---
_id: '33458'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the effect of unemployment on cognitive abilities among individuals
    aged between 50 and 65 in Europe. To this end, we exploit plant closures and use
    flexible event-study estimations together with an experimentally elicited measure
    of fluid intelligence, namely word recall. We find that, within a time period
    of around eight years after the event of unemployment, cognitive abilities only
    deteriorate marginally — the effects are insignificant both in statistical and
    economic terms. We do, however, find significant effects of late-career unemployment
    on the likelihood to leave the labor force, and short-term effects on mental health
    problems such as depression and sleep problems.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Diana
  full_name: Freise, Diana
  id: '45323'
  last_name: Freise
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Freise D, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.
    <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>. 2022;86. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>
  apa: Freise, D., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2022). Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, <i>86</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Freise_Schmitz_Westphal_2022, title={Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities}, volume={86}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>},
    journal={Journal of Health Economics}, author={Freise, Diana and Schmitz, Hendrik
    and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Freise, Diana, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Late-Career Unemployment
    and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 86 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.
  ieee: 'D. Freise, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive
    Abilities,” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.'
  mla: Freise, Diana, et al. “Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities.” <i>Journal
    of Health Economics</i>, vol. 86, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689</a>.
  short: D. Freise, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of Health Economics 86 (2022).
date_created: 2022-09-21T13:19:58Z
date_updated: 2023-08-18T09:21:26Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102689
intvolume: '        86'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167629622001047
publication: Journal of Health Economics
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Late-Career Unemployment and Cognitive Abilities
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 86
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '30235'
author:
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
- first_name: Daniel A.
  full_name: Kamhöfer, Daniel A.
  last_name: Kamhöfer
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
citation:
  ama: Westphal M, Kamhöfer DA, Schmitz H. Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection
    into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>. 2022;132(646):2231-2272. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>
  apa: Westphal, M., Kamhöfer, D. A., &#38; Schmitz, H. (2022). Marginal College Wage
    Premium under Selection into Employment. <i>Economic Journal</i>, <i>132</i>(646),
    2231–2272. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Westphal_Kamhöfer_Schmitz_2022, title={Marginal College Wage Premium
    under Selection into Employment}, volume={132}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>},
    number={646}, journal={Economic Journal}, author={Westphal, Matthias and Kamhöfer,
    Daniel A. and Schmitz, Hendrik}, year={2022}, pages={2231–2272} }'
  chicago: 'Westphal, Matthias, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, and Hendrik Schmitz. “Marginal
    College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i>
    132, no. 646 (2022): 2231–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Westphal, D. A. Kamhöfer, and H. Schmitz, “Marginal College Wage Premium
    under Selection into Employment,” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646,
    pp. 2231–2272, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.'
  mla: Westphal, Matthias, et al. “Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into
    Employment.” <i>Economic Journal</i>, vol. 132, no. 646, 2022, pp. 2231–72, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac021">10.1093/ej/ueac021</a>.
  short: M. Westphal, D.A. Kamhöfer, H. Schmitz, Economic Journal 132 (2022) 2231–2272.
date_created: 2022-03-10T14:31:01Z
date_updated: 2023-08-18T09:21:13Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1093/ej/ueac021
intvolume: '       132'
issue: '646'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 2231-2272
publication: Economic Journal
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Marginal College Wage Premium under Selection into Employment
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 132
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '46537'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We study effects of retirement on cognitive abilities (up to ten years after
    retirement) using data from 21 countries in Continental Europe, England, and the
    US, and exploiting early-retirement thresholds for identification. For this purpose,
    combines event-study estimations with the marginal treatment effect framework
    to allow for effect heterogeneity. This helps to decompose event-study estimates
    into true medium-run effects of retirement and effects driven by differential
    retirement preferences. Our results suggest considerable negative effects of retirement
    on cognitive abilities. We also detect substantial effect heterogeneity: Those
    who retire as early as possible are not affected while those who retire later
    exhibit negative effects.'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Schmitz H, Westphal M. <i>The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of Retirement
    on Cognitive Decline</i>. Vol 918. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen;
    2021.
  apa: Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2021). <i>The dynamic and heterogeneous effects
    of retirement on cognitive decline</i> (Vol. 918). RWI - Leibniz-Institut für
    Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University
    of Duisburg-Essen.
  bibtex: '@book{Schmitz_Westphal_2021, series={ Ruhr Economic Papers}, title={The
    dynamic and heterogeneous effects of retirement on cognitive decline}, volume={918},
    publisher={RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
    TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik
    and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2021}, collection={ Ruhr Economic Papers} }'
  chicago: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. <i>The Dynamic and Heterogeneous
    Effects of Retirement on Cognitive Decline</i>. Vol. 918.  Ruhr Economic Papers.
    RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund
    University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2021.
  ieee: H. Schmitz and M. Westphal, <i>The dynamic and heterogeneous effects of retirement
    on cognitive decline</i>, vol. 918. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen,
    2021.
  mla: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. <i>The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects
    of Retirement on Cognitive Decline</i>. RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung,
    Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen,
    2021.
  short: H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of Retirement
    on Cognitive Decline, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University
    Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2021.
date_created: 2023-08-16T10:02:17Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:54:49Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
intvolume: '       918'
keyword:
- Cognitive abilities
- retirement
- event study
- marginal treatment effects
language:
- iso: eng
publisher: RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum,
  TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen
series_title: ' Ruhr Economic Papers'
status: public
title: The dynamic and heterogeneous effects of retirement on cognitive decline
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
volume: 918
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '15074'
author:
- first_name: Daniel A
  full_name: Kamhöfer, Daniel A
  last_name: Kamhöfer
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Kamhöfer DA, Schmitz H, Westphal M. Heterogeneity in Marginal Non-Monetary
    Returns to Higher Education. <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i>.
    2019;17(1):205-244. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>
  apa: Kamhöfer, D. A., Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2019). Heterogeneity in Marginal
    Non-Monetary Returns to Higher Education. <i>Journal of the European Economic
    Association</i>, <i>17</i>(1), 205–244. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kamhöfer_Schmitz_Westphal_2019, title={Heterogeneity in Marginal
    Non-Monetary Returns to Higher Education}, volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>},
    number={1}, journal={Journal of the European Economic Association}, author={Kamhöfer,
    Daniel A and Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2019}, pages={205–244}
    }'
  chicago: 'Kamhöfer, Daniel A, Hendrik Schmitz, and Matthias Westphal. “Heterogeneity
    in Marginal Non-Monetary Returns to Higher Education.” <i>Journal of the European
    Economic Association</i> 17, no. 1 (2019): 205–44. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. A. Kamhöfer, H. Schmitz, and M. Westphal, “Heterogeneity in Marginal Non-Monetary
    Returns to Higher Education,” <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i>,
    vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 205–244, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>.'
  mla: Kamhöfer, Daniel A., et al. “Heterogeneity in Marginal Non-Monetary Returns
    to Higher Education.” <i>Journal of the European Economic Association</i>, vol.
    17, no. 1, 2019, pp. 205–44, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx058">10.1093/jeea/jvx058</a>.
  short: D.A. Kamhöfer, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of the European Economic
    Association 17 (2019) 205–244.
date_created: 2019-11-21T11:52:54Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:46:35Z
doi: 10.1093/jeea/jvx058
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 205-244
publication: Journal of the European Economic Association
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1542-4766
  - 1542-4774
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Heterogeneity in Marginal Non-Monetary Returns to Higher Education
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 17
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '2635'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Schmitz H, Westphal M. Informal Care and Long-term Labor Market Outcomes. <i>Journal
    of Health Economics</i>. 2017;56:1-18. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>
  apa: Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2017). Informal Care and Long-term Labor Market
    Outcomes. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, <i>56</i>, 1–18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schmitz_Westphal_2017, title={Informal Care and Long-term Labor
    Market Outcomes}, volume={56}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>},
    journal={Journal of Health Economics}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal,
    Matthias}, year={2017}, pages={1–18} }'
  chicago: 'Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. “Informal Care and Long-Term
    Labor Market Outcomes.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i> 56 (2017): 1–18. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>.'
  ieee: 'H. Schmitz and M. Westphal, “Informal Care and Long-term Labor Market Outcomes,”
    <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 56, pp. 1–18, 2017, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>.'
  mla: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. “Informal Care and Long-Term Labor
    Market Outcomes.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol. 56, 2017, pp. 1–18,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002</a>.
  short: H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of Health Economics 56 (2017) 1–18.
date_created: 2018-05-03T15:59:31Z
date_updated: 2022-03-10T13:49:51Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.002
intvolume: '        56'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-18
publication: Journal of Health Economics
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Informal Care and Long-term Labor Market Outcomes
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 56
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '2957'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  id: '64661'
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: Schmitz H, Westphal M. Short-and medium-term effects of informal care provision
    on female caregivers’ health. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>. 2015;42:174-185.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>
  apa: Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2015). Short-and medium-term effects of informal
    care provision on female caregivers’ health. <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>,
    <i>42</i>, 174–185. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schmitz_Westphal_2015, title={Short-and medium-term effects of
    informal care provision on female caregivers’ health}, volume={42}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>},
    journal={Journal of Health Economics}, author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal,
    Matthias}, year={2015}, pages={174–185} }'
  chicago: 'Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. “Short-and Medium-Term Effects
    of Informal Care Provision on Female Caregivers’ Health.” <i>Journal of Health
    Economics</i> 42 (2015): 174–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>.'
  ieee: 'H. Schmitz and M. Westphal, “Short-and medium-term effects of informal care
    provision on female caregivers’ health,” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>, vol.
    42, pp. 174–185, 2015, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>.'
  mla: Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. “Short-and Medium-Term Effects of
    Informal Care Provision on Female Caregivers’ Health.” <i>Journal of Health Economics</i>,
    vol. 42, 2015, pp. 174–85, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002</a>.
  short: H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Journal of Health Economics 42 (2015) 174–185.
date_created: 2018-05-29T13:02:22Z
date_updated: 2023-08-18T09:21:40Z
department:
- _id: '281'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.002
intvolume: '        42'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 174-185
publication: Journal of Health Economics
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Short-and medium-term effects of informal care provision on female caregivers’
  health
type: journal_article
user_id: '53779'
volume: 42
year: '2015'
...