@article{55743,
  abstract     = {{The use of hybrid materials as a combination of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) and metal is of great interest in order to meet the increasing demands for sustainability, efficiency, and emission reduction based on the principle of lightweight design. These two components can therefore be joined using the intrinsic joining technique, which is formed by curing the matrix of the FRP component. In this study, for the hybrid joint, unidirectionally pre-impregnated semi-finished products (prepregs) with duromer matrix resin and micro-alloyed HC340LA steel were used. In order to conduct a detailed investigation, the damage mechanisms of intrinsically produced fibre metal laminates (FMLs), a new clamping device, and a novel pressing tool were designed and put into operation. The prepregs were prestressed by applying a preloading force using a specially designed prestressing frame. Hybrid specimens were then produced and subjected to nanoindentation and a shear tensile test. In particular, the effect of the residual stress state by varying the defined prestressing force on the damage mechanisms was studied. The results showed that no fracture patterns occurred in the interface of the specimens without preloading as a result of curing at 120 °C, whereas specimens with preloading failed at the boundary layer in the tensile range. Nevertheless, all specimens cured at 160 °C failed at the boundary layer in the tensile range. Furthermore, it was proven that the force and displacement of the preloaded specimens were promisingly higher than those of the unpreloaded specimens.}},
  author       = {{Irmak, Hayrettin and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Marten, Thorsten and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2504-477X}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Composites Science}},
  keywords     = {{CFRP, prestressing, fibre metal laminate, interface, prepreg, shear tensile test}},
  number       = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Development of a Tool Concept for Prestressed Fibre Metal Laminates and Their Effect on Interface Failure}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jcs8080316}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{37258,
  author       = {{Haller, Sebastian and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Brandt, Robert}},
  booktitle    = {{5th International Conference Hybrid 2022 Material & Structures}},
  title        = {{{The environmental impact on the strain rate dependent energy absorption capability of a hybrid crash absorber element}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31496,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) gained high interest in industrial applications because of their excellent strength and low specific weight. The stacking sequence of the unidirectional plies forming a CFRP laminate, and their thicknesses, primarily determine the mechanical performance. However, during manufacturing, defects, e.g., pores and residual stresses, are induced, both affecting the mechanical properties. The objective of the present work is to accurately measure residual stresses in CFRPs as well as to investigate the effects of stacking sequence, overall laminate thickness, and the presence of pores on the residual stress state. Residual stresses were measured through the incremental hole-drilling method (HDM). Adequate procedures have been applied to evaluate the residual stresses for orthotropic materials, including calculating the calibration coefficients through finite element analysis (FEA) based on stacking sequence, laminate thickness and mechanical properties. Using optical microscopy (OM) and computed tomography (CT), profound insights into the cross-sectional and three-dimensional microstructure, e.g., location and shape of process-induced pores, were obtained. This microstructural information allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the experimentally determined strain and stress results, particularly at the transition zone between the individual plies. The effect of pores on residual stresses was investigated by considering pores to calculate the calibration coefficients at a depth of 0.06 mm to 0.12 mm in the model and utilizing these results for residual stress evaluation. A maximum difference of 46% in stress between defect-free and porous material sample conditions was observed at a hole depth of 0.65 mm. The significance of employing correctly calculated coefficients for the residual stress evaluation is highlighted by mechanical validation tests.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Wu, Tao and Kruse, Roland and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Zinn, Wolfgang and Lauhoff, Christian and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2504-477X}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Composites Science}},
  keywords     = {{Engineering (miscellaneous), Ceramics and Composites}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Experimental Analysis of Residual Stresses in CFRPs through Hole-Drilling Method: The Role of Stacking Sequence, Thickness, and Defects}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jcs6050138}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32814,
  author       = {{Wu, T. and Degener, S. and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Liehr, A. and Zinn, W. and Nobre, J.P. and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, T.}},
  issn         = {{0263-8223}},
  journal      = {{Composite Structures}},
  keywords     = {{Civil and Structural Engineering, Ceramics and Composites}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Characterization of residual stresses in fiber metal laminate interfaces - A combined approach applying hole-drilling method and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116071}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{21442,
  author       = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  keywords     = {{Micromechanics, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Reduced Order Modelling, Homogenization}},
  title        = {{{Development of a submodel technique for FFT-based solvers in micromechanical analysis}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{24131,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Glass/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP/CFRP) and hybrid components have attracted increasing attention in lightweight applications. However, residual stresses induced in the manufacturing process of these components can result in warpage and, eventually, negatively affect the mechanical performance of the composite structures. In the present work, GFRP, CFRP, GFRP/steel and CFRP/steel hybrid components were manufactured through the prepreg-press-technology always employing the same process parameters. The residual stresses of these components were measured through the hole drilling method (HDM), based on an adequate formalism to evaluate the residual stresses for orthotropic materials including the calculation of the calibration coefficients via finite element analysis (FEA). In FEA, the real material lay-up and mechanical properties of the samples were considered. The warpage induced by residual stresses was measured after the samples were removed from the tool. The measured residual stresses and warpage of four different types of samples were compared and results were analyzed in depth. The results obtained can be extended to other hybrid materials and even could be used for designing multi-stable laminates for application in adaptive structures. Moreover, the effects of the drilling process parameters of HDM, e.g., the drilling speed, the drilling increment and the zero-depth setting, on the resulting residual stresses of GFRP were investigated. The reliability of residual stress measurements in GFRP using HDM was validated through mechanical bending tests. The conclusions concerning the choice of optimal drilling parameters for GFRP could be directly applied for other types of samples considered in the present work.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Wu, Tao and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Zinn, Wolfgang and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  title        = {{{Measurement and Analysis of Residual Stresses and Warpage in Fiber Reinforced Plastic and Hybrid Components}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met11020335}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{21064,
  author       = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  title        = {{{The Effect of Fiber Waviness on the Residual Stress State and Its Prediction by the Hole Drilling Method in Fiber Metal Laminates: A Global-Local Finite Element Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met11010156}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{24130,
  author       = {{Magnier, A. and Wu, T. and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Scholtes, B. and Niendorf, T.}},
  issn         = {{0142-9418}},
  journal      = {{Polymer Testing}},
  title        = {{{On the reliability of residual stress measurements in unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107146}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{20843,
  author       = {{Wu, Tao and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Zinn, Wolfgang}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Hybrid 2020 Materials and Structures}},
  location     = {{Web-Conference, Germany}},
  title        = {{{Residual stress measurement in GFRP/steel hybrid components}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{16930,
  author       = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Hybrid 2020 Materials and Structures}},
  location     = {{Web-Conference, Germany}},
  title        = {{{Numerical investigation of the hole-drilling method applied to intrinsic manufactured metal-CFRP hybrids}}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{20842,
  author       = {{Wu, Tao and Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Tröster, Thomas and Zinn, Wolfgang and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2504-477X}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Composites Science}},
  title        = {{{Determination and Validation of Residual Stresses in CFRP/Metal Hybrid Components Using the Incremental Hole Drilling Method}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jcs4030143}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{15945,
  author       = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0263-8223}},
  journal      = {{Composite Structures}},
  title        = {{{A micromechanical-based finite element simulation of process-induced residual stresses in metal-CFRP-hybrid structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111926}},
  volume       = {{238}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{16831,
  author       = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  location     = {{Wuhan}},
  title        = {{{A micromechanical based finite element simulation of process induced residual stresses in metal-CFRP-hybrid structures}}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}