Incidence and Characteristics
    in Children’s and Youth Football (Soccer) Players.” <i>Scandinavian Journal of
    Medicine &#38; Science in Sports</i> 33, no. 9 (2023): 1821–30. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Reeschke, F. K. Haase, L. Dautzenberg, W. Krutsch, and C. Reinsberger,
    “Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children’s and youth
    football (soccer) players,” <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &#38; Science
    in Sports</i>, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1821–1830, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">10.1111/sms.14408</a>.'
  mla: 'Reeschke, Rebecca, et al. “Training Matters: Heading Incidence and Characteristics
    in Children’s and Youth Football (Soccer) Players.” <i>Scandinavian Journal of
    Medicine &#38; Science in Sports</i>, vol. 33, no. 9, Wiley, 2023, pp. 1821–30,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14408">10.1111/sms.14408</a>.'
  short: R. Reeschke, F.K. Haase, L. Dautzenberg, W. Krutsch, C. Reinsberger, Scandinavian
    Journal of Medicine &#38; Science in Sports 33 (2023) 1821–1830.
date_created: 2023-09-06T11:06:47Z
date_updated: 2023-09-06T11:12:10Z
doi: 10.1111/sms.14408
intvolume: '        33'
issue: '9'
keyword:
- Physical Therapy
- Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1821-1830
publication: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0905-7188
  - 1600-0838
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: 'Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children''s and
  youth football (soccer) players'
type: journal_article
user_id: '44893'
volume: 33
year: '2023'
...