@article{64916,
  abstract     = {{The joining of dissimilar materials, such as steel and aluminum, entails significant challenges during thermal curing processes due to differing coefficients of thermal expansion. This study addresses the formation of “viscous fingering” instabilities in structural adhesive joints, which are induced by thermally driven relative displacements during the liquid phase of the adhesive. Using a component-like specimen “bridge specimen,” the dependency of this phenomenon on process temperature and structural stiffness (rivet distance) was characterized. Experimental results reveal that while the relative displacement scales cubically with the free buckling length, the resulting adhesive area reduction follows an exponential trend, leading to a loss of effective bond area of up to 79%, which significantly compromises the joint strength in automotive applications. To predict these process-induced defects, a thermo-chemo-viscoelastic-viscoplastic adhesive model implemented in LS-DYNA was applied. The model combines curing kinetics, viscoelastic relaxation, and pressure-dependent plasticity and features a geometric damage parameter (D) that captures the adhesive area reduction caused by viscous fingering as an exponential function of the accumulated normal strain in the liquid phase. This damage parameter, calibrated on base-specimen level, was transferred to the component geometry. The simulation demonstrated high predictive accuracy with a maximum deviation of the adhesive area reduction of 3.1% compared to experimental data. This validates the model’s capability to predict manufacturing-induced damage in complex hybrid structures solely based on thermal boundary conditions.}},
  author       = {{Al Trjman, Mohamad and Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson and Riese, Julia}},
  issn         = {{0021-8464}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Adhesion}},
  keywords     = {{Adhesive area reduction, CED coating process, delta alpha problem, epoxy structural adhesive, influence of manufacture, multi-material design, numerical simulation (FEM), relative displacements, viscous fingering (saffman-taylor-instability).}},
  pages        = {{1--24}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Experimental characterization and numerical analysis of the influence of the CED coating process on viscous fingering formation in hybrid-jointed mixed structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/00218464.2026.2644394}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{65104,
  author       = {{Hermelingmeier, Lucas and Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{0143-7496}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Comparison of fixture-based and manual fiber integration in adhesive joints: Effects on strain signal quality}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104319}},
  volume       = {{149}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@inproceedings{58843,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{25. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  location     = {{Köln}},
  title        = {{{Berücksichtigung des Einflusses fertigungsinduzierter Vorverformungen warmaushärtender Klebstoffe auf die Schwingfestigkeit geklebter Verbindungen}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{58844,
  author       = {{Schmelzle, Lars and Beule, Felix and Possart, Gunnar and Teutenberg, Dominik and Mergheim, Julia and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{25. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  location     = {{Köln}},
  title        = {{{Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von hyperelastischen Klebverbindungen unter Crashbelastung}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{58672,
  author       = {{Al Trjman, Mohamad and Salten, Alexander Heinrich Johannes and Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson and Riese, Julia and Kenig, Eugeny}},
  issn         = {{0143-7496}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Viscous fingering in adhesive bonding}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103960}},
  volume       = {{139}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{54142,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Al Trjman, Mohamad and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  location     = {{Shanghai}},
  title        = {{{Method development (modelling, simulation, characterisation) in adhesive bonding technology}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{56087,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{The 16th International Conference on the Science and Technology of Adhesion and Adhesives}},
  location     = {{Oxford, UK}},
  title        = {{{Numerical modelling of the influence of viscous fingering on the mechanical properties of structural adhesive joints}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{52211,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{DECHEMA-Workshop für Klebstoffanwender: Simulation von Klebverbindungen}},
  location     = {{Köln}},
  title        = {{{Klebstoffmodell - Parameteridentifikation, Verifikation und Validierung für den Lastfall Crash}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{52214,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson and Schmelzle, Lars and Possart, Gunnar and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}},
  location     = {{Köln}},
  title        = {{{Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von hyperelastischen Klebverbindungen unter Crashbelastung}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57575,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{0169-4243}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology}},
  pages        = {{1--20}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of the anisotropic mechanical properties of structural adhesive joints with curing-induced pre-deformations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/01694243.2024.2427799}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{52213,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Sander, Sascha and Meschut, Gerson and Damm, Jannis and Kasper, Yann and Albiez, Matthias and Kötz, Fabian and Matzenmiller, Anton}},
  booktitle    = {{24. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  location     = {{Köln}},
  title        = {{{Methodenentwicklung zur rechnerischen Auslegung geklebter Stahlverbindungen unter Alterungsbeanspruchung im Stahl- und Anlagenbau}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inbook{50178,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  booktitle    = {{Klebtechnische Doktorandenseminare 2020 - 2022}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-96144-139-6}},
  location     = {{Paderborn}},
  publisher    = {{DVS Media GmbH}},
  title        = {{{Untersuchung des Einflusses von Relativverschiebungen während der Aushärtung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Klebverbindungen}}},
  volume       = {{369}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{44181,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Schmelzle, Lars and Teutenberg, Dominik and Possart, Gunnar and Meschut, Gerson and Mergheim, Julia}},
  booktitle    = {{23. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  location     = {{Frankfurt}},
  title        = {{{Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von hyperelastischen Klebverbindungen unter Crashbelastung}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{29852,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson and Aubel, Tobias and Matzenmiller, Anton}},
  booktitle    = {{22. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  title        = {{{Methodenentwicklung zur Versagensanalyse aufgrund der Aushärtung vorgeschädigter Klebverbindungen in stahlintensiven Mischbaustrukturen}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{32155,
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson and Aubel, Tobias and Matzenmiller, Anton}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Steels in Cars and Trucks}},
  location     = {{Milan}},
  title        = {{{Influence of curing-induced pre-deformations on the mechanical properties of adhesively bonded joints in steel-intensive mixed-material structures}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31330,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Owing to the implementation of multi-material construction methods in modern lightweight construction and the associated use of adhesive bonding technology, thermally induced relative displacements of the joining partners occur during the curing process. The resulting extremely complex thermo-chemo-mechanical stresses can influence the properties of the adhesive layers and reduce the load-bearing capacity. In this study, experiments are conducted to examine the influence of process-related thermal relative displacements on the mechanical properties of adhesives. The results show an anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the pre-deformed adhesive layers, depending on the magnitude and direction of the relative displacement. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Beule, Felix and Teutenberg, Dominik and Meschut, Gerson}},
  issn         = {{0954-4070}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  title        = {{{Directional dependence of the mechanical properties of structural adhesive joints with curing-induced pre-deformations}}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/09544070221100130}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{29856,
  author       = {{Jamei, Said and Döller, Norbert and Lossau, Sebastian and Beule, Felix and Al Trjman, Mohamad and Aubel, Tobias and Meschut, Gerson and Sommer, Daniel and Facciotto, Silvio and Droste, Alexander and Haufe, Andre and Helbig, Martin and Gleich, Henning and Kose, Kim}},
  booktitle    = {{22. Kolloquium: Gemeinsame Forschung in der Klebtechnik}},
  title        = {{{DigiBody - Digitale Prozesskette zur Abbildung und Optimierung der Fügetechnik im Rohbau }}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{42239,
  author       = {{Klöppel, Thomas and Haufe, Andre and Helbig, Martin and Liebold, Christian and Beule, Felix and Al Trjman, Mohamad and Aubel, Tobias and Meschut, Gerson and Jamei, Said and Fürle, Fabian and Lossau, Sebastian and Droste, Alexander and Gleich, Henning and Kose, Kim and Sommer, Daniel and Facciotto, Silvio}},
  booktitle    = {{4a-Technologietage 2022}},
  location     = {{Schladming}},
  title        = {{{A new viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive formulation in LS-DYNA to model adhesives during the complete manufacturing-crashworthiness process chain}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{27702,
  author       = {{Helbig, Martin and Haufe, André and Beule, Felix and Aubel, Tobias and Meschut, Gerson and Jamei, Said and Fürle, Fabian and Lossau, Sebastian and Droste, Alexander and Gleich, Hennig and Kose, Kim and Sommer, Daniel and Facciotto, Silvio}},
  booktitle    = {{Vortrag in: automotive CAE Grand Challange}},
  location     = {{Hanau}},
  title        = {{{Modeling of adhesives in crash simulation under consideration of manufacturing processes}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{27703,
  author       = {{Helbig, Martin and Haufe, André and Beule, Felix and Aubel, Tobias and Meschut, Gerson and Jamei, Said and Fürle, Fabian and Lossau, Sebastian and Droste, Alexander and Gleich, Hennig and Kose, Kim and Sommer, Daniel and Facciotto, Silvio}},
  booktitle    = {{Vortrag in: 13th European LS-DYNA Conference}},
  location     = {{Ulm}},
  title        = {{{DigiBody - Optimizing of Joining Technology}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}